• Energy Research
• 3. Good health close
• JP close
• KR close
• Kyoto University close

Gallium arsenide was anodically oxidized in a mixture of ethylene glycol and tartaric acid as an electrolyte. The numbers of Ga and As atoms in the anodic oxide films and in the used electrolytes were measured by radioactivation analysis. During the anodic oxidation, GaAs dissolved into the electrolyte. The numbers of Ga and As atoms that dissolved into the electrolytes was proportional to the anodic voltage, and the number of Ga atoms in the electrolyte was about five times more than that of As atoms. The composition of the anodic oxide films varied with depth. However, the atomic profiles measured by Auger electron spectroscopy displayed As atoms much less than Ga atoms throughout the anodic oxide films, because Ga oxides were lost from the anodic oxide films into the vacuum during the Auger electron spectroscopy, accompanying sputtered thin film removal.

One gram of raw hog intrinsic factor (IF) was administered to each of ten control subjects with no hematological disorders, three pernicious anemia patients, and three total gastrectomy subjects. A B12-binding substance originating from raw hog IF was detected in the sera and urines of seven control subjects, after the oral administration of hog IF, and the serum level of the binding substance was assumed to be 5.0μg/ml or slightly more in the detected cases. In the remaining three control subjects and all cases with pernicious anemia or with total gastrectomy, the substance was not found in their sera and urines either before or after the oral administration of raw hog IF. Based on the finding that the detected substance was immunologically identified with the purified hog IF, it was concluded that “immunoreactive hog IF” or rather hog IF or its split fragment was absorbed from human intestine. The significance of the negative demonstration of immunoreactive hog IF in pernicious anemia and in total gastrectomy was also discussed.

We examined the protective effect of plasmin inhibitors on gastric mucosal vascular permeability in rats. Tranexamic acid and aminocaproic acid significantly inhibited the increase in vascular permeability and macroscopic gastric mucosal lesions induced by 50% ethanol and 1% ammonia. The protective effect afforded by plasmin inhibitors was not affected by pretreatment with indomethacin. Our results show that plasmin inhibitors inhibit the increase in gastric vascular permeability and suggest that plasmin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage.

Composite electrodeposition of TiO2 particles in amorphous Ni-Mo alloy matrices was carried out using aqueous citrate solutions (pH5.0) where anatase- or brookite-TiO2 particles were suspended. A white and uniform composite coating was obtained from a solution containing 200g dm−3 of TiO2. The composition of the Ni-Mo alloy matrices remained unaltered with the inclusion of TiO2. Although the uptake of TiO2 did not exceed 0.1wt.%, the resulting Ni-Mo/TiO2 layer exhibited the ability to decompose gaseous NO in the air or Methylene Blue in water. It was suggested that the anti-corrosive ability of the Ni-Mo layer is improved by the inclusion of TiO2 in the layer.

AbstractWorldwide exposure to ambient PM2.5 causes over 4 million premature deaths annually. As most of these deaths are in developing countries, without internationally coordinated efforts this polarized situation will continue. As yet, however, no studies have quantified nation-to-nation consumer responsibility for global mortality due to both primary and secondary PM2.5 particles. Here we quantify the global footprint of PM2.5-driven premature deaths for the 19 G20 nations in a position to lead such efforts. G20 consumption in 2010 was responsible for 1.983 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.685–2.285] million premature deaths, at an average age of 67, including 78.6 [71.5–84.8] thousand infant deaths, implying that the G20 lifetime consumption of about 28 [24–33] people claims one life. Our results indicate that G20 nations should take responsibility for their footprint rather than focusing solely on transboundary air pollution, as this would expand opportunities for reducing PM2.5-driven premature mortality. Given the infant mortality footprint identified, it would moreover contribute to ensuring infant lives are not unfairly left behind in countries like South Africa, which have a weak relationship with G20 nations.

Transient ionic mass-transfer rates during the anodic dissolution of an upward-facing horizontal zinc electrode in a 10 wt % (1.95 M) KOH aqueous electrolyte were monitored by holographic interferometry. The anode potential during zinc dissolution was also measured against a HgO/Hg reference electrode. A two-dimensional mathematical model, wherein a supporting electrolyte also takes part in the electrochemical reactions, was developed to characterize the electrolyte transport phenomena. Transient mass-transfer rates of both Zn(OH) 2- 4 and OH- ions were numerically analyzed, and calculated transient refractive index profiles and anode overpotentials were compared to measured values. The electrochemical dissolution and passivation phenomena of the zinc anode in an alkaline electrolyte solution were discussed.

La protéine Z, le plus petit produit du gène de l'arénavirus, joue un rôle essentiel dans le cycle de vie du virus. Z est le principal moteur du bourgeonnement et de la production de particules en raison d'une propriété unique qui définit l'auto-assemblage. En plus des rôles dans le bourgeonnement, Z participe également à la suppression de la production d'interféron de type I pour échapper à l'immunité antivirale de l'hôte. Par conséquent, Z et sa forme assemblée sont une cible médicamenteuse attrayante pour la fièvre hémorragique arénavirale, telle que la fièvre de Lassa. Ici, nous avons développé un biocapteur qui a permis l'évaluation du prototype arénavirus, virus de la chorioméningite lymphocytaire (LCMV), assemblage Z en utilisant le principe du transfert d'énergie par résonance de Förster (FRET). Ce biocapteur FRET se composait de trois tandems Z qui étaient pris en sandwich entre une protéine fluorescente à émission cyan super améliorée et une variante d'un mutant à émission jaune de la protéine fluorescente verte de sorte que la liaison intermoléculaire Z-Z via le nouveau domaine génétique vraiment intéressant augmentait le taux d'émission. Pour identifier de nouveaux composés anti-arénavirus, le biocapteur FRET a été utilisé pour cribler le PathogenBox400 à la recherche d'inhibiteurs de l'assemblage Z dans un format de plaque à 96 puits. Le test a bien fonctionné, avec un facteur Z'de 0,89, et a identifié deux composés qui ont diminué le rapport d'émission du biocapteur FRET d'une manière dose-dépendante. Parmi eux, le composé, la 5,6,7,8-tétrahydro-7-(benzyl)-pyrido[4',3' :4,5]thiéno[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2,4-diamine, s'est avéré inhiber de manière significative la propagation du LCMV dans les cellules infectées. Ainsi, la présente étude a démontré qu'un nouveau biocapteur FRET incorporant un assemblage Z construit sur FRET et nommé Zabton, était un outil de dépistage précieux pour identifier les composés anti-arénavirus dans le contexte de l'inhibition de l'assemblage Z. Mots clés : Arenavirus, transfert d'énergie par résonance de Förster, médicaments antiviraux, protéine Z. El producto génico más pequeño del arenavirus, la proteína Z, desempeña un papel fundamental en el ciclo de vida del virus. Z es la principal fuerza impulsora de la brotación y la producción de partículas debido a una propiedad única que define el autoensamblaje. Además de los roles en la gemación, Z también participa en la supresión de la producción de interferón tipo I para evadir la inmunidad antiviral del huésped. Por lo tanto, Z y su forma ensamblada son un objetivo farmacológico atractivo para la fiebre hemorrágica arenaviral, como la fiebre de Lassa. Aquí, desarrollamos un biosensor que permitió la evaluación del prototipo de arenavirus, virus de la coriomeningitis linfocítica (LCMV), ensamblaje Z utilizando el principio de transferencia de energía POR resonancia de Förster (FRET). Este biosensor FRET consistió en tres Z en tándem que se intercalaron entre la proteína fluorescente superpotenciada que emite cian y la variante de un mutante emisor amarillo de la proteína fluorescente verde, de modo que la unión intermolecular Z-Z a través del nuevo dominio de dedo de gen realmente interesante aumentó la relación de emisión. Para identificar nuevos compuestos anti-arenavirus, SE empleó el biosensor FRET para examinar el PathogenBox400 en busca de inhibidores del ensamblaje Z en un formato de placa de 96 pocillos. El ensayo funcionó bien, con un factor Z'de 0.89, e identificó dos compuestos que disminuyeron la relación de emisión del biosensor FRET de una manera dependiente de la dosis. De ellos, se descubrió que el compuesto, 5,6,7,8-tetrahidro-7-(bencil)-pirido[4',3':4,5]tieno[2,3-d] pirimidin-2,4-diamina, inhibía significativamente la propagación del LCMV en las células infectadas. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio demostró que un nuevo biosensor FRET que incorpora el ensamblaje Z construido sobre FRET y llamado Zabton, fue una valiosa herramienta de detección para identificar compuestos anti-arenavirus en el contexto de la inhibición del ensamblaje Z. Palabras clave: Arenavirus, transferencia de energía de resonancia de Förster, medicamentos antivirales, proteína Z. The smallest arenavirus gene product, Z protein, plays critical roles in the virus life cycle. Z is the major driving force of budding and particle production because of a unique property that defines self-assembly. In addition to the roles in budding, Z also participates in the suppression of type I interferon production to evade host antiviral immunity. Therefore, Z and its assembled form are an attractive drug target for arenaviral hemorrhagic fever, such as Lassa fever. Here, we developed a biosensor that enabled the evaluation of the prototype arenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), Z assembly using the principle of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). This FRET biosensor consisted of three tandem Z that were sandwiched between super-enhanced cyan-emitting fluorescent protein and variant of a yellow-emitting mutant of green fluorescent protein so that Z-Z intermolecular binding via the really interesting new gene finger domain increased the emission ratio. To identify novel anti-arenavirus compounds, the FRET biosensor was employed to screen the PathogenBox400 for inhibitors of Z assembly in a 96-well plate format. The assay performed well, with a Z'-factor of 0.89, and identified two compounds that decreased the emission ratio of the FRET biosensor in a dose-dependent manner. Of them, the compound, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-(benzyl)-pyrido[4',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2,4-diamine, was found to significantly inhibit LCMV propagation in infected cells. Thereby, the present study demonstrated that a novel FRET biosensor incorporating Z assembly built on FRET and named Zabton, was a valuable screening tool to identify anti-arenavirus compounds in the context of inhibition of Z assembly.Key words: Arenavirus, Förster resonance energy transfer, anti-viral drugs, Z protein. يلعب أصغر منتج جيني للفيروس الجنيني، بروتين Z، أدوارًا حاسمة في دورة حياة الفيروس. Z هي القوة الدافعة الرئيسية للبرعم وإنتاج الجسيمات بسبب خاصية فريدة تحدد التجميع الذاتي. بالإضافة إلى الأدوار في مهدها، تشارك Z أيضًا في قمع إنتاج الإنترفيرون من النوع الأول للتهرب من مناعة المضيف المضادة للفيروسات. لذلك، يعد Z وشكله المجمع هدفًا دوائيًا جذابًا للحمى النزفية الرئوية، مثل حمى لاسا. هنا، طورنا مستشعرًا حيويًا مكن من تقييم النموذج الأولي للفيروس الحميد، وفيروس التهاب السحايا المشيمي اللمفاوي (LCMV)، وتجميع Z باستخدام مبدأ نقل طاقة رنين فورستر (FRET). يتكون مستشعر الحنق الحيوي هذا من ثلاثة Z مترادفة تم وضعها بين بروتين فلورسنت سماوي محسن للغاية ومتغير من طفرة صفراء من بروتين الفلورسنت الأخضر بحيث يزيد الارتباط الجزيئي Z - Z عبر نطاق إصبع الجين الجديد المثير للاهتمام من نسبة الانبعاث. لتحديد المركبات الجديدة المضادة للفيروسات الوريدية، تم استخدام المستشعر الحيوي للفريت لفحص PathogenBox400 لمثبطات تجميع Z بتنسيق لوحة 96 بئرًا. كان أداء الاختبار جيدًا، مع عامل Z'قدره 0.89، وحدد مركبين قللا من نسبة انبعاث المستشعر الحيوي للحرير بطريقة تعتمد على الجرعة. من بينها، وجد أن المركب، 5،6،7،8 - tetrahydro -7 - (البنزيل) - pyrido [4'، 3 ':4،5] thieno [2،3 - d] pyrimidin -2،4 - dimine، يمنع بشكل كبير انتشار LCMV في الخلايا المصابة. وبالتالي، أظهرت الدراسة الحالية أن مستشعرًا حيويًا جديدًا لـ FRET يتضمن مجموعة Z مبنية على FRET ومسماة Zabton، كان أداة فحص قيمة لتحديد المركبات المضادة للفيروسات الوريدية في سياق تثبيط مجموعة Z. الكلمات الرئيسية: فيروسات أرينية، نقل طاقة رنين فورستر، أدوية مضادة للفيروسات، بروتين Z.