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Environmental quality indicators are crucial for responsive and cost-effective policies. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between environmental quality indicators and financial development in Malaysia. For this purpose, the number of environmental quality indicators has been used, i.e., air pollution measured by carbon dioxide emissions, population density per square kilometer of land area, agricultural production measured by cereal production and livestock production, and energy resources considered by energy use and fossil fuel energy consumption, which placed an impact on the financial development of the country. The study used four main financial indicators, i.e., broad money supply (M2), domestic credit provided by the financial sector (DCFS), domestic credit to the private sector (DCPC), and inflation (CPI), which each financial indicator separately estimated with the environmental quality indicators, over a period of 1975-2013. The study used the generalized method of moments (GMM) technique to minimize the simultaneity from the model. The results show that carbon dioxide emissions exert the positive correlation with the M2, DCFC, and DCPC, while there is a negative correlation with the CPI. However, these results have been evaporated from the GMM estimates, where carbon emissions have no significant relationship with any of the four financial indicators in Malaysia. The GMM results show that population density has a negative relationship with the all four financial indicators; however, in case of M2, this relationship is insignificant to explain their result. Cereal production has a positive relationship with the DCPC, while there is a negative relationship with the CPI. Livestock production exerts the positive relationship with the all four financial indicators; however, this relationship with the CPI has a more elastic relationship, while the remaining relationship is less elastic with the three financial indicators in a country. Energy resources comprise energy use and fossil fuel energy consumption, both have distinct results with the financial indicators, as energy demand have a positive and significant relationship with the DCFC, DCPC, and CPI, while fossil fuel energy consumption have a negative relationship with these three financial indicators. The results of the study are of value to both environmentalists and policy makers.

L'industrialisation en plein essor a intensifié la demande d'énergie et amplifié l'insistance sur l'épuisement des réservoirs à base de pétrole. Par la suite, cela a imposé une étude pour identifier les sources alternatives renouvelables. L'utilisation de ressources renouvelables favorise la production d'énergie associée à la durabilité environnementale. Les piles à combustible microbiennes (PFCM) ont un rôle encourageant dans la production d'énergie électrique durable et viable. Il transforme l'énergie chimique en énergie électrique à l'aide de micro-organismes agissant comme biocatalyseurs. Il s'agit d'une technologie émergente qui a le potentiel de traiter simultanément les eaux usées avec la production de bioélectricité. Cependant, la mise à l'échelle de cette technologie est un défi majeur car une pléthore de contraintes techniques limite son application dans le monde réel. Cette revue met en évidence les performances du MFC en termes de production d'énergie en utilisant diverses eaux usées comme substrat. De plus, il met en lumière différents modèles, mécanismes et paramètres MFC affectant les performances MFC ainsi que leurs avantages et inconvénients pour générer une puissance de sortie maximale. Il conclut les moyens possibles de lutter contre ses inconvénients et discute de ses perspectives d'avenir. La creciente industrialización ha intensificado la demanda de energía y ha amplificado la insistencia en agotar los yacimientos a base de petróleo. Posteriormente, esto ha impuesto un estudio para identificar fuentes alternativas renovables. El empleo de recursos renovables promueve la producción de energía junto con la sostenibilidad ambiental. Las pilas de combustible microbianas (MFC) tienen un papel alentador en la producción de energía eléctrica sostenible y viable. Transforma la energía química en energía eléctrica con la ayuda de microorganismos que actúan como biocatalizadores. Es una tecnología emergente que tiene el potencial de tratar las aguas residuales con la producción de bioelectricidad de forma simultánea. Sin embargo, ampliar esta tecnología es un gran desafío, ya que una gran cantidad de limitaciones técnicas limita su aplicación en el mundo real. Esta revisión destaca el rendimiento de MFC en términos de generación de energía mediante la utilización de varias aguas residuales como sustrato. Además, arroja luz sobre diferentes diseños, mecanismos y parámetros de MFC que afectan el rendimiento de MFC junto con sus ventajas y desventajas para generar la máxima potencia de salida. Concluye posibles formas de combatir sus inconvenientes y discute sus perspectivas de futuro. Burgeoning industrialization has escalated the energy demand and amplified the insistence on depleting petroleum-based reservoirs. Subsequently, this has imposed a study to pinpoint renewable alternative sources. Employing renewable resources promotes energy production coupled with environmental sustainability. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have an encouraging role in producing sustainable and viable electrical energy. It transforms chemical energy into electrical energy with the assistance of microorganisms acting as biocatalysts. It is an emerging technology that has the potential to treat wastewater with bioelectricity production simultaneously. However, scaling up this technology is a major challenge as a plethora of technical constraints limits its application in the real world. This review highlights MFC performance in terms of power generation by utilizing various wastewaters as substrate. Moreover, it sheds light on different MFC designs, mechanisms, and parameters affecting MFC performance along with their pros and cons to generate maximum power output. It concludes possible ways to combat its drawbacks and discusses its future prospects. أدى التصنيع المزدهر إلى تصعيد الطلب على الطاقة وتضخيم الإصرار على استنفاد الخزانات القائمة على النفط. وفي وقت لاحق، فرض هذا دراسة لتحديد المصادر البديلة المتجددة. يعزز استخدام الموارد المتجددة إنتاج الطاقة إلى جانب الاستدامة البيئية. تلعب خلايا الوقود الميكروبية (MFCs) دورًا مشجعًا في إنتاج طاقة كهربائية مستدامة وقابلة للحياة. فهو يحول الطاقة الكيميائية إلى طاقة كهربائية بمساعدة الكائنات الحية الدقيقة التي تعمل كمحفزات حيوية. إنها تقنية ناشئة لديها القدرة على معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي مع إنتاج الكهرباء الحيوية في وقت واحد. ومع ذلك، فإن توسيع نطاق هذه التكنولوجيا يمثل تحديًا كبيرًا لأن عددًا كبيرًا من القيود التقنية يحد من تطبيقها في العالم الحقيقي. تسلط هذه المراجعة الضوء على أداء MFC من حيث توليد الطاقة من خلال استخدام مياه الصرف الصحي المختلفة كركيزة. علاوة على ذلك، فإنه يلقي الضوء على تصاميم وآليات ومعلمات MFC المختلفة التي تؤثر على أداء MFC جنبًا إلى جنب مع إيجابياتها وسلبياتها لتوليد أقصى قدر من إنتاج الطاقة. ويختتم الطرق الممكنة لمكافحة عيوبه ويناقش آفاقه المستقبلية.

Renewable energy resource like solar and wind have huge potential to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel, but due to their intermittent nature of output according to variation of season, reliability of grid affected therefore energy storage system become an important part of the of renewable electricity generation system. Pumped hydro energy storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheels, capacitors, and super conducting magnetic storage technologies have been developed, but many of these are limited in their capacity, characteristics and site dependence. Currently battery energy storage system is not much adopted within grid, but with development their density, versatility and efficiency it is observed that BESS- (battery Energy Storage system) will be adopted in large quantity.

Battery charging systems are integral to the efficient operation and economic benefit of various applications, from electric vehicles to renewable energy storage. However, maintaining battery charging according to specifications during voltage variations, including short or prolonged under-voltage and over-voltage conditions, presents a significant challenge. These voltage variations can impact the thermal safety and charging time of batteries, potentially affecting their overall performance and life span. In order to address these challenges, this paper proposes a smart charging control method designed to control both the battery charging voltage and load voltages. This method is equipped to handle utility interruptions by using regulated AC–DC converters, while an automatic interconnected DC regulator controls the battery state of charge (SOC) and load supply. This dual control mechanism ensures efficient performance under various conditions. Extensive simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, demonstrating its ability to maintain a constant voltage supplied to the load and ensures the thermal safety of the system during under- and over-voltage conditions. Additionally, an analysis of the thermal effect of the charger under these voltage conditions provides valuable insights into the thermal performance of the system, which is a critical aspect of battery charging systems. The proposed charging control method offers a comprehensive solution for efficient battery charging under various voltage conditions, thus contributing to the better performance, thermal safety, and longevity of batteries.

Abstract Numerical approach is implemented for irreversibility analysis of second grade nanomaterials flow with slip and Lorentz force effects. Joule heating and radiation effects are present in heat expression. Thermophoresis and random motion characteristics are incorporated. Entropy analysis is studied through thermodynamics second law. The governing partial systems are transmitted into ordinary systems by appropriate variables. The resultant ordinary systems are solved through numerical scheme (Newton built in-shooting method). Here our main theme is to address heat transportation and irreversibility (entropy generation) analyses. Graphical illustrations analyze the variation in flow, entropy rate, thermal field and concentration descriptions influenced by important dimensionless variables. An increment in velocity field is noticed versus magnetic variable. An amplification in curvature variable improves thermal field and velocity. An intensification in radiation effect corresponds to augments the entropy and thermal distribution. An opposite trend holds for thermal and concentration distributions through random motion variable. A reduction occurs in entropy analysis with variation in slip variable.

The global energy demand is growing substantially. Clean and secure energy supply is a must for our civilization's sustainable development. Solar and wind energy is growing fast and can contribute significantly to meet the goals set by many countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A deep and wide investigation of the environmental impact of solar and wind energy is important before any solar or wind plants' construction is made. In this study, the literature is reviewed to summarize the environmental impact of solar and wind energy systems in terms of the following factors; land use, water consumption, impact on biodiversity, visual and noise effects, health issues, and impact on micro climate. Although the benefits of solar and wind energy are obvious and great, negative perception of these technologies can inhibit their wide penetration in some regions. This review paper includes a critical and an inclusive analysis of solar and wind energy’s environmental impact and may serve as an important tool to conduct a proper environmental impact assessment. This critical analysis may serve also as a tool for developers, policy, and decision-when planning future solar and wind farms.

Apart from many other factors the overall performance of PV depends on temperature and solar irradiance because as the day progresses the energy received by PV panels from the sun changes and temperature also changes throughout the day. In this paper effects of temperature and solar irradiance variation were studied on a 240V PV panels maximum power, efficiency, and fill factor. The model is designed in Simulink/Matlab software which has two variable inputs in the form solar irradiance and temperature and three output parameters i.e. efficiency, fill factor and maximum power. First the performance parameters are observed under STC conditions and then one of the input is changed from STC whereas the other one is kept constant. At the end the second input is varied whereas the first one is held at STC. Simulations were performed and results obtained in terms of maximum power, efficiency and fill factor shows percent variation from its reference value for every one degree centigrade change in temperature and for every 20W/m2 change in the solar irradiance.