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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Perrotti, Daniela;

    L'articolo esplora un'ipotesi fondamentale: considerare la ruralità urbana nei termini di "piattaforma di sperimentazione" di un nuovo modello di sostenibilità. L'approccio elaborato si fonda su due fasi complementari: un'analisi critica e una lettura prospettica di un'esperienza "rurbana" nella regione Lombardia. Lo studio focalizza in primo luogo su un progetto pilota del 2006 e, in secondo luogo, sulle successive evoluzioni degli strumenti di pianificazione strategica sviluppati dalla Provincia di Milano nell'ambito del Parco Agricolo Sud. Tali strumenti pianificazione sono analizzati e valutati a partire dalle loro ricadute sul contesto socio-politico in cui il Parco si iscrive e attraverso una revisione critica della nozione di "sostenibilità". Particolare importanza è accordata alla valutazione della dimensione sociale delle politiche energetiche adottate nel contesto di studio.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Article . 2015
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: D'AURIA, FRANCESCO SAVERIO; FRUTTUOSO G; GALASSI G. M; GALEAZZI S; +4 Authors
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio della Ricer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio della Ricer...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: BIANCHI, Giampaolo; S. Cavalleri; A. D'Amico; C. Tallarigo; +2 Authors

    Since many years renal cysts have been treated by percutaneous puncture and successive aspiration. The introduction of various sclerosing substances has been associated with this manoeuvre. In our study we examined 44 patients with renal cysts submitted to percutaneous puncture, aspiration and injection with 95% ethanol. We thought right to leave a small pig tail catheter so that the sclerosing substance could be easily and completely eliminated allowing the adhesion of the cystic walls in the following days, without any accumulation of cystic and/or exudative liquid. The follow up (12-24 months) has shown no relapsing in 40/44 cases. Only in 4 patients a cyst was present, but with dimensions lower than 30% of the original volume.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS - Università de...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS - Università de...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Pollo A; Rinaldi S; Zampollo A; Chiarle M; +2 Authors

    Air temperature is one of the most important variables of high altitude mountain climate, however it is often difficult to measure it because of the shortage of active weather stations. In order to estimate this variable locally and accurately, it may be useful to refer to data from the lowest altitude weather stations and to apply the local vertical thermal gradient. From semi-hourly or hourly temperatures, monthly and seasonal vertical thermal gradients were calculated. In all cases, we obtained different values from the standard thermal gradient: they oscillate on average between -1.2 ° C / 100 m and 1.9 ° C / 100 m. The average monthly and seasonal values vary considerably between the pairs of stations studied. A better knowledge of the temperature of high altitude zones allows the realization of models of spatial distribution of temperatures at fine scales, which are crucial for scientific research.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IRIS Cnr
    Conference object . 2018
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    CNR ExploRA
    Conference object . 2018
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IRIS Cnr
      Conference object . 2018
      Data sources: IRIS Cnr
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      Conference object . 2018
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  • Authors: Maurizio Bacci (1) Katiellou Gatpia Lawan (2);

    Le Niger est soumis à un climat de type sahélien et il est caractérisé par une pluviométrie faible, variable dans l'espace et dans le temps, des températures élevées et des vents violents, tendant à accentuer son aridité. Le pays subit un processus de désertification, parfois irréversible, accentué depuis une trentaine d'années. Les raisons de cette évolution tiennent à deux facteurs convergents : série de sécheresses qui se sont succédées au Sahel depuis la fin des années 60 (1973-1974, 1983-1984 et 2004-2005) et accroissement de la population avec un taux annuel qui dépasse le 3% (PANA 2006). La production agricole, structurellement vulnérable aux risques climatiques, subit des pertes plus ou moins importantes selon la disponibilité d'eau et les stratégies de mitigation mises en place par les agriculteurs. Les retards dans l'installation de la saison des pluies engendrent des risques d'achèvement du cycle de la culture du mil et du sorgho, cycle que dans la région est d'environ 90-120 jours, et ils produisent aussi des difficultés d'organisation du travail des champs. Le but du chapitre est fournir un cadre climatique adressé aux risques agronomiques des céréales. Ce chapitre analyse les conditions climatiques qui influencent les principales cultures céréalières de la région Tillabéri, notamment le mil et le sorgho.

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    Part of book or chapter of book . 2016
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      Part of book or chapter of book . 2016
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Srairi, Mohamed Taher; Chatellier, Vincent; Corniaux, Christian; Faye, Bernard; +5 Authors

    La filière laitière occupe une place importante à l’échelle mondiale, en termes de contribution à l’occupation des surfaces agricoles, aux emplois et à la création de richesse. La production laitière, qui résulte de modèles productifs très variés d’un pays à l’autre et qui relève d’espèces animales aux caractéristiques différentes, a considérablement augmenté au cours des dernières décennies. Le développement futur de la production laitière est soumis à différentes contraintes qui interrogent sur les voies à privilégier dans une optique de durabilité. Dans ce cadre, la première partie de cet article présente la dynamique du secteur laitier, en termes de consommation et de production, et ce, pour différentes grandes zones géographiques ; la seconde traite de la durabilité du secteur laitier, principalement dans les pays en développement, au travers d’une sélection de trois thèmes : la dimension sociale (souvent oubliée) et la nécessité d’intégrer les questions de genre ; l’usage durable des ressources hydriques en l’illustrant au travers de deux situations contrastées, celle du Maroc et de l’Inde ; la biodiversité et l’importance de la contribution des laits non bovins au développement local. La troisième partie rappelle que les échanges internationaux permettent, pour de nombreux pays déficitaires en lait, de satisfaire la demande intérieure. The dairy sector occupies an important place worldwide, in terms of contribution to agricultural land use, jobs and wealth creation. Dairy production results from varied production models from one country to another and is based on animal species with different characteristics. It has increased dramatically in recent decades. The future development of milk production is subject to various constraints that question the best ways of achieving sustainability. In this context, the first part of this article presents the dynamics of the dairy sector in terms of consumption and production in various major geographical areas. The second part deals with the sustainability of the dairy sector, mainly in developing countries, through a selection of three themes: i- the social dimension (often forgotten) and the need to mainstream gender issues; ii- the sustainable use of water resources in Morocco and India, chosen to illustrate two contrasting situations; iii- biodiversity and the essential contribution of non-bovine milks to local development. The third part recalls that international trade exchanges make it possible for many countries with a deficit in milk to meet domestic demand.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Clermont Univers...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL INRAE
    Review . 2019
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Clermont Univers...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Review . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Girolamo PANOZZO; Paolo BISON; Abdramane BA; Stefano ROSSI;

    Le transport réfrigéré de denrées périssables en Europe est réglementée par l'ATP. Cet accord, publié en 1970, est entré en vigueur en 1976 après ratification par les cinq premiers pays signataires. En fait, l'ATP est conçue pour l'Europe centrale. Par conséquent, pour une utilisation dans des climats différents (Afrique du Nord, Tropique, Equateur,...), vous devez prendre en compte les différents paramètres pour répondre correctement à des conditions climatiques différentes. La charge thermique d'un véhicule isolé est déterminée par échange convectif avec l'air et par le rayonnement solaire direct et indirect (rayonnement des surfaces planes environnants chauffées par le soleil). Ces deux facteurs sont fonction de la latitude et modifient les bilans thermiques d'une caisse isolée par rapport à la situation des pays tempérés. Nous choisissons 5 emplacements d'échantillons pour lesquels calculer la charge thermique maximale (Tableau 1). Prenons le pire des cas pour la charge thermique: un véhicule en stationnement, en plein soleil, qui est affecté par l'irradiation de l'asphalte. Sur la base de tableau ci-dessus dans les pays chauds (situation intermédiaire entre Nairobi et Bamako), on devrait demander une catégorie de véhicules avec une super isolation plus renforcée que celles actuellement en cours d'utilisation. Vous pourriez penser à un changement de format de palette permettant d'augmenter l'épaisseur des parois isolées. Cette solution permettrait d'utiliser les courants matériaux d'isolation (polyuréthane et le polystyrène) ou d'utiliser des matériaux biologiques natifs. The refrigerated transport of perishable goods in Europe is regulated by the ATP. This agreement, issued in 1970, entered into force in 1976 after ratification by the first five signatory countries. In fact, the ATP is designed for Central Europe. Therefore, for the use in different climates (North Africa, Tropic, Equator, etc.), the parameters to respond correctly to the different climatic conditions should be taken into account. The thermal load of an insulated vehicle is determined by convective exchange with the air and by direct and indirect solar radiation (radiation from surrounding flat surfaces heated by the sun). These two factors are a function of the latitude and modify the heat balance of an insulated box in comparison to the scenario in temperate countries. We choose five sample locations for which to calculate the maximum heat load (Table 1). We take the worst case for calculating the thermal load: a parked vehicle, in direct sunlight, which is affected by the irradiation of the asphalt. Based on the table above in hot countries (intermediate situation between Nairobi and Bamako), a category of vehicles with more reinforced insulation should be preferred to those currently in use. A change in pallet format to increase the thickness of the insulated walls could be proposed. This solution would make it possible to use common insulation materials (polyurethane and polystyrene) or to use native biological materials.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Conference object . 2023
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Leroyer, Sylvie;

    En vue de comprendre et prévoir les modes de dispersion des polluants émis dans les zones urbanisées, des simulations numériques sont menées à haute résolution. L'objectif est de reproduire les caractéristiques atmosphériques au-dessus d'un milieu complexe urbanisé. On a développé une méthode précise de mise en œuvre des simulations numériques de l'atmosphère urbaine à haute résolution spatiale en se basant sur trois outils complémentaires, optimisés sur l'exemple de Marseille : le modèle atmosphérique SUBMESO, en mode SGE (simulation des grandes échelles), le modèle de sol pour les échelles sub-meso urbanisé SM2-U, le logiciel de cartographie des caractéristiques morphologiques de la canopée urbaine DFMap. Pour pouvoir simuler l'atmosphère de villes côtières, on a développé et validé une méthode de calcul des flux à l'interface mer – atmosphère adaptée aux données de température disponibles par mesure ou télédétection. Une étude de sensibilité est ensuite menée sur une configuration académique de ville dans son environnement rural et/ou côtier, à l'aide de douze simulations permettant d'évaluer les rétroactions entre le modèle de sol et le modèle atmosphérique. Cinq autres simulations sont effectuées sur la région marseillaise au cours d'une période d'observation intensive de la campagne expérimentale CLU – ESCOMPTE, avec trois grilles emboîtées, permettant la première validation du couple SUBMESO – SM2-U, l'analyse des interactions entre la ville, les systèmes de brise et la topographie, et aussi l'étude des champs turbulents à très haute résolution. La méthode développée peut être utilisée pour l'étude de la qualité de l'air d'autres agglomérations. In view of understanding and forecasting pollutant dispersion in urban areas, high resolution numerical simulations are performed. The aim is to reproduce atmospheric characteristics above complex urbanised site. An accurate method is developed to implement numerical simulations of the urban atmosphere based on three complementary tools, optimized on Marseille agglomeration example: the atmospheric Large Eddy Simulation model SUBMESO and the soil model for sub-meso scales, urban, SM2-U, and the DFMap software to map the morphological characteristics of urban fabrics. In order to simulate the atmosphere of coastal cities, a method to compute the fluxes at the sea - atmosphere interface is developing developed and validated. A sensitivity study is then carried on an academic configuration of a city and its rural and/or coastal environment, based on twelve simulations, in order to evaluate the retroactions of the soil and atmospheric models. Five other simulations of the Marseille area are performed with three nested grids during an intense observation period of the UBL – ESCOMPTE experimental campaign, allowing the first validation of the SUBMESO – SM2-U couple, an analysis of the interactions between the city, the breeze systems and the topography, and also very high resolution study of turbulent parameters. This method may be used to study the air quality of other urban areas.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2006
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hal
      Doctoral thesis . 2006
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • Authors: Maurizio Bacci (1) Katiellou Gatpia Lawan (2) Moussa Mouhaimouni (2);

    La plus part de la région Tillabéri au Niger (89 623 km2, 2.7 millions d'habitants au 2012 selon INS 2014) est aride et semidésertique. La région est l'une des zones les plus chaudes du globe. Les dernier record de température du Pays est de 48,3°C et a été observé le 7 mai 2010 à Tillabéri, chef-lieu de la région. La pluviométrie est concentrée dans une seule saison humide entre juin et septembre avec des valeurs comprises entre 250 mm et 700 mm en moyenne par an avec un gradient sud-nord. La région a été frappée par plusieurs catastrophes hydrométéorologiques dans les dernières années. Le traitement du risque catastrophe à la méso et micro échelle nécessite une identification scientifique de l'aléa climatique pour mesurer et hiérarchiser les risques et mieux identifier les mesures de réduction. L'objectif du chapitre est de caractériser la dynamique actuelle et future du climat de la région Tillabéri. Par conséquent le chapitre fait l'état du climat (précipitations, températures et phénomènes extrêmes), des changements observés au fil du temps et des scénarios futurs.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Vieri Tarchiani; Maurizio Tiepolo;

    Dans le Sahel de l'Ouest, la planification climatique n'a guère progressé. Cet ouvrage propose de renforcer la planification locale avec des outils d'aide à la décision. Le cas d'application est la région de Tillabéri au Niger, avec la ville de Niamey en son coeur : 95000 km2 et 4 millions d'habitants, déjà frappés par des inondations et des sécheresses catastrophiques. Le livre caractérise le climat, présente les changements attendus aux horizons 2025 et 2050.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IRIS Cnr
    Book . 2016
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Perrotti, Daniela;

    L'articolo esplora un'ipotesi fondamentale: considerare la ruralità urbana nei termini di "piattaforma di sperimentazione" di un nuovo modello di sostenibilità. L'approccio elaborato si fonda su due fasi complementari: un'analisi critica e una lettura prospettica di un'esperienza "rurbana" nella regione Lombardia. Lo studio focalizza in primo luogo su un progetto pilota del 2006 e, in secondo luogo, sulle successive evoluzioni degli strumenti di pianificazione strategica sviluppati dalla Provincia di Milano nell'ambito del Parco Agricolo Sud. Tali strumenti pianificazione sono analizzati e valutati a partire dalle loro ricadute sul contesto socio-politico in cui il Parco si iscrive e attraverso una revisione critica della nozione di "sostenibilità". Particolare importanza è accordata alla valutazione della dimensione sociale delle politiche energetiche adottate nel contesto di studio.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    OpenEdition
    Article . 2015
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      OpenEdition
      Article . 2015
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: D'AURIA, FRANCESCO SAVERIO; FRUTTUOSO G; GALASSI G. M; GALEAZZI S; +4 Authors
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio della Ricer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio della Ricer...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: BIANCHI, Giampaolo; S. Cavalleri; A. D'Amico; C. Tallarigo; +2 Authors

    Since many years renal cysts have been treated by percutaneous puncture and successive aspiration. The introduction of various sclerosing substances has been associated with this manoeuvre. In our study we examined 44 patients with renal cysts submitted to percutaneous puncture, aspiration and injection with 95% ethanol. We thought right to leave a small pig tail catheter so that the sclerosing substance could be easily and completely eliminated allowing the adhesion of the cystic walls in the following days, without any accumulation of cystic and/or exudative liquid. The follow up (12-24 months) has shown no relapsing in 40/44 cases. Only in 4 patients a cyst was present, but with dimensions lower than 30% of the original volume.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS - Università de...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS - Università de...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Pollo A; Rinaldi S; Zampollo A; Chiarle M; +2 Authors

    Air temperature is one of the most important variables of high altitude mountain climate, however it is often difficult to measure it because of the shortage of active weather stations. In order to estimate this variable locally and accurately, it may be useful to refer to data from the lowest altitude weather stations and to apply the local vertical thermal gradient. From semi-hourly or hourly temperatures, monthly and seasonal vertical thermal gradients were calculated. In all cases, we obtained different values from the standard thermal gradient: they oscillate on average between -1.2 ° C / 100 m and 1.9 ° C / 100 m. The average monthly and seasonal values vary considerably between the pairs of stations studied. A better knowledge of the temperature of high altitude zones allows the realization of models of spatial distribution of temperatures at fine scales, which are crucial for scientific research.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Conference object . 2018
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
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  • Authors: Maurizio Bacci (1) Katiellou Gatpia Lawan (2);

    Le Niger est soumis à un climat de type sahélien et il est caractérisé par une pluviométrie faible, variable dans l'espace et dans le temps, des températures élevées et des vents violents, tendant à accentuer son aridité. Le pays subit un processus de désertification, parfois irréversible, accentué depuis une trentaine d'années. Les raisons de cette évolution tiennent à deux facteurs convergents : série de sécheresses qui se sont succédées au Sahel depuis la fin des années 60 (1973-1974, 1983-1984 et 2004-2005) et accroissement de la population avec un taux annuel qui dépasse le 3% (PANA 2006). La production agricole, structurellement vulnérable aux risques climatiques, subit des pertes plus ou moins importantes selon la disponibilité d'eau et les stratégies de mitigation mises en place par les agriculteurs. Les retards dans l'installation de la saison des pluies engendrent des risques d'achèvement du cycle de la culture du mil et du sorgho, cycle que dans la région est d'environ 90-120 jours, et ils produisent aussi des difficultés d'organisation du travail des champs. Le but du chapitre est fournir un cadre climatique adressé aux risques agronomiques des céréales. Ce chapitre analyse les conditions climatiques qui influencent les principales cultures céréalières de la région Tillabéri, notamment le mil et le sorgho.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Srairi, Mohamed Taher; Chatellier, Vincent; Corniaux, Christian; Faye, Bernard; +5 Authors

    La filière laitière occupe une place importante à l’échelle mondiale, en termes de contribution à l’occupation des surfaces agricoles, aux emplois et à la création de richesse. La production laitière, qui résulte de modèles productifs très variés d’un pays à l’autre et qui relève d’espèces animales aux caractéristiques différentes, a considérablement augmenté au cours des dernières décennies. Le développement futur de la production laitière est soumis à différentes contraintes qui interrogent sur les voies à privilégier dans une optique de durabilité. Dans ce cadre, la première partie de cet article présente la dynamique du secteur laitier, en termes de consommation et de production, et ce, pour différentes grandes zones géographiques ; la seconde traite de la durabilité du secteur laitier, principalement dans les pays en développement, au travers d’une sélection de trois thèmes : la dimension sociale (souvent oubliée) et la nécessité d’intégrer les questions de genre ; l’usage durable des ressources hydriques en l’illustrant au travers de deux situations contrastées, celle du Maroc et de l’Inde ; la biodiversité et l’importance de la contribution des laits non bovins au développement local. La troisième partie rappelle que les échanges internationaux permettent, pour de nombreux pays déficitaires en lait, de satisfaire la demande intérieure. The dairy sector occupies an important place worldwide, in terms of contribution to agricultural land use, jobs and wealth creation. Dairy production results from varied production models from one country to another and is based on animal species with different characteristics. It has increased dramatically in recent decades. The future development of milk production is subject to various constraints that question the best ways of achieving sustainability. In this context, the first part of this article presents the dynamics of the dairy sector in terms of consumption and production in various major geographical areas. The second part deals with the sustainability of the dairy sector, mainly in developing countries, through a selection of three themes: i- the social dimension (often forgotten) and the need to mainstream gender issues; ii- the sustainable use of water resources in Morocco and India, chosen to illustrate two contrasting situations; iii- biodiversity and the essential contribution of non-bovine milks to local development. The third part recalls that international trade exchanges make it possible for many countries with a deficit in milk to meet domestic demand.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Girolamo PANOZZO; Paolo BISON; Abdramane BA; Stefano ROSSI;

    Le transport réfrigéré de denrées périssables en Europe est réglementée par l'ATP. Cet accord, publié en 1970, est entré en vigueur en 1976 après ratification par les cinq premiers pays signataires. En fait, l'ATP est conçue pour l'Europe centrale. Par conséquent, pour une utilisation dans des climats différents (Afrique du Nord, Tropique, Equateur,...), vous devez prendre en compte les différents paramètres pour répondre correctement à des conditions climatiques différentes. La charge thermique d'un véhicule isolé est déterminée par échange convectif avec l'air et par le rayonnement solaire direct et indirect (rayonnement des surfaces planes environnants chauffées par le soleil). Ces deux facteurs sont fonction de la latitude et modifient les bilans thermiques d'une caisse isolée par rapport à la situation des pays tempérés. Nous choisissons 5 emplacements d'échantillons pour lesquels calculer la charge thermique maximale (Tableau 1). Prenons le pire des cas pour la charge thermique: un véhicule en stationnement, en plein soleil, qui est affecté par l'irradiation de l'asphalte. Sur la base de tableau ci-dessus dans les pays chauds (situation intermédiaire entre Nairobi et Bamako), on devrait demander une catégorie de véhicules avec une super isolation plus renforcée que celles actuellement en cours d'utilisation. Vous pourriez penser à un changement de format de palette permettant d'augmenter l'épaisseur des parois isolées. Cette solution permettrait d'utiliser les courants matériaux d'isolation (polyuréthane et le polystyrène) ou d'utiliser des matériaux biologiques natifs. The refrigerated transport of perishable goods in Europe is regulated by the ATP. This agreement, issued in 1970, entered into force in 1976 after ratification by the first five signatory countries. In fact, the ATP is designed for Central Europe. Therefore, for the use in different climates (North Africa, Tropic, Equator, etc.), the parameters to respond correctly to the different climatic conditions should be taken into account. The thermal load of an insulated vehicle is determined by convective exchange with the air and by direct and indirect solar radiation (radiation from surrounding flat surfaces heated by the sun). These two factors are a function of the latitude and modify the heat balance of an insulated box in comparison to the scenario in temperate countries. We choose five sample locations for which to calculate the maximum heat load (Table 1). We take the worst case for calculating the thermal load: a parked vehicle, in direct sunlight, which is affected by the irradiation of the asphalt. Based on the table above in hot countries (intermediate situation between Nairobi and Bamako), a category of vehicles with more reinforced insulation should be preferred to those currently in use. A change in pallet format to increase the thickness of the insulated walls could be proposed. This solution would make it possible to use common insulation materials (polyurethane and polystyrene) or to use native biological materials.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Leroyer, Sylvie;

    En vue de comprendre et prévoir les modes de dispersion des polluants émis dans les zones urbanisées, des simulations numériques sont menées à haute résolution. L'objectif est de reproduire les caractéristiques atmosphériques au-dessus d'un milieu complexe urbanisé. On a développé une méthode précise de mise en œuvre des simulations numériques de l'atmosphère urbaine à haute résolution spatiale en se basant sur trois outils complémentaires, optimisés sur l'exemple de Marseille : le modèle atmosphérique SUBMESO, en mode SGE (simulation des grandes échelles), le modèle de sol pour les échelles sub-meso urbanisé SM2-U, le logiciel de cartographie des caractéristiques morphologiques de la canopée urbaine DFMap. Pour pouvoir simuler l'atmosphère de villes côtières, on a développé et validé une méthode de calcul des flux à l'interface mer – atmosphère adaptée aux données de température disponibles par mesure ou télédétection. Une étude de sensibilité est ensuite menée sur une configuration académique de ville dans son environnement rural et/ou côtier, à l'aide de douze simulations permettant d'évaluer les rétroactions entre le modèle de sol et le modèle atmosphérique. Cinq autres simulations sont effectuées sur la région marseillaise au cours d'une période d'observation intensive de la campagne expérimentale CLU – ESCOMPTE, avec trois grilles emboîtées, permettant la première validation du couple SUBMESO – SM2-U, l'analyse des interactions entre la ville, les systèmes de brise et la topographie, et aussi l'étude des champs turbulents à très haute résolution. La méthode développée peut être utilisée pour l'étude de la qualité de l'air d'autres agglomérations. In view of understanding and forecasting pollutant dispersion in urban areas, high resolution numerical simulations are performed. The aim is to reproduce atmospheric characteristics above complex urbanised site. An accurate method is developed to implement numerical simulations of the urban atmosphere based on three complementary tools, optimized on Marseille agglomeration example: the atmospheric Large Eddy Simulation model SUBMESO and the soil model for sub-meso scales, urban, SM2-U, and the DFMap software to map the morphological characteristics of urban fabrics. In order to simulate the atmosphere of coastal cities, a method to compute the fluxes at the sea - atmosphere interface is developing developed and validated. A sensitivity study is then carried on an academic configuration of a city and its rural and/or coastal environment, based on twelve simulations, in order to evaluate the retroactions of the soil and atmospheric models. Five other simulations of the Marseille area are performed with three nested grids during an intense observation period of the UBL – ESCOMPTE experimental campaign, allowing the first validation of the SUBMESO – SM2-U couple, an analysis of the interactions between the city, the breeze systems and the topography, and also very high resolution study of turbulent parameters. This method may be used to study the air quality of other urban areas.

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  • Authors: Maurizio Bacci (1) Katiellou Gatpia Lawan (2) Moussa Mouhaimouni (2);

    La plus part de la région Tillabéri au Niger (89 623 km2, 2.7 millions d'habitants au 2012 selon INS 2014) est aride et semidésertique. La région est l'une des zones les plus chaudes du globe. Les dernier record de température du Pays est de 48,3°C et a été observé le 7 mai 2010 à Tillabéri, chef-lieu de la région. La pluviométrie est concentrée dans une seule saison humide entre juin et septembre avec des valeurs comprises entre 250 mm et 700 mm en moyenne par an avec un gradient sud-nord. La région a été frappée par plusieurs catastrophes hydrométéorologiques dans les dernières années. Le traitement du risque catastrophe à la méso et micro échelle nécessite une identification scientifique de l'aléa climatique pour mesurer et hiérarchiser les risques et mieux identifier les mesures de réduction. L'objectif du chapitre est de caractériser la dynamique actuelle et future du climat de la région Tillabéri. Par conséquent le chapitre fait l'état du climat (précipitations, températures et phénomènes extrêmes), des changements observés au fil du temps et des scénarios futurs.

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    Authors: Vieri Tarchiani; Maurizio Tiepolo;

    Dans le Sahel de l'Ouest, la planification climatique n'a guère progressé. Cet ouvrage propose de renforcer la planification locale avec des outils d'aide à la décision. Le cas d'application est la région de Tillabéri au Niger, avec la ville de Niamey en son coeur : 95000 km2 et 4 millions d'habitants, déjà frappés par des inondations et des sécheresses catastrophiques. Le livre caractérise le climat, présente les changements attendus aux horizons 2025 et 2050.

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      Book . 2016
      Data sources: CNR ExploRA
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