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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Widodo Wahyu Purwanto; orcid Yoga Wienda Pratama;
    Yoga Wienda Pratama
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Yoga Wienda Pratama in OpenAIRE
    Yulianto Sulistyo Nugroho; null Warjito; +4 Authors

    This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model for a long-term generation mix in Indonesia. The objective of this work is to assess the economic, environment, and adequacy of local energy sources. The model includes two competing objective functions to seek the lowest cost of generation and the lowest CO2 emissions while considering technology diffusion. The scenarios include the use of fossil reserves with or without the constraints of the reserve to production ratio and exports. The results indicate that Indonesia should develop all renewable energy and requires imported coal and natural gas. If all fossil resources were upgraded to reserves, electricity demand in 2050 could be met by domestic energy sources. The maximum share of renewable energy that can be achieved in 2050 is 33% with and 80% without technology diffusion. The least cost optimization produces lower generation costs than the least CO2 emissions, as well as the combined scenario. Total CO2 emissions in 2050 are five to six times as large as current emissions. The least CO2 emissions scenario can reduce almost half of the CO2 emissions of the least cost scenario by 2050. The proposed multi-objective optimization model leads some optimal solutions for a more sustainable electricity system.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable Energy
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • Authors: HATTORI, Takashi; CHEN, Yi-chun;

    This paper assesses whether Japan's energy and climate policies are aligned by examining its narratives in major energy and climate policy documents announced before and after the Kyoto Protocol came into effect. The study aims to shed light on the country's recent regressive position compared to other climate and energy policy-leading countries. There is a focus on the government's attitudes and policies regarding nuclear power, renewable energy, and coal. The results show that although these policies are essentially aligned in terms of renewable energy and nuclear power, but they are inconsistent in terms of coal. The policy examination indicates that the conventional energy security and economic efficiency are dominant factors in Japan's energy policy; whereas climate change, although an important concern, does not predominate in energy planning. This implies that Japan needs to coordinate its energy and climate policies more than ever before to restore its leading position in dealing with the climate issues.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Ilham, Zul;
    Ilham, Zul
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ilham, Zul in OpenAIRE
    Saka, Shiro;

    Biodiesel could be produced from triglycerides and dimethyl carbonate, instead of the conventional methanol, in this non-catalytic supercritical dimethyl carbonate method. It was demonstrated that, supercritical dimethyl carbonate method successfully converted triglycerides as well as fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with glycerol carbonate, a higher value by-product compared to the conventional glycerol. The FAME are high in yield, comparable with supercritical methanol method, and satisfy the international standard for use as biodiesel fuel. In this study, therefore, optimization of supercritical dimethyl carbonate method was discussed to include all important key parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, time, molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil, the FAME yield, thermal decomposition, degree of denaturation, tocopherol content, oxidation stability and fuel properties. The optimum condition for supercritical dimethyl carbonate method was determined at 300 °C/20 MPa/20 min/42:1 molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil to have satisfactory yield of FAME at 97.4 wt%. Conclusively, this study showed the importance to address all those key parameters in order to produce high quality biodiesel from supercritical dimethyl carbonate method.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IRDBarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Fuel
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IRDBarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Fuel
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Kazuhiko Matsumoto;
    Kazuhiko Matsumoto
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Kazuhiko Matsumoto in OpenAIRE
    Kazuhiko Matsumoto; orcid Jinkwang Hwang;
    Jinkwang Hwang
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Jinkwang Hwang in OpenAIRE
    orcid Rika Hagiwara;
    Rika Hagiwara
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Rika Hagiwara in OpenAIRE
    +3 Authors

    This review summarizes the use of ionic liquids in Na secondary batteries and discusses their electrochemical performance with various electrode materials.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy & Environment...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy & Environmental Science
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy & Environmental Science
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy & Environment...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energy & Environmental Science
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • Authors: Takuya Goto; Yasuhiko Ito; orcid Hironori Nakajima;
    Hironori Nakajima
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Hironori Nakajima in OpenAIRE
    Katsutoshi Kobayashi;

    Nitrogen electrode reaction has been investigated in a LiCl-KCl-CsCl melt containing Li 3 N. The following reaction, N 3 - → ½N 2 + 3e - , is confirmed by quantitative analysis of anodically evolved gas. The Nernst relation holds for the rest potential of Ni electrodes at nitrogen gas pressure, p N 2 , of 0.1-1.0 atm and the anion fraction of N 3 - ion, x N 3-, of 0.003-0.020 (anion fraction). Then the standard formal potential of N 2 /N 3 - , E 0 ' N 2 / N 3-, is evaluated to be 0.193 ′ 0.003 V vs. Li + /Li (p N 2 = 1 atm,x N 3- = 1) at 673 K. The dependence of E 0 ' N 2 / N 3- upon the temperature (605-721 K) gives a linear relation, whose slope is (-0.790 ′ 0.096) X 10 - 3 V K - 1 . Thermodynamic quantities for formation of Li 3 N in the melt are also estimated.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kimisato Oda; orcid Christoph D. D. Rupprecht;
    Christoph D. D. Rupprecht
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Christoph D. D. Rupprecht in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Kazuaki Tsuchiya;
    Kazuaki Tsuchiya
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Kazuaki Tsuchiya in OpenAIRE
    orcid Steven R. McGreevy;
    Steven R. McGreevy
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Steven R. McGreevy in OpenAIRE

    Can shrinking cities harness population decline to improve their sustainability by repurposing land use, for example, for localizing food production? Whether such a transition is feasible depends on the pre-shrinkage state of urban agricultural land use, including ongoing trends in local land use change. This study examined agricultural land use from 2007–2017 in Kyoto City, Japan. Kyoto is on the brink of a large projected population decline (~190,000 or ~13% until 2040) and serves as a representative for a large number of regional Japanese cities in a similar situation. Analysis was based on a public 2007 land use data set, aerial and satellite imagery and ground truthing. Results showed a decline of 209 ha or 10% in agricultural land use over ten years, but also highlight the diversity of ongoing agricultural land use types not captured by standard categories. The main post-agricultural land uses were residential (40%) and vacant land (28%). These results have implications for planning and policy. Kyoto City is currently not set to benefit from the projected shrinking process through localizing food production, despite a tradition of vegetable production. Future research should analyze drivers of change for observed agricultural land use.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Sustainabilityarrow_drop_down
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    Sustainability
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Sustainability
    Article . 2018
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      Sustainability
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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  • In this study, we analyze the mechanism of the future change of a occurrence frequency of Guerrilla-heavy rainfall in the Kinki region in August by focusing on the future change of lapse rate and water vapor inflow using a 5km-mesh regional climate model (RCM05). From the analysis, we show the frequency of days will increase when Showalter Stability Index (SSI), which expresses atmospheric stability, becomes lower in the Kinki region in late August although lapse rate will decrease. Lower SSI means that atmosphere is unstable. Then we show that the reason of destabilization of SSI is the increase of water vapor in lower layer. Finally, we use Self-Organizing Map (SOM), which is one cluster classification method, to reveal the main reason of the increase of water vapor in the lower layer in late August. The results show the wind field which blows from the Pacific to the Kinki region is increasing, and this explains rich water vapor flux is supplied to the Kinki region.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Masahiro Harada; Yoshinaga Matsumoto; Takao Okada; Junya Matsuki;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Electrical Engineeri...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Electrical Engineering in Japan
    Article . 1985 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Electrical Engineeri...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Electrical Engineering in Japan
      Article . 1985 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid bw Wu-Bing Xu;
    Wu-Bing Xu
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Wu-Bing Xu in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Wen-Yong Guo;
    Wen-Yong Guo
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Wen-Yong Guo in OpenAIRE
    orcid Josep M. Serra-Diaz;
    Josep M. Serra-Diaz
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Josep M. Serra-Diaz in OpenAIRE
    orcid Franziska Schrodt;
    Franziska Schrodt
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Franziska Schrodt in OpenAIRE
    +55 Authors

    As Earth’s climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleoclimate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (richness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta-diversity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally selective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The University of Wa...arrow_drop_down
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    Science Advances
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    Authors: Hirofumi Tsuji; Fumimaru Ogino; Takaji Inamuro; Issaku Fujita; +2 Authors

    固気二相流中の粒子の粒径分布の計測は, 燃焼装置から排出される粒子状物質の性状評価などにおいて, 極めて重要な操作である.従来の測定法では, 複雑な構造を持つ分級器を用いねばならず, 煩雑な操作が必要となる.著者らは, 簡易な粒径分布測定法として, 逆向きサンプリング時の粒子の分級効果を利用した新しい手法を考案した.しかし, 逆向きサンプリング時の粒子の分級効果については, 検討例が極めて少なく, 分級効率の評価式も作成されていない.本研究においては, まず, 逆向きサンプリング時のプローブ周辺の粒子挙動を数値解析し, 分級効率に及ぼす, 粒子慣性力や吸引流速などの影響を評価した.さらに, 微粉炭および灯油燃焼時のダストを用いて, 分級効率に関する実験を行い, 数値解析の妥当性を評価した.これらより, 逆向きサンプリング時の分級効率は, 慣性パラメータの増加に対して指数関数的に減少し, その減少傾向は吸引流速の増加に対して緩やかになることなとを明らかにし, 分級効率とこれらのパラメータの間の関係を表す評価式を導出した.

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    KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU
    Article . 1999 . Peer-reviewed
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