• Energy Research
• 2021-2025close
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Bu çalışma, 1990-2016 döneminde koordineli piyasa ekonomileri için tarımsal katma değerin, orman alanlarının, ekonomik büyümenin ve yenilenebilir ve yenilenemez enerji tüketiminin çevresel kalite üzerindeki etkisini panel Common Corelated Effects (CCE) modelini kullanarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Panel CCE modelinden elde edilen uzun dönem katsayılara göre orman alanlarının çevre kalitesini arttırdığı, başka bir ifadeyle karbondioksit emisyonunu azalttığı, yenilenemez enerji tüketiminin ve ekonomik büyümenin ise çevre kalitesi üzerinde negatif bir etki oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, incelenen dönemde tarımsal katma değerin ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin çevre kalitesi üzerinde bir etki oluşturmadığı görülmüştür. Son olarak değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi Dumitrescu–Hurlin testi ile araştırılmıştır. Uygulanan nedensellik testi ile tarım ile karbondioksit emisyonları, tarım ile yenilenemez enerji tüketimi, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ile yenilenemez enerji tüketimi arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi elde edilmiştir.

The major goal of this research paper is to determine the long-run linkage among variables and the impact of civil aviation, energy productivity (efficiency), economic growth (GDP), on ecological footprint through conducting the multivariate regression method, Phillips‑Ouliaris and Engle‑Granger, Jarque – Bera Normality, and Cusum tests from 1970 to 2020. According to results of multivariate regression method, civil aviation, energy efficiency, and economic growth affect the ecological footprint from 1970 to 2020 in France which is coincide with Phillips‑Ouliaris and Engle‑Granger tests. On the contrary, there is no effect of independent variables on dependent variable (ecological footprint) in Finland which is consistent with Phillips‑Ouliaris and Engle‑Granger tests. In this respect, The long-run relation of the model is verified by the cointegration test of Engle-Granger and Phillips-Ouliaris for France. However, there is no long-run co-integration among variables for Finland from 1970-2020. To sum up, empirical results of France is verified EKC hypothesis. However, EKC hypothesis is not verified for Finland.

AbstractThis study analyzes oil price exposure of the oil–gas sector stock returns for the fragile five countries based on a multi-factor asset pricing model using daily data from 29 May 1996 to 27 January 2020. The endogenous structural break test suggests the presence of serious parameter instabilities due to fluctuations in the oil and stock markets over the period under study. Moreover, the time-varying estimates indicate that the oil–gas sectors of these countries are riskier than the overall stock market. The results further suggest that, except for Indonesia, oil prices have a positive impact on the sectoral returns of all markets, whereas the impact of the exchange rates on the oil–gas sector returns varies across time and countries.

AbstractEuropean climate is associated with variability and changes in the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation. In this study, we aim to investigate potential future change in circulation over Europe by using the EURO-CORDEX regional climate projections at 0.11° grid mesh. In particular, we analyze future change in 500-hPa geopotential height (Gph), 500-hPa wind speed and mean sea level pressure (MSLP) addressing different warming levels of 1 °C, 2 °C and 3 °C, respectively. Simple scaling with the global mean temperature change is applied to the regional climate projections for monthly mean 500-hPa Gph and 500-hPa wind speed. Results from the ensemble mean of individual models show a robust increase in 500-hPa Gph and MSLP in winter over Mediterranean and Central Europe, indicating an intensification of anticyclonic circulation. This circulation change emerges robustly in most simulations within the coming decade. There are also enhanced westerlies which transport warm and moist air to the Mediterranean and Central Europe in winter and spring. It is also clear that, models showing different responses to circulation depend very much on the global climate model ensemble member in which they are nested. For all seasons, particularly autumn, the ensemble mean is much more correlated with the end of the century than most of the individual models. In general, the emergence of a scaled pattern appears rather quickly.

После завоевания Крыма и Черноморского побережья Россия начинает экспансию на Кавказ. Покорение кавказских народов было доверено генералу А. Ермолову, жестокому, деспотичному, часто сравниваемому с Кромвелем. С 1830 по 1859 гг. местные народы оказывали стойкое сопротивление царской армии, однако в конце концов Шейх Шамиль сложил оружие. Наступил один из самых мрачных периодов российского империализма, многие оказались в изгнании и эмиграции в Турции. Цель нашего исследования заключается в изучении поливариантности кавказского текста русской литературы на примере рассказа А. Бестужева-Марлинского “Аммалат-бек”. Задачи статьи предполагают раскрытие мотивной структуры произведения, демонстрацию его антиколониальной направленности. В статье рассмотрен чрезвычайно знаковый рассказ А. Бестужева-Марлинского “Аммалат-бек” с точки зрения национальных стереотипов, имагологии, образов колонизации на Кавказе, местной экзотики и колорита. Анализ этнических стереотипов и имиджей способствует более глубокому пониманию сюжета, композиционной структуры повествования, символического пласта текста. Немаловажное значение принадлежит батальным сценам, их роли в формировании традиции дальнейшей русской литературы. Жанровая специфика произведения также проливает свет на особенности художественного синтеза в рассказе Бестужева-Марлинского. Романтизация повествования свидетельствует о том повышенном авторском внимании, которое автор придавал изображению азиатских народов. Подчеркнута связь кавказских мотивов в данном рассказе с историческим процессом, личной судьбой, биографическими перипетиями самого писателя. Интерпретация учитывает теоретические достижения постколониальной критики, возможность амбивалентной оценки географических и ментальных границ, стереотипов, образов и концептов национальной картины мира. Особое внимание уделено этническим стереотипам, антропологическим кодам, национальной специфике предмета отображения. Выявлены различия между западным и восточным мировосприятием, имперским и колониальным, историей государства и локальной историей. Акцентированы индивидуальные особенности психологии героя, его поведения, связи с этническим коллективом, нацией. Прослежена художественная динамика характера, трансформация его внутреннего мира, диалектика связей с другими персонажами.

Beyond the anticipated experience associated with tourism destinations, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has further tasked (especially the destination countries) on the importance of tourism to achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). From this dimension, this study employed the ecological footprint of the 10 most visited countries (France, Spain, United States, China, Italy, Mexico, United Kingdom, Turkey, Germany, and Thailand) over the period 1995-2016. Specifically, the study employed an econometric approach and found that increase in tourism arrivals and globalization is detrimental to the attainment of sustainable environmental quality in a long term. Precisely, a 1% increase in international arrivals and globalization is responsible for a 0.18 and 0.89% increase in ecological footprint in the long-run. These impacts of tourism activities and globalization are detrimental to the environmental quality of the destination countries. Meanwhile, the real income per capita and biocapacity in the destination countries improve the environmental quality of the panel of destination countries in the long-run. In addition, the study found significant evidence of Granger causality from tourism and real income to ecological footprint without feedback, the globalization-ecological footprint Granger causality nexus is with feedback. Moreover, potentially effective policies for government and other stakeholders especially toward attaining Global goals were proffered in the study.

Güneş enerji santralleri yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları türleri arasında en çok tercih edilen tür olmasına karşın gerek kurulum aşamasında gerekse işletme boyunca canlılar üzerinde çeşitli etkiler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu etkilerin en başında ise “parıltı” ve “parlama” gelmektedir. Güneşten gelen ışınların güneş paneline çarptıktan sonra çevreye yayılması sonucu parlama oluşmaktadır. Santralden yansıyan güneş ışınlarının yoğunluğu artıkça oluşturacağı parlama risk miktarı artmaktadır. Ülkemizde yönetmelik, 2017 yılından beri kurumların taleplerine göre parlama analizi yapılacağı yönündeydi. Fakat 2023 yılında bu yönetmelikte yapılan değişiklikle beraber karayolları veya uçuş rotaları özelinde parlama analizleri kurulacak Fotovoltaik santrallerin kurulum izni süreçlerinde talep etmektedirler. Bu çalışmada Isparta/ Gönen’de, Isparta- Burdur Karayolu’nun yaklaşık 21. km’sinde bulunan “T” kavşağının yakınında kurulacak olan güneş enerjisi santrallinin kavşağı kullanan sürücüler için parlama ve parıltı açısından ne kadar risk doğurduğu ve bu risklerin önüne geçilebilecek önlemelerin neler olabileceği analiz edilmiş ve sonuçları sunulmuştur. Analizler Federal Havacılık İdaresi (FAA) tarafından belirlenen güneş parlaması standardına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlarda ortaya çıkan parlama riskinin bu kavşağı kullanacak olan şoförleri etkilemeyecek seviyeye indirilmesi için dört farklı çözüm önerisi geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu öneriler; yola paralel yansıma önleyici opak bariyer kullanımı, santrale paralel yansıma önleyici opak bariyer kullanımını, panel cam tipi olarak derin dokulu (deeply textured) cam kullanımı, güneye yönelim açısı ve güneş paneli modülünün eğim açısı optimizasyonu içermektedir. Solar power plants, despite being the most preferred type among renewable energy sources, exhibit various effects on living organisms both during the installation phase and throughout the operation. The primary effects include "glare" and "glint," with glare occurring as a result of the dispersion of sunlight after it strikes the solar panels. The risk of glint increases as the intensity of sunlight reflected from the power plant increases. In our country, regulations have mandated glare analysis based on the requests of institutions since 2017. However, with the changes made to these regulations in 2023, glare analyses, specifically for highways or flight routes, are now required during the approval process for the installation of photovoltaic plants. In this study, the analysis focuses on the glare and glint effects of a solar power plant to be installed near the "T" Junction at approximately the 21st km of the Isparta-Burdur Highway in Gönen, Isparta. The study explores the level of risk posed to drivers using the intersection and analyzes potential measures to mitigate these risks. The analyses were conducted according to the solar glare standard set by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). To minimize the glare risk for drivers using this intersection, four different solution proposals have been developed. These proposals include the use of opaque barriers to prevent parallel reflection on the road, the use of opaque barriers to prevent parallel reflection on the solar panels, the use of deeply textured glass as the panel glass type, and the optimization of the orientation angle towards the south and the tilt angle of the solar panel module.