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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid bw Zoltan Szantoi;
    Zoltan Szantoi
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Zoltan Szantoi in OpenAIRE
    Nicholas B.W. Macfarlane; orcid Truly Santika;
    Truly Santika
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Truly Santika in OpenAIRE
    orcid Serge A. Wich;
    Serge A. Wich
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Serge A. Wich in OpenAIRE
    +28 Authors

    La réalisation des objectifs de développement durable (ODD) nécessite d'équilibrer les demandes en terres entre l'agriculture (ODD 2) et la biodiversité (ODD 15).La production d'huiles végétales, et en particulier d'huile de palme, illustre ces demandes concurrentes et ces compromis.L' huile de palme représente ~40 % de la demande annuelle mondiale actuelle d'huile végétale pour l'alimentation humaine, animale et pour le carburant (210 millions de tonnes (Mt)), mais le palmier à huile planté couvre moins de 5 à 5,5 % de la superficie totale des cultures oléagineuses mondiales (environ 425 Mha), en raison des rendements relativement élevés du palmier à huile.L' expansion récente du palmier à huile dans les régions boisées de Bornéo, de Sumatra et de la péninsule malaise, où plus de 90 % de l'huile de palme mondiale est produite, a suscité de vives inquiétudes quant au rôle du palmier à huile dans la déforestation.La contribution directe de l'expansion du palmier à huile à la déforestation tropicale régionale varie considérablement, allant de 3 % en Afrique de l'Ouest à 47 % en Malaisie.Le palmier à huile est également impliqué dans le drainage et la combustion des tourbières en Asie du Sud-Est.Les impacts environnementaux négatifs documentés d'une telle expansion comprennent le déclin de la biodiversité, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et la pollution atmosphérique.Toutefois, le palmier à huile produit généralement plus l'huile par superficie par rapport aux autres cultures oléagineuses, est souvent économiquement viable sur des sites inadaptés à la plupart des autres cultures, et génère une richesse considérable pour au moins certains acteurs. La demande mondiale d'huiles végétales devrait augmenter de 46 % d'ici 2050. Répondre à cette demande par une expansion supplémentaire du palmier à huile par rapport à d'autres cultures d'huile végétale entraînera des effets différentiels substantiels sur la biodiversité, la sécurité alimentaire, le changement climatique, la dégradation des terres et les moyens de subsistance. Notre examen souligne que, bien que des lacunes importantes subsistent dans notre compréhension de la relation entre les impacts environnementaux, socioculturels et économiques du palmier à huile, et la portée, la rigueur et l'efficacité des initiatives visant à y remédier, il y a eu peu de recherches sur les impacts et les compromis des autres cultures d'huile végétale. Une plus grande attention de la recherche doit être accordée à l'étude des impacts de la production d'huile de palme par rapport aux alternatives pour les compromis à évaluer à l'échelle mondiale. El cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) requiere equilibrar las demandas de tierras entre la agricultura (ODS 2) y la biodiversidad (ODS 15). La producción de aceites vegetales, y en particular el aceite de palma, ilustra estas demandas y compensaciones competitivas. El aceite de palma representa aproximadamente el 40% de la demanda anual mundial actual de aceite vegetal como alimento, pienso y combustible (210 millones de toneladas (Mt)), pero la palma aceitera plantada cubre menos del 5-5,5% del área total de cultivos oleaginosos mundiales (aprox. 425 Mha). debido a los rendimientos relativamente altos de la palma aceitera. La reciente expansión de la palma aceitera en las regiones boscosas de Borneo, Sumatra y la Península Malaya, donde se produce más del 90% del aceite de palma mundial, ha generado una preocupación sustancial sobre el papel de la palma aceitera en la deforestación. La contribución directa de la expansión de la palma aceitera a la deforestación tropical regional varía ampliamente, desde el 3% en África occidental hasta el 47% en Malasia. La palma aceitera también está implicada en el drenaje y la quema de turberas en el sudeste asiático. Los impactos ambientales negativos documentados de dicha expansión incluyen la disminución de la biodiversidad, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y la contaminación del aire. Sin embargo, la palma aceitera generalmente produce más. aceite por área que otros cultivos oleaginosos, a menudo es económicamente viable en sitios inadecuados para la mayoría de los otros cultivos y genera una riqueza considerable para al menos algunos actores. Se proyecta que la demanda mundial de aceites vegetales aumentará en un 46% para 2050. Satisfacer esta demanda a través de una expansión adicional de la palma aceitera frente a otros cultivos de aceite vegetal conducirá a efectos diferenciales sustanciales en la biodiversidad, la seguridad alimentaria, el cambio climático, la degradación de la tierra y los medios de vida. Nuestra revisión destaca que, aunque quedan brechas sustanciales en nuestra comprensión de la relación entre los impactos ambientales, socioculturales y económicos de la palma aceitera, y el alcance, la rigurosidad y la efectividad de las iniciativas para abordarlos, ha habido poca investigación sobre los impactos y las compensaciones de otros cultivos de aceite vegetal. Se debe prestar mayor atención a la investigación para investigar los impactos de la producción de aceite de palma en comparación con las alternativas para las compensaciones que se evaluarán a escala mundial. Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing demands on land between agriculture (SDG 2) and biodiversity (SDG 15).The production of vegetable oils, and in particular palm oil, illustrates these competing demands and trade-offs.Palm oil accounts for ~40% of the current global annual demand for vegetable oil as food, animal feed, and fuel (210 million tons (Mt)), but planted oil palm covers less than 5-5.5% of the total global oil crop area (ca.425 Mha), due to oil palm's relatively high yields.Recent oil palm expansion in forested regions of Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula, where >90% of global palm oil is produced, has led to substantial concern around oil palm's role in deforestation.Oil palm expansion's direct contribution to regional tropical deforestation varies widely, ranging from 3% in West Africa to 47% in Malaysia.Oil palm is also implicated in peatland draining and burning in Southeast Asia.Documented negative environmental impacts from such expansion include biodiversity declines, greenhouse gas emissions, and air pollution.However, oil palm generally produces more oil per area than other oil crops, is often economically viable in sites unsuitable for most other crops, and generates considerable wealth for at least some actors.Global demand for vegetable oils is projected to increase by 46% by 2050.Meeting this demand through additional expansion of oil palm versus other vegetable oil crops will lead to substantial differential effects on biodiversity, food security, climate change, land degradation, and livelihoods.Our review highlights that, although substantial gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between the environmental, socio-cultural and economic impacts of oil palm, and the scope, stringency and effectiveness of initiatives to address these, there has been little research into the impacts and trade-offs of other vegetable oil crops.Greater research attention needs to be given to investigating the impacts of palm oil production compared to alternatives for the trade-offs to be assessed at a global scale. يتطلب تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة (SDGs) موازنة الطلب على الأراضي بين الزراعة (SDG 2) والتنوع البيولوجي (SDG 15). يوضح إنتاج الزيوت النباتية، ولا سيما زيت النخيل، هذه المطالب والمقايضات المتنافسة. يمثل زيت النخيل حوالي40 ٪ من الطلب السنوي العالمي الحالي على الزيوت النباتية كغذاء وعلف حيواني ووقود (210 مليون طن متري)، لكن نخيل الزيت المزروع يغطي أقل من 5-5.5 ٪ من إجمالي مساحة محصول النفط العالمي (حوالي 425 مليون هكتار)، بسبب غلة نخيل الزيت المرتفعة نسبيًا. أدى التوسع الأخير في نخيل الزيت في مناطق الغابات في بورنيو وسومطرة وشبه جزيرة الملايو، حيث يتم إنتاج أكثر من 90 ٪ من زيت النخيل العالمي، إلى قلق كبير حول دور نخيل الزيت في إزالة الغابات. تختلف المساهمة المباشرة لتوسع نخيل الزيت في إزالة الغابات الاستوائية الإقليمية اختلافًا كبيرًا، حيث تتراوح من 3 ٪ في غرب إفريقيا إلى 47 ٪ في ماليزيا. كما يتورط نخيل الزيت في تصريف الأراضي الخثية وحرقها في جنوب شرق آسيا. وتشمل الآثار البيئية السلبية الموثقة من هذا التوسع انخفاض التنوع البيولوجي وانبعاثات غازات الدفيئة وتلوث الهواء. ومع ذلك، ينتج نخيل الزيت عمومًا المزيد من المتوقع أن يزداد الطلب العالمي على الزيوت النباتية بنسبة 46 ٪ بحلول عام 2050. وستؤدي تلبية هذا الطلب من خلال التوسع الإضافي في محاصيل نخيل الزيت مقابل محاصيل الزيوت النباتية الأخرى إلى آثار تفاضلية كبيرة على التنوع البيولوجي والأمن الغذائي وتغير المناخ وتدهور الأراضي وسبل العيش. وتسلط مراجعتنا الضوء على أنه على الرغم من استمرار وجود فجوات كبيرة في فهمنا للعلاقة بين الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية والثقافية والاقتصادية لنخيل الزيت، ونطاق وصرامة وفعالية المبادرات الرامية إلى معالجتها، إلا أنه لم يتم إجراء سوى القليل من الأبحاث حول تأثيرات ومقايضات محاصيل الزيوت النباتية الأخرى. ويلزم إيلاء اهتمام بحثي أكبر للتحقيق في آثار إنتاج زيت النخيل مقارنة ببدائل المقايضات التي سيتم تقييمها على نطاق عالمي.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ COREarrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Nature Plants
    Article
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.i...
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    OSF Preprints
    Preprint
    Data sources: OSF Preprints
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR
    Article . 2020
    Data sources: Research@WUR
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR
    Other literature type . 2020
    Data sources: Research@WUR
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Nature Plants
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer Nature TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/br...
    Other literature type . 2020
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/qh...
    Other literature type . 2020
    Data sources: Datacite
    Nature Plants
    Article . 2021
    addClaim
    Access Routes
    Green
    hybrid
    210
    citations210
    popularityTop 1%
    influenceTop 10%
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      Nature Plants
      Article
      Data sources: UnpayWall
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      https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.i...
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      OSF Preprints
      Preprint
      Data sources: OSF Preprints
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Article . 2020
      Data sources: Research@WUR
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      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2020
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Nature Plants
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Springer Nature TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/br...
      Other literature type . 2020
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/qh...
      Other literature type . 2020
      Data sources: Datacite
      Nature Plants
      Article . 2021
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Emily Nicholson;
    Emily Nicholson
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Emily Nicholson in OpenAIRE
    Emily Nicholson; orcid Fiona M. Underwood;
    Fiona M. Underwood
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Fiona M. Underwood in OpenAIRE
    Louise McRae; +13 Authors

    In order to influence global policy effectively, conservation scientists need to be able to provide robust predictions of the impact of alternative policies on biodiversity and measure progress towards goals using reliable indicators. We present a framework for using biodiversity indicators predictively to inform policy choices at a global level. The approach is illustrated with two case studies in which we project forwards the impacts of feasible policies on trends in biodiversity and in relevant indicators. The policies are based on targets agreed at the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) meeting in Nagoya in October 2010. The first case study compares protected area policies for African mammals, assessed using the Red List Index; the second example uses the Living Planet Index to assess the impact of a complete halt, versus a reduction, in bottom trawling. In the protected areas example, we find that the indicator can aid in decision-making because it is able to differentiate between the impacts of the different policies. In the bottom trawling example, the indicator exhibits some counter-intuitive behaviour, due to over-representation of some taxonomic and functional groups in the indicator, and contrasting impacts of the policies on different groups caused by trophic interactions. Our results support the need for further research on how to use predictive models and indicators to credibly track trends and inform policy. To be useful and relevant, scientists must make testable predictions about the impact of global policy on biodiversity to ensure that targets such as those set at Nagoya catalyse effective and measurable change.

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    CORE
    Article . 2012
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: CORE
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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2013
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    Article . 2012
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    UCL Discovery
    Article . 2012
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    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2012
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    Authors: orcid Kristine Camille V. Buenafe;
    Kristine Camille V. Buenafe
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Kristine Camille V. Buenafe in OpenAIRE
    orcid Daniel C. Dunn;
    Daniel C. Dunn
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Daniel C. Dunn in OpenAIRE
    Jason D. Everett; orcid Isaac Brito‐Morales;
    Isaac Brito‐Morales
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Isaac Brito‐Morales in OpenAIRE
    +7 Authors

    AbstractClimate change is already having profound effects on biodiversity, but climate change adaptation has yet to be fully incorporated into area‐based management tools used to conserve biodiversity, such as protected areas. One main obstacle is the lack of consensus regarding how impacts of climate change can be included in spatial conservation plans. We propose a climate‐smart framework that prioritizes the protection of climate refugia—areas of low climate exposure and high biodiversity retention—using climate metrics. We explore four aspects of climate‐smart conservation planning: (1) climate model ensembles; (2) multiple emission scenarios; (3) climate metrics; and (4) approaches to identifying climate refugia. We illustrate this framework in the Western Pacific Ocean, but it is equally applicable to terrestrial systems. We found that all aspects of climate‐smart conservation planning considered affected the configuration of spatial plans. The choice of climate metrics and approaches to identifying refugia have large effects in the resulting climate‐smart spatial plans, whereas the choice of climate models and emission scenarios have smaller effects. As the configuration of spatial plans depended on climate metrics used, a spatial plan based on a single measure of climate change (e.g., warming) will not necessarily be robust against other measures of climate change (e.g., ocean acidification). We therefore recommend using climate metrics most relevant for the biodiversity and region considered based on a single or multiple climate drivers. To include the uncertainty associated with different climate futures, we recommend using multiple climate models (i.e., an ensemble) and emission scenarios. Finally, we show that the approaches we used to identify climate refugia feature trade‐offs between: (1) the degree to which they are climate‐smart, and (2) their efficiency in meeting conservation targets. Hence, the choice of approach will depend on the relative value that stakeholders place on climate adaptation. By using this framework, protected areas can be designed with improved longevity and thus safeguard biodiversity against current and future climate change. We hope that the proposed climate‐smart framework helps transition conservation planning toward climate‐smart approaches.

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    Ecological Applications
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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    Authors: orcid Kirsty L. Nash;
    Kirsty L. Nash
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Kirsty L. Nash in OpenAIRE
    orcid Peter B. McIntyre;
    Peter B. McIntyre
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    Peter B. McIntyre in OpenAIRE
    orcid Marc Metian;
    Marc Metian
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Marc Metian in OpenAIRE
    Lex Bouwman; +18 Authors

    Feeding a growing, increasingly affluent population while limiting environmental pressures of food production is a central challenge for society. Understanding the location and magnitude of food production is key to addressing this challenge because pressures vary substantially across food production types. Applying data and models from life cycle assessment with the methodologies for mapping cumulative environmental impacts of human activities (hereafter cumulative impact mapping) provides a powerful approach to spatially map the cumulative environmental pressure of food production in a way that is consistent and comprehensive across food types. However, these methodologies have yet to be combined. By synthesizing life cycle assessment and cumulative impact mapping methodologies, we provide guidance for comprehensively and cumulatively mapping the environmental pressures (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, spatial occupancy, and freshwater use) associated with food production systems. This spatial approach enables quantification of current and potential future environmental pressures, which is needed for decision makers to create more sustainable food policies and practices.

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    One Earth
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    One Earth
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    One Earth
    Review . 2020
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.57912/23...
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.57912/23...
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      One Earth
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      One Earth
      Review . 2020
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.57912/23...
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    Authors: orcid Gillian L. Galford;
    Gillian L. Galford
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Gillian L. Galford in OpenAIRE
    Julie Nash; Julie Nash; Gillian Pirolli; +10 Authors

    This article analyses the greenhouse gas (GHG) impact potential of improved management practices and technologies for smallholder agriculture promoted under a global food security development program. Under ‘business-as-usual’ development, global studies on the future of agriculture to 2050 project considerable increases in total food production and cultivated area. Conventional cropland intensification and conversion of natural vegetation typically result in increased GHG emissions and loss of carbon stocks. There is a strong need to understand the potential greenhouse gas impacts of agricultural development programs intended to achieve large-scale change, and to identify pathways of smallholder agricultural development that can achieve food security and agricultural production growth without drastic increases in GHG emissions. In an analysis of 134 crop and livestock production systems in 15 countries with reported impacts on 4.8 million ha, improved management practices and technologies by smallholder farmers significantly reduce GHG emission intensity of agricultural production, increase yields and reduce post-harvest losses, while either decreasing or only moderately increasing net GHG emissions per area. Investments in both production and post-harvest stages meaningfully reduced GHG emission intensity, contributing to low emission development. We present average impacts on net GHG emissions per hectare and GHG emission intensity, while not providing detailed statistics of GHG impacts at scale that are associated to additional uncertainties. While reported improvements in smallholder systems effectively reduce future GHG emissions compared to business-as-usual development, these contributions are insufficient to significantly reduce net GHG emission in agriculture beyond current levels, particularly if future agricultural production grows at projected rates.

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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Environmental Research Letters
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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2018
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Research Letters
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2018
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    Authors: orcid Saber Talari;
    Saber Talari
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    Saber Talari in OpenAIRE
    orcid Miadreza Shafie‐Khah;
    Miadreza Shafie‐Khah
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    Miadreza Shafie‐Khah in OpenAIRE
    Nadali Mahmoudi; orcid Pierluigi Siano;
    Pierluigi Siano
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    Pierluigi Siano in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    In this study, a privacy‐based demand response (DR) trading scheme among end‐users and DR aggregators (DRAs) is proposed within the retail market framework and by distribution platform optimiser. This scheme aims to obtain the optimum DR volume to be exchanged while considering both DRAs' and customers' preferences. A bi‐level programming model is formulated in a day‐ahead market within retail markets. In the upper‐level problem, the total operation cost of the distribution system is minimised. The production volatility of renewable energy resources is also taken into account in this level through stochastic two‐stage programming and Monte–Carlo simulation method. In the lower‐level problem, the electricity bill for customers is minimised for customers. The income from DR selling is maximised based on DR prices through secure communication of household energy management systems and DRA. To solve this convex and continuous bi‐level problem, it is converted to an equivalent single‐level problem by adding primal and dual constraints of lower level as well as its strong duality condition to the upper‐level problem. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of different DR prices and different number of DRAs on hourly DR volume, hourly DR cost and power exchange between the studied network and the upstream network.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IET Generation, Tran...arrow_drop_down
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    IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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      IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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    Authors: orcid FRESCHI, FABIO;
    FRESCHI, FABIO
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    FRESCHI, FABIO in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw TARTAGLIA, Michele;
    TARTAGLIA, Michele
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    TARTAGLIA, Michele in OpenAIRE

    A low voltage three phase power line constituted by many single core cables in parallel is analysed. The geometry of the line is referred to IEC and European Standard suggestions and different possible solutions are compared. Rated loads are evaluated both under balanced and unbalanced conditions. Steady state three phase short circuit currents are also examined. The protection of such a line using a set of parallel single core cables by means of one protection under over current condition is discussed, making reference to the actual current sharing among the conductors.

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    IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
    License: IEEE Copyright
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    https://doi.org/10.1109/ias.20...
    Conference object . 2006 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Montecchio D;
    Montecchio D
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    Montecchio D in OpenAIRE
    orcid Astals S;
    Astals S
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    Astals S in OpenAIRE
    Di Castro V; orcid Gallipoli A;
    Gallipoli A
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    Gallipoli A in OpenAIRE
    +6 Authors

    The reasons for the acidification problem affecting Food Waste (FW) anaerobic digestion were explored, combining the outcomes of microbiological data (FISH and CARD-FISH) and process modelling, based on the Anaerobic Digestion Model n°1 (ADM1). Long term semi continuous experiments were carried out, both with sole FW and with Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) as a co-substrate, at varying operational conditions (0.8-2.2 g VS L-1 d-1) and FW / WAS ratios. Acidification was observed along FW mono-digestion, making it necessary to buffer the digesters; ADM1 modelling and experimental results suggested that this phenomenon was due to the methanogenic activity decline, most likely related to a deficiency in trace elements. WAS addition, even at proportions as low as 10% of the organic load, settled the acidification issue; this ability was related to the promotion of the methanogenic activity and the consequent enhancement of acetate consumption, rather than to WAS buffering capacity. The ability of the ADM1 to model processes affected by low microbial activity, such as FW mono-digestion, was also assessed. It was observed that the ADM1 was only adequate for digestions with a high activity level for both bacteria and methanogens (FISH/CARD-FISH ratio preferably >0.8) and, under these conditions, the model was able to correctly predict the relative abundance of both microbial populations, extrapolated from FISH analysis.

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    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2019
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    Waste Management
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Article . 2019
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      Waste Management
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    Authors: Tschaggelar, R; Kasumaj, B; orcid SANTANGELO, Maria Grazia;
    SANTANGELO, Maria Grazia
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    SANTANGELO, Maria Grazia in OpenAIRE
    Forrer, J; +7 Authors

    The construction and performance of a cryogenic 35GHz pulse electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) probehead for large samples is presented. The resonator is based on a rectangular TE(102) cavity in which the radio frequency (rf) B(2)-field is generated by a two turn saddle ENDOR coil crossing the resonator along the sample axis with minimal distance to the sample tube. An rf power efficiency factor is used to define the B(2)-field strength per square-root of the transmitted rf power over the frequency range 2-180MHz. The distributions of the microwave B(1)- and E(1)-field, and the rf B(2)-field are investigated by electromagnetic field calculations. All dielectrics, the sample tube, and coupling elements are included in the calculations. The application range of the probehead and the advantages of using large sample sizes are demonstrated and discussed on a number of paramagnetic samples containing transition metal ions.

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    Journal of Magnetic Resonance
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: orcid Gabriella Papa;
    Gabriella Papa
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    orcid Fabrizio Adani;
    Fabrizio Adani
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    Fabrizio Adani in OpenAIRE
    Bianca Colombo; Mariana Villegas Calvo; +7 Authors

    A highly productive Arundo donax L. clone (Clone AD-20) was produced at full field to give 54.6 Mg total solids biomass Ha–1. Biomass was chemically and enzymatically pretreated, recovering 13.9 Mg Ha–1 of glucose and 3.6 Mg Ha–1 of xylose, i.e., 3.5–4.5 more than yield typically obtained from corn stover or switchgrass. The subsequent fermentation of the liberated sugars to organic acids (OA) by dark fermentation generated yields of 3850 Nm3 Ha–1 of biohydrogen and 14.2 Mg Ha–1 of OAs. OAs were then used as a feed to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), with 3-hydroxybutyrate the major monomer present (PHB > 95% PHA), from a biological process using mixed microbial culture producing 5.04 Mg Ha–1 of PHA. An initial economic analysis indicated that this multistage biorefinery approach would result in a net revenue of 10,415 € Ha–1, which is approximately 9-fold greater than that obtained by a traditional biorefinery producing bioethanol.

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