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This is the Russian part of an Oxfam International project called the Human Cost of Climate Change which consisted of a global report, case studies and a range of other tools to be used to build national campaigning capacity in different countries. The overall piece of work highlighted why Oxfam is working on climate change. Voices from all over the world are saying the same thing: climate change is happening now, and it kills. It destroys livelihoods and it affects millions of poor people with every year that passes. Our evidence is also backed up by the latest science, outlined in this report, where the worst-case scenarios are already being realised, making the case for why political inaction is not an option. Climate Change: Stories of Witnesses is comprised of articles written by Russian environmental journalists from 12 regions of Russia depicting the stories of real people providing evidence that climate change is here and now and already has an impact on the Russian territory. The report was developed in alliance with the Guild of Environmental Media, a non-for-profit organization uniting journalists from all over Russia. The articles are stories about people: ethnic Russians and indigenous people who are themselves giving evidence of impacts of climate change.

The work is d to improving methods for calculating the cooling system of a microturbine with a rotor on air bearings. When designing gas turbines, it is important to integrate gas-dynamic calculations with thermal finite-element calculations. In practice, the conjugation of temperature fields in solids and liquids, as well as the transfer of thermal loads between the media are carried out using several approaches: direct, non-conjugate and sequential coupled. Numerical simulation of the coupled heat transfer in a cavity formed by the gap between the rotor and stator is carried out. To calculate the flow characteristics of a viscous compressible fluid and heat transfer. The degree of influence on the results of the type of turbulence model used, the influence of taking into account the conjugate heat transfer, is studied. The effect of the mass flow rate of the cooler on the flow structure and the cooling efficiency of the walls of the rotor and stator is investigated. A comparison is made with experimental data. Numerical experiments have shown that in typical cases the flow in the cavity is turbulent. The cooling efficiency has a limit on the flow rate of the cooler. The temperature distribution along the length of the rotor has a noticeable minimum in the region of the middle of the length of the rotor. The significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the choice of the turbulence model weakly affects the calculation results and taking into account the conjugate nature of heat transfer is necessary.

This study aims at improving our understanding of observed runoff changes in two glacier covered headwater catchments of the Tarim River in north-west China over the last 50 years, as well as at assessing possible future changes of glaciers and the water balance due to climate change. To this end, we applied an approach based on hydrological modeling. In order to increase the robustness of the results, the model was calibrated in a multi-objective way using daily runoff data, long-term runoff trends, and glacier mass balance data. The results show that the runoff increase over the last 50 years is to a large extent due to an increase in air temperature and an associated increase in glacier melt. Simulations with climate scenarios indicate a further temperature-induced increase of glacier melt in the beginning of the 21st century, but then glacier melt declines due to decreasing glacier areas. Decreasing glacier melt and increasing evapotranspiration result, despite projected increases in precipitation, in decreases of total discharge in 2070-2099 compared to 1971-2000. Целью данного исследования является анализ наблюдаемых изменений стока в двух горно-ледниковых бассейнов р. Тарима на северо-западе Китая за последние 50 лет, а также оценка возможных будущих изменений ледников и водного баланса, вызванные изменением климата. Для этой цели использовалась гидрологическая модель. Чтобы повысить надежность результатов, модель была откалибрована многоцелевым методом на основе ежедневных данных расходов воды, долгосрочных трендах и балансе массы ледников. Результаты показывают, что увеличение расходов за последние 50 лет во многом связано с увеличением температуры и связынным с этим усилением таяния ледников. Моделирование по климатическим сценариям показывает сперва дальнейшее увеличение талого стока связанного с повышением температуры в XXI веке, однако в дальнейшем с уменьшением ледниковой массы, результаты указывают на значительное снижение ледникового стока. Вместе с увеличением испарения это приводит к уменьшению общего расхода в 2070-2099 гг. по сравнению с 1971-2000 гг.

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the possibility of technical use of the 110 kV voltage lines (OPL) for the interconnection of the power systems of the Republic of Moldova and Romania, taking into account in the unified power system regime, which includes the power system of the CIS countries, of Moldova, Romania, Ukraine and other countries in the region. In the calculation scheme of the permanent synchronous regime of the integrated system, the interconnection zone of the Moldovan and Romanian systems was highlighted for the lines of 110 kV: Stanca-Costeşti, Ţuţora (Fai) - Ungheni and Hushi-Cioara. Transformer phase difference angle adjustment devices have been introduced in the 110 kV OPL to provide the bidirectional power shift regime. In the existing topology of electricity networks, power flows at the power system interface are directed from the Republic of Moldova to Romania. Changing the direction of the power flows is possible through the 110 kV OPL A when equipped with phase shift devices. The results of the calculations of the permanent regime have demonstrated the possibility of achieving the reciprocal power exchange regime between the interconnected power systems by adjusting the phase difference angle. It was shown the possibility of stable operation when using 110 kV overhead power lines as interconnection lines of the Moldovan and Romanian power systems. The issue of interconnection through the 110 kV lines is complex and requires an individual approach to how to achieve it.

Digital Image Processing to assess Ice coasts changes in the Russian Arctic, Spitsbergen. Student Internship at Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria.