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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid bw Luana Gurnari;
    Luana Gurnari
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Luana Gurnari in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Pasquale G. F. Filianoti;
    Pasquale G. F. Filianoti
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Pasquale G. F. Filianoti in OpenAIRE
    orcid Marco Torresi;
    Marco Torresi
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Marco Torresi in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Sergio M. Camporeale;
    Sergio M. Camporeale
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Sergio M. Camporeale in OpenAIRE

    Oscillating water column (OWC) devices, either fixed or floating, are the most common wave energy converter (WEC) devices. In this work, the fluid dynamic interaction between waves and a U-shaped OWC breakwater embedding a Wells turbine has been investigated through unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations. The full-scale plant installed in the harbor of Civitavecchia (Italy) was numerically modeled. A two-dimensional domain was adopted to simulate the unsteady flow, both outside and inside the U-OWC device, including the air chamber and the oscillating flow inside the conduit hosting the Wells turbine. For the numerical simulation of the damping effect induced by the Wells turbine connected to the air chamber, a porous medium was placed in the computational domain, representing the conduit hosting the turbine. Several simulations were carried out considering periodic waves with different periods and amplitudes, getting a deep insight into the energy conversion process from wave to the turbine power output. For this purpose, the three main steps of the overall energy conversion process have been examined. Firstly, from the wave power to the power of the water oscillating flow inside the U-duct. Secondly, from the power of the oscillating water flow to the air pneumatic power. Finally, from the air pneumatic power to the Wells turbine power output. Results show that the U-OWC can capture up to 66% of the incoming wave power, in the case of a wave period close to the eigenperiod of the plant. However, only two-thirds of the captured energy flux is available to the turbine, being partially dissipated due to the losses in the U-duct and the air chamber. Finally, the overall time-average turbine power output is evaluated showing that it is strongly influenced by a suitable choice of the turbine characteristics (mainly geometry and rotational speed).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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    Energies
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energies
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    Energies
    Article . 2020
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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      Energies
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Energies
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      Energies
      Article . 2020
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    Authors: orcid bw Wei Sun;
    Wei Sun
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Wei Sun in OpenAIRE
    orcid Sam Harrison;
    Sam Harrison
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Sam Harrison in OpenAIRE
    orcid Gareth P. Harrison;
    Gareth P. Harrison
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Gareth P. Harrison in OpenAIRE

    It is imperative to increase the connectable capacity (i.e., hosting capacity) of distributed generation in order to decarbonise electricity distribution networks. Hybrid generation that exploits complementarity in resource characteristics among different renewable types potentially provides value for minimising technical constraints and increasing the effective use of the network. Tidal, wave and wind energy are prominent offshore renewable energy sources. It is of importance to explore their potential complementarity for increasing network integration. In this work, the novel introduction of these distinct offshore renewable resources into hosting capacity evaluation enables the quantification of the benefits of various resource combinations. A scenario reduction technique is adapted to effectively consider variation of these renewables in an AC optimal power flow-based nonlinear optimisation model. Moreover, the beneficial impact of active network management (ANM) on enhancing the renewable complementarity is also investigated. The combination of complementary hybrid generation and ANM, specifically where the maxima of the generation profiles rarely co-occur with each other and with the demand minimum, is found to make the best use of the network components.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ COREarrow_drop_down
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    Energies
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Energies
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    Energies
    Article . 2020
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ COREarrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Energies
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
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      Energies
      Article . 2020
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid bw Siamak Hoseinzadeh;
    Siamak Hoseinzadeh
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Siamak Hoseinzadeh in OpenAIRE
    orcid Daniele Groppi;
    Daniele Groppi
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Daniele Groppi in OpenAIRE
    Adriana Scarlet Sferra; orcid Umberto Di Matteo;
    Umberto Di Matteo
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Umberto Di Matteo in OpenAIRE
    +1 Authors

    Islands are a constrained environment due to their geographical peculiarities and their land use accounting for, especially in the touristic locations, strong variability during the year. Consequently, the variation of energy demand to be met by variable renewable energy leads to a complex issue. This study aims at investigating the PRISMI Plus approach applied to the Island of Procida to drive the transition towards low-carbon and high-renewable energy system. The toolkit involves the analysis of local renewable energy potential, their potential matching of the energy demand, and the prioritization of the technological solutions to achieve the decarbonization targets set by the energy planning strategies. Three scenarios are designed for 2030 considering low, middle, and high penetration of renewable energy in the systems, results indicate that the amount of power production in low, middle, and high penetration of renewable energy scenarios are 0.18, 14.5, 34.57 GWh/year, respectively. The environmental and landscape constraints lead to a restricted set of available solutions. The decarbonization of the electricity supply is foreseen thanks to the available local solar resources plus the electrification of other sectors, i.e. heating by using Heat Pumps and transport by using Electric Vehicles.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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    Energies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energies
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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      Energies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Antonio Mariani; Maria Laura Mastellone; orcid Biagio Morrone;
    Biagio Morrone
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Biagio Morrone in OpenAIRE
    orcid Maria Vittoria Prati;
    Maria Vittoria Prati
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Maria Vittoria Prati in OpenAIRE
    +1 Authors

    Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants are characterized by high efficiency and flexibility, as a result of a high degree of maturity. These systems are particularly suited for recovering energy from low temperature heat sources, such as exhaust heat from other plants. Despite ORCs having been assumed to be appropriate for stationary power plants, since their layout, size and weight constraints are less stringent, they represent a possible solution for improving the efficiency of propulsion systems for road transportation. The present paper investigates an ORC system recovering heat from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. A passenger car with a Diesel engine was tested over a Real Driving Emission (RDE) cycle. During the test exhaust gas mass flow rate and temperature have been measured, thus calculating the enthalpy stream content available as heat addition to ORC plant in actual driving conditions. Engine operating conditions during the test were discretized with a 10-point grid in the engine torque–speed plane. The ten discretized conditions were employed to evaluate the ORC power and the consequent engine efficiency increase in real driving conditions for the actual Rankine cycle. N-pentane (R601) was identified as the working fluid for ORC and R134a was employed as reference fluid for comparison purposes. The achievable power from the ORC system was calculated to be between 0.2 and 1.3 kW, with 13% system efficiency. The engine efficiency increment ranged from 2.0% to 7.5%, with an average efficiency increment of 4.6% over the RDE test.

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    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    CNR ExploRA
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      Energies
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    Authors: Yuanwei Zhu; Shengtao Li; orcid Daomin Min;
    Daomin Min
    ORCID
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    Daomin Min in OpenAIRE
    Shijun Li; +2 Authors

    Based on the existing acknowledgment that space charge modulates AC and DC breakdown of insulating materials, this investigation promotes the related investigation into the situations of more complex electrical stress, i.e., AC-DC combined voltages. Experimentally, the AC-DC breakdown characteristics of oil impregnated paper insulation were systematically investigated. The effects of pre-applied voltage waveform, AC component ratio, and sample thickness on AC-DC breakdown characteristics were analyzed. After that, based on an improved bipolar charge transport model, the space charge profiles and the space charge induced electric field distortion during AC-DC breakdown were numerically simulated to explain the differences in breakdown characteristics between the pre-applied AC and pre-applied DC methods under AC-DC combined voltages. It is concluded that large amounts of homo-charges are accumulated during AC-DC breakdown, which results in significantly distorted inner electric field, leading to variations of breakdown characteristics of oil impregnated paper insulation. Therefore, space charges under AC-DC combined voltages must be considered in the design of converter transformers. In addition, this investigation could provide supporting breakdown data for insulation design of converter transformers and could promote better understanding on the breakdown mechanism of insulating materials subjected to AC-DC combined voltages.

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    Energies
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    Authors: orcid Yujian Ye;
    Yujian Ye
    ORCID
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    Yujian Ye in OpenAIRE
    Yi Tang; Dawei Qiu; Goran Strbac; +1 Authors

    With the roll-out of smart meters and the increasing prevalence of distributed energy resources (DERs) at the residential level, end-users rely on home energy management systems (HEMSs) that can harness real-time data and employ artificial intelligence techniques to optimally manage the operation of different DERs, which are targeted toward minimizing the end-user’s energy bill. In this respect, the performance of the conventional model-based demand response (DR) management approach may deteriorate due to the inaccuracy of the employed DER operating models and the probabilistic modeling of uncertain parameters. To overcome the above drawbacks, this paper develops a novel real-time DR management strategy for a residential household based on the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) learning approach. This approach is model-free, and thus does not rely on knowledge of the distribution of uncertainties or the operating models and parameters of the DERs. It also enables learning of neural-network-based and fine-grained DR management policies in a multi-dimensional action space by exploiting high-dimensional sensory data that encapsulate the uncertainties associated with the renewable generation, appliances’ operating states, utility prices, and outdoor temperature. The proposed method is applied to the energy management problem for a household with a portfolio of the most prominent types of DERs. Case studies involving a real-world scenario are used to validate the superior performance of the proposed method in reducing the household’s energy costs while coping with the multi-source uncertainties through comprehensive comparisons with the state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methods.

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    Energies
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    Authors: Masilu Marupi; Munira Batool; Morteza Alizadeh; orcid Noor Zanib;
    Noor Zanib
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    Noor Zanib in OpenAIRE

    The global climate protection policy aimed at achieving a zero greenhouse gas emissions target has led to the fast incorporation of large-scale photovoltaics into the power network. The conventional AC grid was not modeled to be incorporated with large-scale non-synchronous inverter-based energy resources (IBR). Incorporating inertia-free IBR into the grid leads to technical issues such as the degradation of system strength and inertia, therefore affecting the safety and reliability of the electrical power system. This research introduced a new solution to incorporate a flywheel in the rotor of a synchronous machine to improve the dynamic inertia control during a system disruption and to maintain the constancy of the system. The objective of this work is to enhance large-scale photovoltaic systems in such a way that they can avoid failures during a fault. A model of transient constancy with two synchronous generators and a LSPV is established in PowerWorld modeling software. A line-to-ground and three-phase fault are simulated in a system with up to 50% IBR penetration. The outcomes showed that the power network was able to ride through faults (RTFs) and that the stability of frequency and voltage are enhanced because of a flywheel that improved grid inertia and strength.

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    Energies
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    Energies
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    Authors: orcid Marco Balato;
    Marco Balato
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    Marco Balato in OpenAIRE
    orcid Carlo Petrarca;
    Carlo Petrarca
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    Carlo Petrarca in OpenAIRE
    orcid Annalisa Liccardo;
    Annalisa Liccardo
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    Annalisa Liccardo in OpenAIRE
    Martina Botti; +1 Authors

    Mismatching operating conditions affect the energetic performance of PhotoVoltaic (PV) systems because they decrease their efficiency and reliability. The two different approaches used to overcome this problem are Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (DMPPT) architecture and reconfigurable PV array architecture. These techniques can be considered not only as alternatives but can be combined to reach better performance. To this aim, the present paper presents a new algorithm, based on the joint action of the DMPPT and reconfiguration approaches, applied to a reconfigurable Series-Parallel-Series architecture, which is suitable for domestic PV application. The core of the algorithm is a deterministic cluster analysis based on the shape of the current vs. voltage characteristic of a single PV module combined with its DC/DC converter to perform the DMPPT function. Experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and to demonstrate evidence of its major advantages: robustness, simplicity of implementation and time-saving.

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    Energies
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    Authors: orcid Daniele Cocco;
    Daniele Cocco
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    Lorenzo Lecis; orcid Davide Micheletto;
    Davide Micheletto
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    Davide Micheletto in OpenAIRE

    The aim of this paper is to evaluate the overall life cycle environmental impact of an adiabatic compressed air energy storage (ACAES) system, which is designed to achieve the best match between the power production of a photovoltaic (PV) power plant and the power demand from the final user. The electrical energy demand of a small town, with a maximum power load of about 10 MW, is considered a case study. The ACAES system is designed with a compressor-rated power of about 10 MW and charging and discharging times of 10 and 24 h, respectively. Different sizes of the PV plant, ranging from 20 to 40 MWp, and two different solutions for the compressed air storage, an underground cavern, and a gas pipeline, are analyzed. The aim of this analysis is to compare the impacts on human health, ecosystem quality, climate change, and resource consumption of the PV power generation plant and the integrated PV-ACAES system with those of a reference scenario in which the end user demand is met entirely by the grid. The best results in terms of a reduction in environmental impact in comparison to the reference scenario are obtained for a small PV plant (20 MW) without the ACAES section, with reductions of about 85–95% depending on the category of impact. The integration of the ACAES system improves energy self-consumption but worsens the environmental impact, especially for air storage in gas pipelines. The best configuration in terms of environmental impact is based on a 30 MW PV plant integrated with an ACAES section using an underground cavern for air storage and allows for improvements in the energy self-consumption of between 38% and 61%, with a reduction in the environmental impact compared to the reference scenario of about 80–91% depending on the impact category.

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    Authors: orcid Mattia Colacicco;
    Mattia Colacicco
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    orcid Cosetta Ciliberti;
    Cosetta Ciliberti
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Cosetta Ciliberti in OpenAIRE
    orcid Gennaro Agrimi;
    Gennaro Agrimi
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Gennaro Agrimi in OpenAIRE
    Antonino Biundo; +1 Authors

    The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is an industrially relevant microorganism, which is able to convert low-value wastes into different high-value, bio-based products, such as enzymes, lipids, and other important metabolites. Waste cooking oil (WCO) represents one of the main streams generated in the food supply chain, especially from the domestic sector. The need to avoid its incorrect disposal makes this waste a resource for developing bioprocesses in the perspective of a circular bioeconomy. To this end, the strain Y. lipolytica W29 was used as a platform for the simultaneous production of intracellular lipids and extracellular lipases. Three different minimal media conditions with different pH controls were utilized in a small-scale (50 mL final volume) screening strategy, and the best condition was tested for an up-scaling procedure in higher volumes (800 mL) by selecting the best-performing possibility. The tested media were constituted by YNB media with high nitrogen restriction (1 g L−1 (NH4)2SO4) and different carbon sources (3% w v−1 glucose and 10% v v−1 WCO) with different levels of pH controls. Lipase production and SCO content were analyzed. A direct correlation was found between decreasing FFA availability in the media and increasing SCO levels and lipase activity. The simultaneous production of extracellular lipase (1.164 ± 0.025 U mL−1) and intracellular single-cell oil accumulation by Y. lipolytica W29 growing on WCO demonstrates the potential and the industrial relevance of this biorefinery model.

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    Energies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Energies
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2022
      Data sources: DOAJ
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