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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: John Wunderlich; Gary G. Meadows; Dinah S. Singer; Michele Wallendal; +1 Authors

    Treatment of mice in vivo with 5% w/v ethanol given in a liquid diet causes marked changes in spleen, peripheral blood, and thymus lymphocytes. In both the thymus and spleen, there is an acute cellular depletion resulting in a significant decrease in gross tissue size and cell number. In spleen and peripheral blood, the percentage of T lymphocytes is increased relative to B lymphocytes, but the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cell sub‐populations remains unchanged. Splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity is increased in ethanol‐consuming mice, although the percentage of NK1.1+ cells is relatively unchanged.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Alcoholism Clinical ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research
    Article . 1992 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Alcoholism Clinical ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research
      Article . 1992 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: John Wunderlich; Gary G. Meadows; Dinah S. Singer; Michele Wallendal; +1 Authors

    Treatment of mice in vivo with 5% w/v ethanol given in a liquid diet causes marked changes in spleen, peripheral blood, and thymus lymphocytes. In both the thymus and spleen, there is an acute cellular depletion resulting in a significant decrease in gross tissue size and cell number. In spleen and peripheral blood, the percentage of T lymphocytes is increased relative to B lymphocytes, but the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cell sub‐populations remains unchanged. Splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity is increased in ethanol‐consuming mice, although the percentage of NK1.1+ cells is relatively unchanged.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Alcoholism Clinical ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research
    Article . 1992 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Alcoholism Clinical ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research
      Article . 1992 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Saydaliev, Hayot Berk; Lan, Jing; Anser, Muhammad Khalid; Ali, Sajid; +1 Authors

    Renewable energy has become more popular since it is cost-effective and more efficient than conventional energy sources. Biomass-based renewable energy is primarily used in emerging economies to ensure environmental sustainability. This study examines the asymmetric correlation between biomass energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the top-10 biomass energy consumer countries (Brazil, Canada, Thailand, China, Italy, India, Germany, USA, UK, and Japan). A new approach "Quantile-onQuantile (QQ)" is employed by utilizing the data from 1991 to 2018. Biomass energy consumption, with the exception of Thailand, significantly mitigates CO2 emissions at various quantiles in selected countries. As a robustness check, we used the quantile regression test, whose findings are consistent with the outcomes from the quantile-on-quantile method. However, the degree of asymmetry in the biomass energy-CO2 nexus varies by country, necessitating extra attention and government vigilance when developing biomass energy and environmental policies.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable Energy
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Saydaliev, Hayot Berk; Lan, Jing; Anser, Muhammad Khalid; Ali, Sajid; +1 Authors

    Renewable energy has become more popular since it is cost-effective and more efficient than conventional energy sources. Biomass-based renewable energy is primarily used in emerging economies to ensure environmental sustainability. This study examines the asymmetric correlation between biomass energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the top-10 biomass energy consumer countries (Brazil, Canada, Thailand, China, Italy, India, Germany, USA, UK, and Japan). A new approach "Quantile-onQuantile (QQ)" is employed by utilizing the data from 1991 to 2018. Biomass energy consumption, with the exception of Thailand, significantly mitigates CO2 emissions at various quantiles in selected countries. As a robustness check, we used the quantile regression test, whose findings are consistent with the outcomes from the quantile-on-quantile method. However, the degree of asymmetry in the biomass energy-CO2 nexus varies by country, necessitating extra attention and government vigilance when developing biomass energy and environmental policies.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable Energy
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • Authors: Assemblée mondiale de la Santé, 11;
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  • Authors: Assemblée mondiale de la Santé, 11;
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Umar Farooq; Hassan Waqas; Musaad S. Aldhabani; Nahid Fatima; +4 Authors

    Cette étude examine les caractéristiques des profils de vitesse, de champ thermique et d'entropie pour l'écoulement de nanofluides hybrides traversant une feuille d'amidonnage avec un rayonnement thermique. Les nanotubes de carbone (SWCNT et MWCNT) sont utilisés comme nanoparticules avec flux de chaleur Cattaneo-Christov (CC). L'éthylène glycol est utilisé comme fluide de base dans ce cas. Pour obtenir une solution améliorée, l'écoulement de fluide sur les propriétés géométriques est conçu en utilisant des PDE hautement non linéaires, et les équations gouvernantes doivent être converties en systèmes d'équations non similaires sans dimension en utilisant le schéma de Keller-box bien connu et très efficace dans le logiciel de calcul Matlab. La faisabilité pratique de ces solutions est déterminée par la plage des paramètres de contrôle. La distribution de vitesse diminue à mesure que l'estimation des paramètres magnétiques augmente, cependant, le champ de température et la production d'entropie augmentent à mesure que la fluctuation des paramètres magnétiques diminue. Au fur et à mesure que le paramètre de glissement augmente, le champ de vitesse diminue. Le champ thermique est amélioré pour augmenter le paramètre de rayonnement, et le profil d'entropie est renforcé pour augmenter les valeurs des paramètres de Brinkman. Les résultats de cette recherche pourraient avoir un impact significatif sur les industries où le refroidissement et le chauffage locaux par jets d'impact sont nécessaires dans les appareils électroniques, les dissipateurs thermiques, les technologies de séchage, etc. À la connaissance des auteurs, il s'agit du premier effort visant à utiliser un nanofluide hybride pour analyser la formation d'entropie due au flux magnétohydrodynamique sur une feuille d'amidonnage. Este estudio examina las características de los perfiles de velocidad, campo térmico y entropía para el flujo híbrido de nanofluidos que pasa a través de una lámina de almidón con radiación térmica. Los nanotubos de carbono (SWCNT y MWCNT) se utilizan como nanopartículas con flujo de calor Cattaneo-Christov (CC). El etilenglicol se utiliza como fluido base en este caso. Para lograr una solución mejorada, el flujo de fluido sobre las propiedades geométricas se diseña utilizando PDE altamente no lineales, y las ecuaciones gobernantes deben convertirse en sistemas de ecuaciones no similares adimensionales utilizando el conocido esquema de Keller-box altamente eficiente en el software computacional MATLAB. La viabilidad práctica de estas soluciones está determinada por el rango de los parámetros de control. La distribución de velocidad se reduce a medida que aumenta la estimación del parámetro magnético, sin embargo, el campo de temperatura y la producción de entropía aumentan a medida que la fluctuación del parámetro magnético se aclara. A medida que aumenta el parámetro de deslizamiento, el campo de velocidad disminuye. El campo térmico se mejora para aumentar el parámetro de radiación, y el perfil de entropía se aumenta para aumentar los valores de los parámetros de Brinkman. Los hallazgos de esta investigación podrían tener un impacto significativo en las industrias donde se necesita refrigeración local y calefacción a través de chorros de choque en dispositivos electrónicos, disipadores de calor, tecnologías de secado, etc. Según el conocimiento de los autores, este es el primer esfuerzo para emplear un nanofluido híbrido para analizar la formación de entropía debido al flujo magnetohidrodinámico sobre una lámina de almidón. This study examines the characteristics of the velocity, thermal field and entropy profiles for hybrid nanofluid flow passing through a starching sheet with thermal radiation. The carbon nanotube (SWCNT and MWCNT) are used as a nanoparticles with Cattaneo-Christov (CC) heat flux. Ethylene glycol is utilized as a base fluid in this case. To achieve an improved solution, the fluid flow over the geometric properties is designed using highly non-linear PDEs, and the governing equations must be converted into dimensionless non-similar equation systems using the highly efficient well-known Keller-box scheme in computational software MATLAB. The practical feasibility of these solutions is determined by the range of the controlling parameters. The velocity distribution reduces as the magnetic parameter estimate increases, however, the temperature field and entropy production increase as the magnetic parameter fluctuation esclates. As the slip parameter is increased, the velocity field diminish. The thermal field is enhanced for rising the radiation parameter, and the entropy profile is boosted for increasing Brinkman parameter values. The findings of this research might have a significant impact on industries where local cooling and heating via impingement jets are needed in electronic devices, heat sinks, drying technologies, and so on. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first effort to employ a hybrid nanofluid to analyze entropy formation due to magnetohydrodynamics flow over a starching sheet. تبحث هذه الدراسة في خصائص ملامح السرعة والحقل الحراري والانتروبيا لتدفق السوائل النانوية الهجينة التي تمر عبر ورقة النشا مع الإشعاع الحراري. يتم استخدام الأنبوب النانوي الكربوني (SWCNT و MWCNT) كجسيمات نانوية مع تدفق حراري Cattaneo - Christov (CC). يستخدم جلايكول الإيثيلين كسائل أساسي في هذه الحالة. لتحقيق حل محسّن، تم تصميم تدفق المائع عبر الخصائص الهندسية باستخدام PDEs غير خطية للغاية، ويجب تحويل المعادلات الحاكمة إلى أنظمة معادلات غير متشابهة بلا أبعاد باستخدام مخطط Keller - box المعروف عالي الكفاءة في البرنامج الحاسوبي MATLAB. يتم تحديد الجدوى العملية لهذه الحلول من خلال نطاق معلمات التحكم. ينخفض توزيع السرعة مع زيادة تقدير المعلمة المغناطيسية، ومع ذلك، يزداد مجال درجة الحرارة وإنتاج الإنتروبيا مع تذبذب المعلمة المغناطيسية. مع زيادة معامل الانزلاق، يتناقص مجال السرعة. يتم تعزيز المجال الحراري لرفع معلمة الإشعاع، ويتم تعزيز ملف تعريف الإنتروبيا لزيادة قيم معلمة برينكمان. قد يكون لنتائج هذا البحث تأثير كبير على الصناعات التي تحتاج إلى التبريد والتدفئة المحليين عبر نفاثات الاصطدام في الأجهزة الإلكترونية وأحواض الحرارة وتقنيات التجفيف وما إلى ذلك. على حد علم المؤلفين، هذا هو أول جهد لتوظيف مائع نانوي هجين لتحليل تكوين الإنتروبيا بسبب تدفق الديناميكا المائية المغناطيسية على ورقة النشا.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Arabian Journal of C...arrow_drop_down
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    Arabian Journal of Chemistry
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Arabian Journal of Chemistry
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/77...
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Arabian Journal of C...arrow_drop_down
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      Arabian Journal of Chemistry
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Arabian Journal of Chemistry
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/77...
      Other literature type . 2023
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/w9...
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    Authors: Umar Farooq; Hassan Waqas; Musaad S. Aldhabani; Nahid Fatima; +4 Authors

    Cette étude examine les caractéristiques des profils de vitesse, de champ thermique et d'entropie pour l'écoulement de nanofluides hybrides traversant une feuille d'amidonnage avec un rayonnement thermique. Les nanotubes de carbone (SWCNT et MWCNT) sont utilisés comme nanoparticules avec flux de chaleur Cattaneo-Christov (CC). L'éthylène glycol est utilisé comme fluide de base dans ce cas. Pour obtenir une solution améliorée, l'écoulement de fluide sur les propriétés géométriques est conçu en utilisant des PDE hautement non linéaires, et les équations gouvernantes doivent être converties en systèmes d'équations non similaires sans dimension en utilisant le schéma de Keller-box bien connu et très efficace dans le logiciel de calcul Matlab. La faisabilité pratique de ces solutions est déterminée par la plage des paramètres de contrôle. La distribution de vitesse diminue à mesure que l'estimation des paramètres magnétiques augmente, cependant, le champ de température et la production d'entropie augmentent à mesure que la fluctuation des paramètres magnétiques diminue. Au fur et à mesure que le paramètre de glissement augmente, le champ de vitesse diminue. Le champ thermique est amélioré pour augmenter le paramètre de rayonnement, et le profil d'entropie est renforcé pour augmenter les valeurs des paramètres de Brinkman. Les résultats de cette recherche pourraient avoir un impact significatif sur les industries où le refroidissement et le chauffage locaux par jets d'impact sont nécessaires dans les appareils électroniques, les dissipateurs thermiques, les technologies de séchage, etc. À la connaissance des auteurs, il s'agit du premier effort visant à utiliser un nanofluide hybride pour analyser la formation d'entropie due au flux magnétohydrodynamique sur une feuille d'amidonnage. Este estudio examina las características de los perfiles de velocidad, campo térmico y entropía para el flujo híbrido de nanofluidos que pasa a través de una lámina de almidón con radiación térmica. Los nanotubos de carbono (SWCNT y MWCNT) se utilizan como nanopartículas con flujo de calor Cattaneo-Christov (CC). El etilenglicol se utiliza como fluido base en este caso. Para lograr una solución mejorada, el flujo de fluido sobre las propiedades geométricas se diseña utilizando PDE altamente no lineales, y las ecuaciones gobernantes deben convertirse en sistemas de ecuaciones no similares adimensionales utilizando el conocido esquema de Keller-box altamente eficiente en el software computacional MATLAB. La viabilidad práctica de estas soluciones está determinada por el rango de los parámetros de control. La distribución de velocidad se reduce a medida que aumenta la estimación del parámetro magnético, sin embargo, el campo de temperatura y la producción de entropía aumentan a medida que la fluctuación del parámetro magnético se aclara. A medida que aumenta el parámetro de deslizamiento, el campo de velocidad disminuye. El campo térmico se mejora para aumentar el parámetro de radiación, y el perfil de entropía se aumenta para aumentar los valores de los parámetros de Brinkman. Los hallazgos de esta investigación podrían tener un impacto significativo en las industrias donde se necesita refrigeración local y calefacción a través de chorros de choque en dispositivos electrónicos, disipadores de calor, tecnologías de secado, etc. Según el conocimiento de los autores, este es el primer esfuerzo para emplear un nanofluido híbrido para analizar la formación de entropía debido al flujo magnetohidrodinámico sobre una lámina de almidón. This study examines the characteristics of the velocity, thermal field and entropy profiles for hybrid nanofluid flow passing through a starching sheet with thermal radiation. The carbon nanotube (SWCNT and MWCNT) are used as a nanoparticles with Cattaneo-Christov (CC) heat flux. Ethylene glycol is utilized as a base fluid in this case. To achieve an improved solution, the fluid flow over the geometric properties is designed using highly non-linear PDEs, and the governing equations must be converted into dimensionless non-similar equation systems using the highly efficient well-known Keller-box scheme in computational software MATLAB. The practical feasibility of these solutions is determined by the range of the controlling parameters. The velocity distribution reduces as the magnetic parameter estimate increases, however, the temperature field and entropy production increase as the magnetic parameter fluctuation esclates. As the slip parameter is increased, the velocity field diminish. The thermal field is enhanced for rising the radiation parameter, and the entropy profile is boosted for increasing Brinkman parameter values. The findings of this research might have a significant impact on industries where local cooling and heating via impingement jets are needed in electronic devices, heat sinks, drying technologies, and so on. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first effort to employ a hybrid nanofluid to analyze entropy formation due to magnetohydrodynamics flow over a starching sheet. تبحث هذه الدراسة في خصائص ملامح السرعة والحقل الحراري والانتروبيا لتدفق السوائل النانوية الهجينة التي تمر عبر ورقة النشا مع الإشعاع الحراري. يتم استخدام الأنبوب النانوي الكربوني (SWCNT و MWCNT) كجسيمات نانوية مع تدفق حراري Cattaneo - Christov (CC). يستخدم جلايكول الإيثيلين كسائل أساسي في هذه الحالة. لتحقيق حل محسّن، تم تصميم تدفق المائع عبر الخصائص الهندسية باستخدام PDEs غير خطية للغاية، ويجب تحويل المعادلات الحاكمة إلى أنظمة معادلات غير متشابهة بلا أبعاد باستخدام مخطط Keller - box المعروف عالي الكفاءة في البرنامج الحاسوبي MATLAB. يتم تحديد الجدوى العملية لهذه الحلول من خلال نطاق معلمات التحكم. ينخفض توزيع السرعة مع زيادة تقدير المعلمة المغناطيسية، ومع ذلك، يزداد مجال درجة الحرارة وإنتاج الإنتروبيا مع تذبذب المعلمة المغناطيسية. مع زيادة معامل الانزلاق، يتناقص مجال السرعة. يتم تعزيز المجال الحراري لرفع معلمة الإشعاع، ويتم تعزيز ملف تعريف الإنتروبيا لزيادة قيم معلمة برينكمان. قد يكون لنتائج هذا البحث تأثير كبير على الصناعات التي تحتاج إلى التبريد والتدفئة المحليين عبر نفاثات الاصطدام في الأجهزة الإلكترونية وأحواض الحرارة وتقنيات التجفيف وما إلى ذلك. على حد علم المؤلفين، هذا هو أول جهد لتوظيف مائع نانوي هجين لتحليل تكوين الإنتروبيا بسبب تدفق الديناميكا المائية المغناطيسية على ورقة النشا.

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    Arabian Journal of Chemistry
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    Authors: Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Asma Shaheen; Ali Mohamed Elyamine; Muhammad Arslan Ashraf; +9 Authors

    The impact of heavy metal, i.e., cadmium (Cd), on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidants machinery (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants), ions uptake, organic acids exudation, and ultra-structure of membranous bounded organelles of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes (Shan 63 and Lu 9803) were investigated with and without the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). Two O. sativa genotypes were grown under different levels of CdCl2 [0 (no Cd), 50 and 100 µM] and then treated with exogenously supplemented ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) [0 (no Fe), 50 and 100 µM] for 21 days. The results revealed that Cd stress significantly (p < 0.05) affected plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, affected antioxidant machinery, sugar contents, and ions uptake/accumulation, and destroy the ultra-structure of many membranous bounded organelles. The findings also showed that Cd toxicity induces oxidative stress biomarkers, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) initiation, and electrolyte leakage (%), which was also manifested by increasing the enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin) and organic acids exudation pattern in both O. sativa genotypes. At the same time, the results also elucidated that the O. sativa genotypes Lu 9803 are more tolerant to Cd stress than Shan 63. Although, results also illustrated that the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) also decreased Cd toxicity in both O. sativa genotypes by increasing antioxidant capacity and thus improved the plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, and decrease oxidative stress in the roots and shoots of O. sativa genotypes. Here, we conclude that the exogenous supplementation of FeSO4 under short-term exposure of Cd stress significantly improved plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, regulate antioxidant defense system, and essential nutrients uptake and maintained the ultra-structure of membranous bounded organelles in O. sativa genotypes.

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    Biomolecules
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    Biomolecules
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    Authors: Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Asma Shaheen; Ali Mohamed Elyamine; Muhammad Arslan Ashraf; +9 Authors

    The impact of heavy metal, i.e., cadmium (Cd), on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidants machinery (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants), ions uptake, organic acids exudation, and ultra-structure of membranous bounded organelles of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes (Shan 63 and Lu 9803) were investigated with and without the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). Two O. sativa genotypes were grown under different levels of CdCl2 [0 (no Cd), 50 and 100 µM] and then treated with exogenously supplemented ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) [0 (no Fe), 50 and 100 µM] for 21 days. The results revealed that Cd stress significantly (p < 0.05) affected plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, affected antioxidant machinery, sugar contents, and ions uptake/accumulation, and destroy the ultra-structure of many membranous bounded organelles. The findings also showed that Cd toxicity induces oxidative stress biomarkers, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) initiation, and electrolyte leakage (%), which was also manifested by increasing the enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin) and organic acids exudation pattern in both O. sativa genotypes. At the same time, the results also elucidated that the O. sativa genotypes Lu 9803 are more tolerant to Cd stress than Shan 63. Although, results also illustrated that the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) also decreased Cd toxicity in both O. sativa genotypes by increasing antioxidant capacity and thus improved the plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, and decrease oxidative stress in the roots and shoots of O. sativa genotypes. Here, we conclude that the exogenous supplementation of FeSO4 under short-term exposure of Cd stress significantly improved plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, regulate antioxidant defense system, and essential nutrients uptake and maintained the ultra-structure of membranous bounded organelles in O. sativa genotypes.

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    Biomolecules
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      Biomolecules
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      Biomolecules
      Article . 2021
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      Biomolecules
      Article . 2020
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    Authors: Haider Niaz; Moonyong Lee; Rofice Dickson; Rofice Dickson; +4 Authors

    Abstract Hydrogen is considered a potential game changer for world energy systems and a solution to climate change concerns, as it generates zero waste and it is suited for power generation and transportation. Despite its several advantages, there are significant technical challenges in deploying a stable hydrogen economy including improving its process efficiencies, lowering production costs, maintaining cost-effective transmission and distribution, and exploiting inexpensive and sustainable feedstocks. In this context, a detailed study was conducted to analyze the production sources, technologies, storage and transport systems, and global potential exportable feedstocks to produce hydrogen. A comprehensive analysis of current hydrogen production technologies with their energy efficiencies and hydrogen selling prices was reported in this study. Various hydrogen production technologies with their capital investments and CO2 emissions were also presented. Potential feedstocks for hydrogen production were identified and analyzed through a product space model, which characterizes a network of global exportable products based on their similarities and productive knowledge. It was established that the hydrogen production feedstocks and sources currently used are primarily available in six countries: the United States of America, France, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Spain. Broadly, the results revealed that the United States of America and Russia shared the highest hydrogen feedstock exports, indicating a higher probability of hydrogen production in these countries. Except for Russia, all the studied countries fell in the most desired quadrant, indicating that they can move in all product space directions to exploit unexplored hydrogen feedstocks for better sustainable economic growth.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
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    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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    Authors: Haider Niaz; Moonyong Lee; Rofice Dickson; Rofice Dickson; +4 Authors

    Abstract Hydrogen is considered a potential game changer for world energy systems and a solution to climate change concerns, as it generates zero waste and it is suited for power generation and transportation. Despite its several advantages, there are significant technical challenges in deploying a stable hydrogen economy including improving its process efficiencies, lowering production costs, maintaining cost-effective transmission and distribution, and exploiting inexpensive and sustainable feedstocks. In this context, a detailed study was conducted to analyze the production sources, technologies, storage and transport systems, and global potential exportable feedstocks to produce hydrogen. A comprehensive analysis of current hydrogen production technologies with their energy efficiencies and hydrogen selling prices was reported in this study. Various hydrogen production technologies with their capital investments and CO2 emissions were also presented. Potential feedstocks for hydrogen production were identified and analyzed through a product space model, which characterizes a network of global exportable products based on their similarities and productive knowledge. It was established that the hydrogen production feedstocks and sources currently used are primarily available in six countries: the United States of America, France, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Spain. Broadly, the results revealed that the United States of America and Russia shared the highest hydrogen feedstock exports, indicating a higher probability of hydrogen production in these countries. Except for Russia, all the studied countries fell in the most desired quadrant, indicating that they can move in all product space directions to exploit unexplored hydrogen feedstocks for better sustainable economic growth.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
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    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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    Authors: Majid Ali; Hamid Ikram; Mariam Mehmood; Adeel Javed; +2 Authors

    Abstract This paper presents a conceptual study of a solar PV integrated refrigeration system for a cold storage facility based on the conventional vapor compression system for banana fruit. In the first stage, the conventional system has been thoroughly analyzed. Mathematical modelling has shown that the condenser is oversized, while the evaporator was undersized. Furthermore, the air-conditioning compressor was also found to be oversized by approximately 12 kW after an evaluation at no-load and full-load conditions. In the second stage, the optimized system with reduced consumption was integrated to a solar PV field. The solar field sizing, and performance optimization of the proposed PV hybrid refrigeration system was accomplished in PV*SOL tool. The simulations demonstrated that with a 170 m2 solar field, an optimized PV hybrid refrigeration system can achieve 58.1% solar fraction at a performance ratio of 59.2%, under given climatic conditions. With net metering, the hybrid system shows a high economic feasibility with the payback period of 5.2 years. The comprehensive methodology and all-inclusive results are valuable to generate explicit recommendations for repowering along with renewable integration of cold storage facilities operating in the region.

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    Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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      Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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    Authors: Majid Ali; Hamid Ikram; Mariam Mehmood; Adeel Javed; +2 Authors

    Abstract This paper presents a conceptual study of a solar PV integrated refrigeration system for a cold storage facility based on the conventional vapor compression system for banana fruit. In the first stage, the conventional system has been thoroughly analyzed. Mathematical modelling has shown that the condenser is oversized, while the evaporator was undersized. Furthermore, the air-conditioning compressor was also found to be oversized by approximately 12 kW after an evaluation at no-load and full-load conditions. In the second stage, the optimized system with reduced consumption was integrated to a solar PV field. The solar field sizing, and performance optimization of the proposed PV hybrid refrigeration system was accomplished in PV*SOL tool. The simulations demonstrated that with a 170 m2 solar field, an optimized PV hybrid refrigeration system can achieve 58.1% solar fraction at a performance ratio of 59.2%, under given climatic conditions. With net metering, the hybrid system shows a high economic feasibility with the payback period of 5.2 years. The comprehensive methodology and all-inclusive results are valuable to generate explicit recommendations for repowering along with renewable integration of cold storage facilities operating in the region.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Sustainable Energy T...arrow_drop_down
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    Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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    Authors: Khawer Khan; Noaman Ul-Haq; Wajeeh Ur Rahman; Muzaffar Ali; +7 Authors

    The synthesis of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas by transesterification is kinetically controlled. It depends on the molar ratio, reaction time, and temperature, as well as the catalyst nature and quantity. The aim of this study was to explore the transesterification of low-cost, inedible J. curcas seed oil utilizing both homogenous (potassium hydroxide; KOH) and heterogenous (calcium oxide; CaO) catalysis. In this effort, two steps were used. First, free fatty acids in J. curcas oil were reduced from 12.4 to less than 1 wt.% with sulfuric acid-catalyzed pretreatment. Transesterification subsequently converted the oil to biodiesel. The yield of fatty acid methyl esters was optimized by varying the reaction time, catalyst load, and methanol-to-oil molar ratio. A maximum yield of 96% was obtained from CaO nanoparticles at a reaction time of 5.5 h with 4 wt.% of the catalyst and an 18:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio. The optimum conditions for KOH were a molar ratio of methanol to oil of 9:1, 5 wt.% of the catalyst, and a reaction time of 3.5 h, and this returned a yield of 92%. The fuel properties of the optimized biodiesel were within the limits specified in ASTM D6751, the American biodiesel standard. In addition, the 5% blends in petroleum diesel were within the ranges prescribed in ASTM D975, the American diesel fuel standard.

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    Authors: Khawer Khan; Noaman Ul-Haq; Wajeeh Ur Rahman; Muzaffar Ali; +7 Authors

    The synthesis of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas by transesterification is kinetically controlled. It depends on the molar ratio, reaction time, and temperature, as well as the catalyst nature and quantity. The aim of this study was to explore the transesterification of low-cost, inedible J. curcas seed oil utilizing both homogenous (potassium hydroxide; KOH) and heterogenous (calcium oxide; CaO) catalysis. In this effort, two steps were used. First, free fatty acids in J. curcas oil were reduced from 12.4 to less than 1 wt.% with sulfuric acid-catalyzed pretreatment. Transesterification subsequently converted the oil to biodiesel. The yield of fatty acid methyl esters was optimized by varying the reaction time, catalyst load, and methanol-to-oil molar ratio. A maximum yield of 96% was obtained from CaO nanoparticles at a reaction time of 5.5 h with 4 wt.% of the catalyst and an 18:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio. The optimum conditions for KOH were a molar ratio of methanol to oil of 9:1, 5 wt.% of the catalyst, and a reaction time of 3.5 h, and this returned a yield of 92%. The fuel properties of the optimized biodiesel were within the limits specified in ASTM D6751, the American biodiesel standard. In addition, the 5% blends in petroleum diesel were within the ranges prescribed in ASTM D975, the American diesel fuel standard.

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    Authors: Faisal Tariq; Salem Alelyani; Ghulam Abbas; Ayman Qahmash; +1 Authors

    One of the most important concerns in the planning and operation of an electric power generation system is the effective scheduling of all power generation facilities to meet growing power demand. Economic load dispatch (ELD) is a phenomenon where an optimal combination of power generating units is selected in such a way as to minimize the total fuel cost while satisfying the load demand, subject to operational constraints. Different numerical and metaheuristic optimization techniques have gained prominent importance and are widely used to solve the nonlinear problem. Although metaheuristic techniques have a good convergence rate than numerical techniques, however, their implementation seems difficult in the presence of nonlinear and dynamic parameters. This work is devoted to solving the ELD problem with the integration of variable energy resources using a modified directional bat algorithm (dBA). Then the proposed technique is validated via different realistic test cases consisting of thermal and renewable energy sources (RESs). From simulation results, it is observed that dBA reduces the operational cost with less computational time and has better convergence characteristics than that of standard BA and other popular techniques like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA).

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    Authors: Faisal Tariq; Salem Alelyani; Ghulam Abbas; Ayman Qahmash; +1 Authors

    One of the most important concerns in the planning and operation of an electric power generation system is the effective scheduling of all power generation facilities to meet growing power demand. Economic load dispatch (ELD) is a phenomenon where an optimal combination of power generating units is selected in such a way as to minimize the total fuel cost while satisfying the load demand, subject to operational constraints. Different numerical and metaheuristic optimization techniques have gained prominent importance and are widely used to solve the nonlinear problem. Although metaheuristic techniques have a good convergence rate than numerical techniques, however, their implementation seems difficult in the presence of nonlinear and dynamic parameters. This work is devoted to solving the ELD problem with the integration of variable energy resources using a modified directional bat algorithm (dBA). Then the proposed technique is validated via different realistic test cases consisting of thermal and renewable energy sources (RESs). From simulation results, it is observed that dBA reduces the operational cost with less computational time and has better convergence characteristics than that of standard BA and other popular techniques like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA).

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    Authors: Mariana A. Fraga; Rodrigo Sávio Pessoa; Ghulam Ali;
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: John Wunderlich; Gary G. Meadows; Dinah S. Singer; Michele Wallendal; +1 Authors

    Treatment of mice in vivo with 5% w/v ethanol given in a liquid diet causes marked changes in spleen, peripheral blood, and thymus lymphocytes. In both the thymus and spleen, there is an acute cellular depletion resulting in a significant decrease in gross tissue size and cell number. In spleen and peripheral blood, the percentage of T lymphocytes is increased relative to B lymphocytes, but the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cell sub‐populations remains unchanged. Splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity is increased in ethanol‐consuming mice, although the percentage of NK1.1+ cells is relatively unchanged.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Alcoholism Clinical ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research
    Article . 1992 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Alcoholism Clinical ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research
      Article . 1992 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: John Wunderlich; Gary G. Meadows; Dinah S. Singer; Michele Wallendal; +1 Authors

    Treatment of mice in vivo with 5% w/v ethanol given in a liquid diet causes marked changes in spleen, peripheral blood, and thymus lymphocytes. In both the thymus and spleen, there is an acute cellular depletion resulting in a significant decrease in gross tissue size and cell number. In spleen and peripheral blood, the percentage of T lymphocytes is increased relative to B lymphocytes, but the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cell sub‐populations remains unchanged. Splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity is increased in ethanol‐consuming mice, although the percentage of NK1.1+ cells is relatively unchanged.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Alcoholism Clinical ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research
    Article . 1992 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Alcoholism Clinical ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research
      Article . 1992 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Saydaliev, Hayot Berk; Lan, Jing; Anser, Muhammad Khalid; Ali, Sajid; +1 Authors

    Renewable energy has become more popular since it is cost-effective and more efficient than conventional energy sources. Biomass-based renewable energy is primarily used in emerging economies to ensure environmental sustainability. This study examines the asymmetric correlation between biomass energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the top-10 biomass energy consumer countries (Brazil, Canada, Thailand, China, Italy, India, Germany, USA, UK, and Japan). A new approach "Quantile-onQuantile (QQ)" is employed by utilizing the data from 1991 to 2018. Biomass energy consumption, with the exception of Thailand, significantly mitigates CO2 emissions at various quantiles in selected countries. As a robustness check, we used the quantile regression test, whose findings are consistent with the outcomes from the quantile-on-quantile method. However, the degree of asymmetry in the biomass energy-CO2 nexus varies by country, necessitating extra attention and government vigilance when developing biomass energy and environmental policies.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable Energy
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Saydaliev, Hayot Berk; Lan, Jing; Anser, Muhammad Khalid; Ali, Sajid; +1 Authors

    Renewable energy has become more popular since it is cost-effective and more efficient than conventional energy sources. Biomass-based renewable energy is primarily used in emerging economies to ensure environmental sustainability. This study examines the asymmetric correlation between biomass energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the top-10 biomass energy consumer countries (Brazil, Canada, Thailand, China, Italy, India, Germany, USA, UK, and Japan). A new approach "Quantile-onQuantile (QQ)" is employed by utilizing the data from 1991 to 2018. Biomass energy consumption, with the exception of Thailand, significantly mitigates CO2 emissions at various quantiles in selected countries. As a robustness check, we used the quantile regression test, whose findings are consistent with the outcomes from the quantile-on-quantile method. However, the degree of asymmetry in the biomass energy-CO2 nexus varies by country, necessitating extra attention and government vigilance when developing biomass energy and environmental policies.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable Energy
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • Authors: Assemblée mondiale de la Santé, 11;
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  • Authors: Assemblée mondiale de la Santé, 11;
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Umar Farooq; Hassan Waqas; Musaad S. Aldhabani; Nahid Fatima; +4 Authors

    Cette étude examine les caractéristiques des profils de vitesse, de champ thermique et d'entropie pour l'écoulement de nanofluides hybrides traversant une feuille d'amidonnage avec un rayonnement thermique. Les nanotubes de carbone (SWCNT et MWCNT) sont utilisés comme nanoparticules avec flux de chaleur Cattaneo-Christov (CC). L'éthylène glycol est utilisé comme fluide de base dans ce cas. Pour obtenir une solution améliorée, l'écoulement de fluide sur les propriétés géométriques est conçu en utilisant des PDE hautement non linéaires, et les équations gouvernantes doivent être converties en systèmes d'équations non similaires sans dimension en utilisant le schéma de Keller-box bien connu et très efficace dans le logiciel de calcul Matlab. La faisabilité pratique de ces solutions est déterminée par la plage des paramètres de contrôle. La distribution de vitesse diminue à mesure que l'estimation des paramètres magnétiques augmente, cependant, le champ de température et la production d'entropie augmentent à mesure que la fluctuation des paramètres magnétiques diminue. Au fur et à mesure que le paramètre de glissement augmente, le champ de vitesse diminue. Le champ thermique est amélioré pour augmenter le paramètre de rayonnement, et le profil d'entropie est renforcé pour augmenter les valeurs des paramètres de Brinkman. Les résultats de cette recherche pourraient avoir un impact significatif sur les industries où le refroidissement et le chauffage locaux par jets d'impact sont nécessaires dans les appareils électroniques, les dissipateurs thermiques, les technologies de séchage, etc. À la connaissance des auteurs, il s'agit du premier effort visant à utiliser un nanofluide hybride pour analyser la formation d'entropie due au flux magnétohydrodynamique sur une feuille d'amidonnage. Este estudio examina las características de los perfiles de velocidad, campo térmico y entropía para el flujo híbrido de nanofluidos que pasa a través de una lámina de almidón con radiación térmica. Los nanotubos de carbono (SWCNT y MWCNT) se utilizan como nanopartículas con flujo de calor Cattaneo-Christov (CC). El etilenglicol se utiliza como fluido base en este caso. Para lograr una solución mejorada, el flujo de fluido sobre las propiedades geométricas se diseña utilizando PDE altamente no lineales, y las ecuaciones gobernantes deben convertirse en sistemas de ecuaciones no similares adimensionales utilizando el conocido esquema de Keller-box altamente eficiente en el software computacional MATLAB. La viabilidad práctica de estas soluciones está determinada por el rango de los parámetros de control. La distribución de velocidad se reduce a medida que aumenta la estimación del parámetro magnético, sin embargo, el campo de temperatura y la producción de entropía aumentan a medida que la fluctuación del parámetro magnético se aclara. A medida que aumenta el parámetro de deslizamiento, el campo de velocidad disminuye. El campo térmico se mejora para aumentar el parámetro de radiación, y el perfil de entropía se aumenta para aumentar los valores de los parámetros de Brinkman. Los hallazgos de esta investigación podrían tener un impacto significativo en las industrias donde se necesita refrigeración local y calefacción a través de chorros de choque en dispositivos electrónicos, disipadores de calor, tecnologías de secado, etc. Según el conocimiento de los autores, este es el primer esfuerzo para emplear un nanofluido híbrido para analizar la formación de entropía debido al flujo magnetohidrodinámico sobre una lámina de almidón. This study examines the characteristics of the velocity, thermal field and entropy profiles for hybrid nanofluid flow passing through a starching sheet with thermal radiation. The carbon nanotube (SWCNT and MWCNT) are used as a nanoparticles with Cattaneo-Christov (CC) heat flux. Ethylene glycol is utilized as a base fluid in this case. To achieve an improved solution, the fluid flow over the geometric properties is designed using highly non-linear PDEs, and the governing equations must be converted into dimensionless non-similar equation systems using the highly efficient well-known Keller-box scheme in computational software MATLAB. The practical feasibility of these solutions is determined by the range of the controlling parameters. The velocity distribution reduces as the magnetic parameter estimate increases, however, the temperature field and entropy production increase as the magnetic parameter fluctuation esclates. As the slip parameter is increased, the velocity field diminish. The thermal field is enhanced for rising the radiation parameter, and the entropy profile is boosted for increasing Brinkman parameter values. The findings of this research might have a significant impact on industries where local cooling and heating via impingement jets are needed in electronic devices, heat sinks, drying technologies, and so on. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first effort to employ a hybrid nanofluid to analyze entropy formation due to magnetohydrodynamics flow over a starching sheet. تبحث هذه الدراسة في خصائص ملامح السرعة والحقل الحراري والانتروبيا لتدفق السوائل النانوية الهجينة التي تمر عبر ورقة النشا مع الإشعاع الحراري. يتم استخدام الأنبوب النانوي الكربوني (SWCNT و MWCNT) كجسيمات نانوية مع تدفق حراري Cattaneo - Christov (CC). يستخدم جلايكول الإيثيلين كسائل أساسي في هذه الحالة. لتحقيق حل محسّن، تم تصميم تدفق المائع عبر الخصائص الهندسية باستخدام PDEs غير خطية للغاية، ويجب تحويل المعادلات الحاكمة إلى أنظمة معادلات غير متشابهة بلا أبعاد باستخدام مخطط Keller - box المعروف عالي الكفاءة في البرنامج الحاسوبي MATLAB. يتم تحديد الجدوى العملية لهذه الحلول من خلال نطاق معلمات التحكم. ينخفض توزيع السرعة مع زيادة تقدير المعلمة المغناطيسية، ومع ذلك، يزداد مجال درجة الحرارة وإنتاج الإنتروبيا مع تذبذب المعلمة المغناطيسية. مع زيادة معامل الانزلاق، يتناقص مجال السرعة. يتم تعزيز المجال الحراري لرفع معلمة الإشعاع، ويتم تعزيز ملف تعريف الإنتروبيا لزيادة قيم معلمة برينكمان. قد يكون لنتائج هذا البحث تأثير كبير على الصناعات التي تحتاج إلى التبريد والتدفئة المحليين عبر نفاثات الاصطدام في الأجهزة الإلكترونية وأحواض الحرارة وتقنيات التجفيف وما إلى ذلك. على حد علم المؤلفين، هذا هو أول جهد لتوظيف مائع نانوي هجين لتحليل تكوين الإنتروبيا بسبب تدفق الديناميكا المائية المغناطيسية على ورقة النشا.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Arabian Journal of C...arrow_drop_down
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    Arabian Journal of Chemistry
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Arabian Journal of Chemistry
    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Arabian Journal of C...arrow_drop_down
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      Arabian Journal of Chemistry
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Arabian Journal of Chemistry
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    Authors: Umar Farooq; Hassan Waqas; Musaad S. Aldhabani; Nahid Fatima; +4 Authors

    Cette étude examine les caractéristiques des profils de vitesse, de champ thermique et d'entropie pour l'écoulement de nanofluides hybrides traversant une feuille d'amidonnage avec un rayonnement thermique. Les nanotubes de carbone (SWCNT et MWCNT) sont utilisés comme nanoparticules avec flux de chaleur Cattaneo-Christov (CC). L'éthylène glycol est utilisé comme fluide de base dans ce cas. Pour obtenir une solution améliorée, l'écoulement de fluide sur les propriétés géométriques est conçu en utilisant des PDE hautement non linéaires, et les équations gouvernantes doivent être converties en systèmes d'équations non similaires sans dimension en utilisant le schéma de Keller-box bien connu et très efficace dans le logiciel de calcul Matlab. La faisabilité pratique de ces solutions est déterminée par la plage des paramètres de contrôle. La distribution de vitesse diminue à mesure que l'estimation des paramètres magnétiques augmente, cependant, le champ de température et la production d'entropie augmentent à mesure que la fluctuation des paramètres magnétiques diminue. Au fur et à mesure que le paramètre de glissement augmente, le champ de vitesse diminue. Le champ thermique est amélioré pour augmenter le paramètre de rayonnement, et le profil d'entropie est renforcé pour augmenter les valeurs des paramètres de Brinkman. Les résultats de cette recherche pourraient avoir un impact significatif sur les industries où le refroidissement et le chauffage locaux par jets d'impact sont nécessaires dans les appareils électroniques, les dissipateurs thermiques, les technologies de séchage, etc. À la connaissance des auteurs, il s'agit du premier effort visant à utiliser un nanofluide hybride pour analyser la formation d'entropie due au flux magnétohydrodynamique sur une feuille d'amidonnage. Este estudio examina las características de los perfiles de velocidad, campo térmico y entropía para el flujo híbrido de nanofluidos que pasa a través de una lámina de almidón con radiación térmica. Los nanotubos de carbono (SWCNT y MWCNT) se utilizan como nanopartículas con flujo de calor Cattaneo-Christov (CC). El etilenglicol se utiliza como fluido base en este caso. Para lograr una solución mejorada, el flujo de fluido sobre las propiedades geométricas se diseña utilizando PDE altamente no lineales, y las ecuaciones gobernantes deben convertirse en sistemas de ecuaciones no similares adimensionales utilizando el conocido esquema de Keller-box altamente eficiente en el software computacional MATLAB. La viabilidad práctica de estas soluciones está determinada por el rango de los parámetros de control. La distribución de velocidad se reduce a medida que aumenta la estimación del parámetro magnético, sin embargo, el campo de temperatura y la producción de entropía aumentan a medida que la fluctuación del parámetro magnético se aclara. A medida que aumenta el parámetro de deslizamiento, el campo de velocidad disminuye. El campo térmico se mejora para aumentar el parámetro de radiación, y el perfil de entropía se aumenta para aumentar los valores de los parámetros de Brinkman. Los hallazgos de esta investigación podrían tener un impacto significativo en las industrias donde se necesita refrigeración local y calefacción a través de chorros de choque en dispositivos electrónicos, disipadores de calor, tecnologías de secado, etc. Según el conocimiento de los autores, este es el primer esfuerzo para emplear un nanofluido híbrido para analizar la formación de entropía debido al flujo magnetohidrodinámico sobre una lámina de almidón. This study examines the characteristics of the velocity, thermal field and entropy profiles for hybrid nanofluid flow passing through a starching sheet with thermal radiation. The carbon nanotube (SWCNT and MWCNT) are used as a nanoparticles with Cattaneo-Christov (CC) heat flux. Ethylene glycol is utilized as a base fluid in this case. To achieve an improved solution, the fluid flow over the geometric properties is designed using highly non-linear PDEs, and the governing equations must be converted into dimensionless non-similar equation systems using the highly efficient well-known Keller-box scheme in computational software MATLAB. The practical feasibility of these solutions is determined by the range of the controlling parameters. The velocity distribution reduces as the magnetic parameter estimate increases, however, the temperature field and entropy production increase as the magnetic parameter fluctuation esclates. As the slip parameter is increased, the velocity field diminish. The thermal field is enhanced for rising the radiation parameter, and the entropy profile is boosted for increasing Brinkman parameter values. The findings of this research might have a significant impact on industries where local cooling and heating via impingement jets are needed in electronic devices, heat sinks, drying technologies, and so on. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first effort to employ a hybrid nanofluid to analyze entropy formation due to magnetohydrodynamics flow over a starching sheet. تبحث هذه الدراسة في خصائص ملامح السرعة والحقل الحراري والانتروبيا لتدفق السوائل النانوية الهجينة التي تمر عبر ورقة النشا مع الإشعاع الحراري. يتم استخدام الأنبوب النانوي الكربوني (SWCNT و MWCNT) كجسيمات نانوية مع تدفق حراري Cattaneo - Christov (CC). يستخدم جلايكول الإيثيلين كسائل أساسي في هذه الحالة. لتحقيق حل محسّن، تم تصميم تدفق المائع عبر الخصائص الهندسية باستخدام PDEs غير خطية للغاية، ويجب تحويل المعادلات الحاكمة إلى أنظمة معادلات غير متشابهة بلا أبعاد باستخدام مخطط Keller - box المعروف عالي الكفاءة في البرنامج الحاسوبي MATLAB. يتم تحديد الجدوى العملية لهذه الحلول من خلال نطاق معلمات التحكم. ينخفض توزيع السرعة مع زيادة تقدير المعلمة المغناطيسية، ومع ذلك، يزداد مجال درجة الحرارة وإنتاج الإنتروبيا مع تذبذب المعلمة المغناطيسية. مع زيادة معامل الانزلاق، يتناقص مجال السرعة. يتم تعزيز المجال الحراري لرفع معلمة الإشعاع، ويتم تعزيز ملف تعريف الإنتروبيا لزيادة قيم معلمة برينكمان. قد يكون لنتائج هذا البحث تأثير كبير على الصناعات التي تحتاج إلى التبريد والتدفئة المحليين عبر نفاثات الاصطدام في الأجهزة الإلكترونية وأحواض الحرارة وتقنيات التجفيف وما إلى ذلك. على حد علم المؤلفين، هذا هو أول جهد لتوظيف مائع نانوي هجين لتحليل تكوين الإنتروبيا بسبب تدفق الديناميكا المائية المغناطيسية على ورقة النشا.

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    Arabian Journal of Chemistry
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    Arabian Journal of Chemistry
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    Authors: Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Asma Shaheen; Ali Mohamed Elyamine; Muhammad Arslan Ashraf; +9 Authors

    The impact of heavy metal, i.e., cadmium (Cd), on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidants machinery (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants), ions uptake, organic acids exudation, and ultra-structure of membranous bounded organelles of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes (Shan 63 and Lu 9803) were investigated with and without the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). Two O. sativa genotypes were grown under different levels of CdCl2 [0 (no Cd), 50 and 100 µM] and then treated with exogenously supplemented ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) [0 (no Fe), 50 and 100 µM] for 21 days. The results revealed that Cd stress significantly (p < 0.05) affected plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, affected antioxidant machinery, sugar contents, and ions uptake/accumulation, and destroy the ultra-structure of many membranous bounded organelles. The findings also showed that Cd toxicity induces oxidative stress biomarkers, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) initiation, and electrolyte leakage (%), which was also manifested by increasing the enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin) and organic acids exudation pattern in both O. sativa genotypes. At the same time, the results also elucidated that the O. sativa genotypes Lu 9803 are more tolerant to Cd stress than Shan 63. Although, results also illustrated that the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) also decreased Cd toxicity in both O. sativa genotypes by increasing antioxidant capacity and thus improved the plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, and decrease oxidative stress in the roots and shoots of O. sativa genotypes. Here, we conclude that the exogenous supplementation of FeSO4 under short-term exposure of Cd stress significantly improved plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, regulate antioxidant defense system, and essential nutrients uptake and maintained the ultra-structure of membranous bounded organelles in O. sativa genotypes.

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    Biomolecules
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    Authors: Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Asma Shaheen; Ali Mohamed Elyamine; Muhammad Arslan Ashraf; +9 Authors

    The impact of heavy metal, i.e., cadmium (Cd), on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidants machinery (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants), ions uptake, organic acids exudation, and ultra-structure of membranous bounded organelles of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes (Shan 63 and Lu 9803) were investigated with and without the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). Two O. sativa genotypes were grown under different levels of CdCl2 [0 (no Cd), 50 and 100 µM] and then treated with exogenously supplemented ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) [0 (no Fe), 50 and 100 µM] for 21 days. The results revealed that Cd stress significantly (p < 0.05) affected plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, affected antioxidant machinery, sugar contents, and ions uptake/accumulation, and destroy the ultra-structure of many membranous bounded organelles. The findings also showed that Cd toxicity induces oxidative stress biomarkers, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) initiation, and electrolyte leakage (%), which was also manifested by increasing the enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin) and organic acids exudation pattern in both O. sativa genotypes. At the same time, the results also elucidated that the O. sativa genotypes Lu 9803 are more tolerant to Cd stress than Shan 63. Although, results also illustrated that the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) also decreased Cd toxicity in both O. sativa genotypes by increasing antioxidant capacity and thus improved the plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, and decrease oxidative stress in the roots and shoots of O. sativa genotypes. Here, we conclude that the exogenous supplementation of FeSO4 under short-term exposure of Cd stress significantly improved plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, regulate antioxidant defense system, and essential nutrients uptake and maintained the ultra-structure of membranous bounded organelles in O. sativa genotypes.

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      Biomolecules
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      Biomolecules
      Article . 2021
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      Biomolecules
      Article . 2020
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    Authors: Haider Niaz; Moonyong Lee; Rofice Dickson; Rofice Dickson; +4 Authors

    Abstract Hydrogen is considered a potential game changer for world energy systems and a solution to climate change concerns, as it generates zero waste and it is suited for power generation and transportation. Despite its several advantages, there are significant technical challenges in deploying a stable hydrogen economy including improving its process efficiencies, lowering production costs, maintaining cost-effective transmission and distribution, and exploiting inexpensive and sustainable feedstocks. In this context, a detailed study was conducted to analyze the production sources, technologies, storage and transport systems, and global potential exportable feedstocks to produce hydrogen. A comprehensive analysis of current hydrogen production technologies with their energy efficiencies and hydrogen selling prices was reported in this study. Various hydrogen production technologies with their capital investments and CO2 emissions were also presented. Potential feedstocks for hydrogen production were identified and analyzed through a product space model, which characterizes a network of global exportable products based on their similarities and productive knowledge. It was established that the hydrogen production feedstocks and sources currently used are primarily available in six countries: the United States of America, France, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Spain. Broadly, the results revealed that the United States of America and Russia shared the highest hydrogen feedstock exports, indicating a higher probability of hydrogen production in these countries. Except for Russia, all the studied countries fell in the most desired quadrant, indicating that they can move in all product space directions to exploit unexplored hydrogen feedstocks for better sustainable economic growth.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
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    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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    Authors: Haider Niaz; Moonyong Lee; Rofice Dickson; Rofice Dickson; +4 Authors

    Abstract Hydrogen is considered a potential game changer for world energy systems and a solution to climate change concerns, as it generates zero waste and it is suited for power generation and transportation. Despite its several advantages, there are significant technical challenges in deploying a stable hydrogen economy including improving its process efficiencies, lowering production costs, maintaining cost-effective transmission and distribution, and exploiting inexpensive and sustainable feedstocks. In this context, a detailed study was conducted to analyze the production sources, technologies, storage and transport systems, and global potential exportable feedstocks to produce hydrogen. A comprehensive analysis of current hydrogen production technologies with their energy efficiencies and hydrogen selling prices was reported in this study. Various hydrogen production technologies with their capital investments and CO2 emissions were also presented. Potential feedstocks for hydrogen production were identified and analyzed through a product space model, which characterizes a network of global exportable products based on their similarities and productive knowledge. It was established that the hydrogen production feedstocks and sources currently used are primarily available in six countries: the United States of America, France, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Spain. Broadly, the results revealed that the United States of America and Russia shared the highest hydrogen feedstock exports, indicating a higher probability of hydrogen production in these countries. Except for Russia, all the studied countries fell in the most desired quadrant, indicating that they can move in all product space directions to exploit unexplored hydrogen feedstocks for better sustainable economic growth.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
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    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Majid Ali; Hamid Ikram; Mariam Mehmood; Adeel Javed; +2 Authors

    Abstract This paper presents a conceptual study of a solar PV integrated refrigeration system for a cold storage facility based on the conventional vapor compression system for banana fruit. In the first stage, the conventional system has been thoroughly analyzed. Mathematical modelling has shown that the condenser is oversized, while the evaporator was undersized. Furthermore, the air-conditioning compressor was also found to be oversized by approximately 12 kW after an evaluation at no-load and full-load conditions. In the second stage, the optimized system with reduced consumption was integrated to a solar PV field. The solar field sizing, and performance optimization of the proposed PV hybrid refrigeration system was accomplished in PV*SOL tool. The simulations demonstrated that with a 170 m2 solar field, an optimized PV hybrid refrigeration system can achieve 58.1% solar fraction at a performance ratio of 59.2%, under given climatic conditions. With net metering, the hybrid system shows a high economic feasibility with the payback period of 5.2 years. The comprehensive methodology and all-inclusive results are valuable to generate explicit recommendations for repowering along with renewable integration of cold storage facilities operating in the region.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Sustainable Energy T...arrow_drop_down
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    Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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    Authors: Majid Ali; Hamid Ikram; Mariam Mehmood; Adeel Javed; +2 Authors

    Abstract This paper presents a conceptual study of a solar PV integrated refrigeration system for a cold storage facility based on the conventional vapor compression system for banana fruit. In the first stage, the conventional system has been thoroughly analyzed. Mathematical modelling has shown that the condenser is oversized, while the evaporator was undersized. Furthermore, the air-conditioning compressor was also found to be oversized by approximately 12 kW after an evaluation at no-load and full-load conditions. In the second stage, the optimized system with reduced consumption was integrated to a solar PV field. The solar field sizing, and performance optimization of the proposed PV hybrid refrigeration system was accomplished in PV*SOL tool. The simulations demonstrated that with a 170 m2 solar field, an optimized PV hybrid refrigeration system can achieve 58.1% solar fraction at a performance ratio of 59.2%, under given climatic conditions. With net metering, the hybrid system shows a high economic feasibility with the payback period of 5.2 years. The comprehensive methodology and all-inclusive results are valuable to generate explicit recommendations for repowering along with renewable integration of cold storage facilities operating in the region.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Sustainable Energy T...arrow_drop_down
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    Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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    Authors: Khawer Khan; Noaman Ul-Haq; Wajeeh Ur Rahman; Muzaffar Ali; +7 Authors

    The synthesis of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas by transesterification is kinetically controlled. It depends on the molar ratio, reaction time, and temperature, as well as the catalyst nature and quantity. The aim of this study was to explore the transesterification of low-cost, inedible J. curcas seed oil utilizing both homogenous (potassium hydroxide; KOH) and heterogenous (calcium oxide; CaO) catalysis. In this effort, two steps were used. First, free fatty acids in J. curcas oil were reduced from 12.4 to less than 1 wt.% with sulfuric acid-catalyzed pretreatment. Transesterification subsequently converted the oil to biodiesel. The yield of fatty acid methyl esters was optimized by varying the reaction time, catalyst load, and methanol-to-oil molar ratio. A maximum yield of 96% was obtained from CaO nanoparticles at a reaction time of 5.5 h with 4 wt.% of the catalyst and an 18:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio. The optimum conditions for KOH were a molar ratio of methanol to oil of 9:1, 5 wt.% of the catalyst, and a reaction time of 3.5 h, and this returned a yield of 92%. The fuel properties of the optimized biodiesel were within the limits specified in ASTM D6751, the American biodiesel standard. In addition, the 5% blends in petroleum diesel were within the ranges prescribed in ASTM D975, the American diesel fuel standard.

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    Authors: Khawer Khan; Noaman Ul-Haq; Wajeeh Ur Rahman; Muzaffar Ali; +7 Authors

    The synthesis of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas by transesterification is kinetically controlled. It depends on the molar ratio, reaction time, and temperature, as well as the catalyst nature and quantity. The aim of this study was to explore the transesterification of low-cost, inedible J. curcas seed oil utilizing both homogenous (potassium hydroxide; KOH) and heterogenous (calcium oxide; CaO) catalysis. In this effort, two steps were used. First, free fatty acids in J. curcas oil were reduced from 12.4 to less than 1 wt.% with sulfuric acid-catalyzed pretreatment. Transesterification subsequently converted the oil to biodiesel. The yield of fatty acid methyl esters was optimized by varying the reaction time, catalyst load, and methanol-to-oil molar ratio. A maximum yield of 96% was obtained from CaO nanoparticles at a reaction time of 5.5 h with 4 wt.% of the catalyst and an 18:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio. The optimum conditions for KOH were a molar ratio of methanol to oil of 9:1, 5 wt.% of the catalyst, and a reaction time of 3.5 h, and this returned a yield of 92%. The fuel properties of the optimized biodiesel were within the limits specified in ASTM D6751, the American biodiesel standard. In addition, the 5% blends in petroleum diesel were within the ranges prescribed in ASTM D975, the American diesel fuel standard.

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    Authors: Faisal Tariq; Salem Alelyani; Ghulam Abbas; Ayman Qahmash; +1 Authors

    One of the most important concerns in the planning and operation of an electric power generation system is the effective scheduling of all power generation facilities to meet growing power demand. Economic load dispatch (ELD) is a phenomenon where an optimal combination of power generating units is selected in such a way as to minimize the total fuel cost while satisfying the load demand, subject to operational constraints. Different numerical and metaheuristic optimization techniques have gained prominent importance and are widely used to solve the nonlinear problem. Although metaheuristic techniques have a good convergence rate than numerical techniques, however, their implementation seems difficult in the presence of nonlinear and dynamic parameters. This work is devoted to solving the ELD problem with the integration of variable energy resources using a modified directional bat algorithm (dBA). Then the proposed technique is validated via different realistic test cases consisting of thermal and renewable energy sources (RESs). From simulation results, it is observed that dBA reduces the operational cost with less computational time and has better convergence characteristics than that of standard BA and other popular techniques like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA).

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    Authors: Faisal Tariq; Salem Alelyani; Ghulam Abbas; Ayman Qahmash; +1 Authors

    One of the most important concerns in the planning and operation of an electric power generation system is the effective scheduling of all power generation facilities to meet growing power demand. Economic load dispatch (ELD) is a phenomenon where an optimal combination of power generating units is selected in such a way as to minimize the total fuel cost while satisfying the load demand, subject to operational constraints. Different numerical and metaheuristic optimization techniques have gained prominent importance and are widely used to solve the nonlinear problem. Although metaheuristic techniques have a good convergence rate than numerical techniques, however, their implementation seems difficult in the presence of nonlinear and dynamic parameters. This work is devoted to solving the ELD problem with the integration of variable energy resources using a modified directional bat algorithm (dBA). Then the proposed technique is validated via different realistic test cases consisting of thermal and renewable energy sources (RESs). From simulation results, it is observed that dBA reduces the operational cost with less computational time and has better convergence characteristics than that of standard BA and other popular techniques like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA).

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    Authors: Mariana A. Fraga; Rodrigo Sávio Pessoa; Ghulam Ali;
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Mechani...arrow_drop_down
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      Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering
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      Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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