• Energy Research
• 13. Climate action close
• 12. Responsible consumption close
• KG close
• Renewable Energy close

Abstract In Turkey, the consumption of diesel oil is increasing both in transportation and in agricultural fields. In this study, the opportunities of the use of safflower oil, which grow originally in Turkey as a direct fuel in diesel engines, were researched to provide a new alternative for biofuel industry and to popularize the farming of oil crops. In this study, the kit design was completed first, and afterwards safflower oil was exposed to the process of neutralization and laundering, and then turned into standard fuel. For engine performance experiments, reference experiences were conducted by using diesel fuel by using safflower as a fuel in the engine with kit for 500 h; comparisons were made with regards to power, moment, diesel consumption, and exhaust emission. As a result, it was seen that when safflower was used as a fuel, there was a decrease in motor performance and emission, however specific fuel consumption increased. When safflower was used, there was not any residual on the engine that was found. The designed kit, which can be easily produced with national technology, did not cause any malfunction or negativity in the engine and it was successfully used.

Abstract In internal combustion engines, mineral engine oils which serve as lubricants between parts are not used alone due to technical reasons and various additives are made use of for better lubrication. In these additives, liquid boron serves to reduce friction. To reduce the environmental damage caused by engine lubrication oils, it is necessary to improve the properties of biological oils so that they can be used and compete with mineral oils technically. In the study, the use of liquid boron as an engine lubrication oil additive, together with wild mustard oil methyl ester, was investigated. Two diesel engines with the same characteristics were used. In the first engine, experiments were carried out using mineral lubrication oil, then the experiments were repeated using mineral oil with additives, and the results were compared for both situations. The study was conducted mainly in the fields of element analysis of endoscopic examination and lubricating oil (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr). As a result, it was found out that the engine in which mineral lubricating oil with boron and wild mustard oil methyl ester additive was used did not pose any risks in terms of wear and engine oil life, compared to the engine without additive lubricating oil.

Abstract In this study, biodiesel was produced from safflower seeds by converting the raw oil obtained through dampening them via the rolling process, roasting at 90 °C and pressing into Safflower Oil Methyl Esther (Safflower Biodiesel) using the trans-esterification method. Experimental fuels were obtained in the forms of D100, B2.5M2.5D95, B5M5D90, B5M2.5D92.5 and B2.5M5D92.5 by mixing the biodiesel fuel obtained from safflower with diesel fuel, adding bio-ethanol at the rates of 2.5% and 5%, and volumetrically in inverse ratio. Tests were conducted to determine the fuel properties of the mixed fuels obtained and the diesel fuel, their kinematic viscosity, density, water content, pH level, caloric value, flash point, clouding, pour and freezing points, copper bar corrosion test, iodine number, CFPP (Cold Filter Plugging Point) test and cetane number. Moreover, the mixtures obtained and the diesel fuel were tried and examined in a water-cooled, four-stroke, single cylinder diesel engine that had a direct injection fuel system. As a result of the experiments, performance characteristics of the test engine were obtained. Exhaust emission values (CO, CO2, HC, O2, SO2, NOx) were obtained from the exhaust stack of the test engine using the probe of the gas analysis device.