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This paper explores how market and regulatory factors affect stakeholders' investments in smart grid projects in Europe. Distribution System Operators (DSOs), universities, and technology manufacturers are leading investors, with a cumulative 2286 M€ financed since 2002. Statistical tests were conducted on these groups' investments in smart grid projects in the EU-28, Norway, and Switzerland from 2008-2015, to evaluate the influence of the following factors on investment: the level of distribution sector concentration, the regulatory mechanism in place, and the existence of innovation stimulus mechanisms. The level of distribution sector concentration did not significantly influence investments by these three groups. Market-minded stakeholders, such as DSOs and technology manufacturers, invested more in countries that employed hybrid, incentive, or innovation-stimulus mechanisms; meanwhile, collaborative knowledge-seeking institutions, such as universities, were not swayed by these factors. Taking these findings into consideration will help policy makers design adequate incentives for stakeholders.

The dramatic decline of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) populations over recent decades has attracted considerable attention and concern. Furthermore, little is known concerning the sensitivity of eel’s early stages to projected future environmental change. Here we investigated, for the first time, the potential combined effects of ocean warming (OW; ∆ + 4oC; 18oC) and acidification (OA; ∆ - 0.4 pH units) on the survival and migratory behaviour of A. anguilla glass eels, namely their preference towards riverine cues (freshwater and geosmin). Recently arrived individuals were exposed to isolated and combined OW- and OA–conditions for 100 days, adjusting for the salinity gradients associated with upstream migration. A two-choice test was used to investigate migratory activity and shifts in preference towards freshwater environments. While OW decreased survival and increased migratory activity, OA appears to hinder migratory response, reducing the preference for riverine cues. Our results suggest that future conditions could potentially favor an early settlement of glass eels, reducing the proportion of fully-migratory individuals. Further research into the effects of climate change on eel migration and habitat selection is needed to implement efficient conservation plans for this critically endangered species. Santos&Borges_etal_DataIn this file, the data from our study on the influence of ocean warming and ocean acidification on the riverward migration of glass eels is present. These include survival and behavioural outputs as well as a code sheet for easier table read. The tables are R software ready and can be exported as '.csv' in order to run in the Rscript.BorgesSantos_etal_Data.xlsxSantos&Borges_etal_RscriptThis is the code for the Rscript of the statistical analysis performed in our study.BorgesSantos_etal_Rscript.txt

Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia The object of this study is Water. It focuses on the various aspects that, when taken together, make it possible to understand Water as a crucial constitutive component of the various different elements of the landscape. When applied in particular to the Alfama district of Lisbon – in accordance with the principle of sustainability and from a holistic and systemic perspective –, the emphasis on Water as an overarching theme makes it possible to come up with, and develop, a “project concept” that addresses the specific hydrological problems of this urban area, without neglecting the formal and spatial dimensions. It is shown in this study that it is possible to consider and address the hydrological and the spatial simultaneously, and that one can take advantage of both in order to come up with solutions that are sustainable both from a spatial and architectural point of view (i.e. which are well-suited to the cultural and historical context) and from a biophysical one (i.e. which take into account the ecological base of the area). Insofar as it seeks to provide a holistically sustainable solution to the current problems associated with effectively draining, collecting and managing water in this urban district, this study constitutes such an attempt. The solutions suggested in this study are the result of a local-level approach carried out at the scale of the urban fabric, which made it possible to identify the various existing imbalances with regard to water drainage in this area. This approach can in fact be adopted in other urban contexts, provided that the necessary adaptations are made.

The sustainability assessment methodology has to be demonstrated in order to become the tool in the engineering practice. This chapter is devoted to the attempt to evaluate the sustainability of energy systems and show how it can be used in the everyday engineering practice. Obviously, this type of approach has its limitation due to the lack of data for the serious consideration of the system. But it should be anticipated that these excises might serve as guidance for eventual future applications. Also, it should be emphasised that this type of methodology will become an useful tool only if it proves to be justified in the engineering practice.

Data type: XRD patterns; SEM micrographs and EDX maps; particle size distributions; atomic concentrations; hydrogen loading profiles; kinetic models; volume expansions. Data format: *.opj; *.tif. Origin of the data: laboratory equipment from Hereon (XRD, SEM, PSD Analyzer, BET, XPS, Sievert apparatus) and UniPV (SEM). Software needed to plot the data: folders need to be unzipped, Origin.

In this dataset, we report the results of an aquaria experiment aiming at determining the impacts of Polymetallic sulfide (PMS) plumes of varying concentrations created by deep-sea mining on larval survival of the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum pertusum. Colonies of D. pertusum were collected in December 2022 and January 2023 at Tisler reef, at depths between 100-120 m. Adults were maintained in aquaria and after spawning, embryos were collected and left to develop to 7-day larvae. On day 7, larvae were exposed to four experimental treatments, recreating the potential effects of a PMS mining plume: two treatments contained PMS particles at concentrations of 2.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L respectively, and another two contained only the leachates of PMS particle solutions corresponding to the aforementioned PMS particle concentrations. Temperature was maintained at 8-8.5 °C and pHT at 8.01. Survival was checked by counting surviving larvae after 24h of exposure. Experimental treatment, PMS2.5 PMS sediment with concentration 2.5 mg/L, PMS5 PMS sediment with concentration 5 mg/L, LCH2.5: leachates from PMS solution of 2.5 mg/L, LCH5: leachates from PMS solution of 5 mg/L

Aim: Animal migration strategies balance trade-offs between mortality and reproduction in seasonal environments. Knowledge of broad-scale biogeographical patterns of animal migration is important for understanding ecological drivers of migratory behaviours. Here we present a flyway-scale assessment of the spatial structure and seasonal dynamics of the Afro-Palearctic bird migration system and explore how phenology of the environment guides long-distance migration. Location: Europe and Africa. Time period: 2009–2017. Major taxa studied: Birds. Methods: We compiled an individual-based dataset comprising 23 passerine and near-passerine species of 55 European breeding populations where a total of 564 individuals were tracked migrating between Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, we used remote sensed observations on primary productivity (NDVI) to estimate the timing of vegetation green-up in spring and senescence in autumn across Europe. First, we described how individual breeding and non-breeding sites and the migratory flyways link geographically. Second, we examined how migration timing along the two major Afro-Palearctic flyways is tuned with vegetation phenology en route and at the breeding sites. Results: While we found the longitudes of individual breeding and non-breeding sites to be strongly positively related, the latitudes of breeding and non-breeding sites were negatively related. In autumn, timing of migration was similar along the Western and the Eastern flyways and happened ahead of the autumnal senescence of vegetation. In spring, migration timing was approximately two weeks later along the Eastern flyway than on the Western flyway which coincided with the later spring green-up in Eastern Europe. Main Conclusions: Migration of the Afro-Palearctic landbirds follows a longitudinally parallel leap-frog migration pattern where migrants track vegetation green-up in spring and depart before vegetation senescence in autumn. However, the ongoing global change have the potential to disrupt this spatiotemporal synchronization between migration timing and spring green-up with variable effects on different migrant populations.