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Abstract Smart building concepts are a relevant topic for the Ukrainian building sector. Although the current policy is mostly dedicated to the improvement of the current energy-saving situation in the building stock, the concept discussed could provide valuable inputs in the realization of the existing strategy. For an assessment of the expected positive impact of the implementation of smart indicators on building operation and renovation processes, as well as the predictions of scenarios of the range of the application of smart instruments, the research presented proposes a thorough analysis of the building stock in Ukraine and, in a real pilot case, the assessment of smart-readiness indicators (SRI) for a complex multi-family building. The case scenarios used, which are derived on the basis of SRI and a processed questionnaire among the habitants, are considered as the reference foundation for a practical application and disseminating the concept for similar cases.

In this study, the characterization of several bacterial diseases affecting silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), white poplar (Populus alba L.), and white willow (Salix alba L.) in Ukraine were described. The typical symptoms, features of pathogenesis, and characteristics of the causative agents of the most common bacterial diseases of these tree species were shown. The following types of bacterioses were noted to be especially dangerous, namely, bacterial wetwood, fire blight, bacterial canker, and tuberculosis. Bacterial necrosis of the bark was a less dangerous disease. At the same time, all of the listed types of bacterioses were registered within the forest areas of the investigated region. The study revealed that bacterial wetwood of birch and poplar was caused by Lelliottia nimipressuralis; the bacterial canker of poplar is Pseudomonas syringae (Pseudomonas syringae f. populi and Pseudomonas cerasi); the fire poplar blight is caused by Pseudomonas cerasi (P. syringae); the common ash tuberculosis is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi; and the bacterial wilt of the willow is caused by Brenneria salicis. The phenomenon of the introduction of microorganisms of different functional orientations as well as the formation of conditions for their activity in the rhizosphere of plants have been studied. In the future, it will provide the development of effective methods for the rapid identification of causative agents of bacterioses and plant protection measures based on multi-functional microbiological preparations based on highly effective strains of microorganisms.

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical principles and practical aspects of managing relationships with stakeholders of municipal heating companies. The subject of the study is a set of theoretical, methodological and practical aspects for ensuring balanced management of relations with the stakeholders of municipal heating companies. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological provisions and substantiate practical recommendations for ensuring a balanced management of these relationships. Tasks of work: to research and systematize the conceptual apparatus of ensuring the management of relations with the stakeholders of municipal heat companies; to justify the organizational principles of managing these relationships; to offer analytical and applied support for managing them on a balanced scorecard. During the research were used methods: abstract-logical analysis, theoretical generalization, systemic and statistical analysis, systemic and statistical analysis, economic-mathematical methods, graphical method. The paper generalizes the economic characteristics of the activity of district heating utilities and develops the directions of development of relations with stakeholders in the process of reforming the housing and municipal services of Ukraine on the basis of the analysis of the efficiency of the municipal heating companies in developed countries of Europe. Strategic directions for the development of district heating utilities by providing balanced stakeholder relationship management are substantiated. Conclusions. It is proposed to use a balanced scorecard, which allows, based on the evaluation of financial and non-financial indicators of enterprise performance, to identify trends of change of each of four key areas of activity to achieve the goal of MHC in meeting the public needs of consumers, profit for the development of the enterprise, ensure the interests of its employees and their satisfaction economic and social needs based on stakeholder reconciliation.

The paper presents the comparative analysis of the amount of waste generated in Ukraine and European countries (except for radioactive waste) based on the official EU and Ukrainian statistical data. The data on waste generation are compiled according to the following classification: by economic activity and household, waste category, grades of hazard, and regions. In Ukraine, 352.3 million tons of waste was generated in 2018. By 2018, almost 13 billion tons of waste had been accumulated at the managed dumpsites, including about 12 million tons of hazardous and over 200 million tons of household waste. In the European Union, 2.6 billion tons of waste was generated in 2018. Over 70% of it was generated by 10 countries: Germany, France, England, Poland, Romania, Italy, Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain and Finland. By economic activity, the largest amounts of waste in Ukraine are generated by the mineral extraction and processing industry, the smallest – from water treatment and construction. In the EU countries, these values are somewhat different. For example, in Germany and France, the largest amounts of waste are generated from construction and manufacturing, the smallest – from agriculture, forestry and fishery. By waste category, the waste generated both in the EU countries and in Ukraine is mineral and solid waste. In Ukraine, the largest amounts of waste are produced and accumulated in the Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk and Zaporizhzhia regions which accommodate large enterprises for extraction and mineral processing of iron and manganese ores, titanium-zirconium placers, coal, dolomite, and metallurgical limestone, as well as metallurgical and ferroalloy plants.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the efficiency of management of an apartment building in the context of energy efficiency. The article describes the conduct of an energy audit for apartment buildings, which allows a thorough assessment of this problem and identify optimal ways to save energy resources by apartment buildings. Energy audit is a special examination of residential buildings or enterprises, conducted by specialized specialists in energy certification of buildings to determine their technical condition and energy efficiency. Methodology. Within the framework of this article, the results of a sociological survey conducted among the heads of condominiums to analyze the level of their interest in the implementation of energy efficiency measures were analyzed. The value of the cost of 1 apartment for the implementation of the energy modernization project is calculated. Currently, "energy efficiency" and "energy saving" are extremely popular in Ukraine, due to the following: increasing the cost of energy resources;limited financial capacity of vulnerable groups to pay for services. Results of the survey showed an insufficient level of implementation of energy-saving technologies, although the level of interest of apartment building heads is very high. The development of energy efficiency programs for an apartment building is carried out not only taking into account the necessary priority measures, but also based on the financial capacity of the co-owners of the apartment building. The reason for the insufficient implementation of energy saving measures is the insufficient financial capacity of co-owners and, as a consequence, the apartment buildings themselves. State support for the implementation of energy efficiency in the management of apartment buildings has been studied in detail. It is concluded that large-scale involvement of apartment buildings in the implementation of energy efficiency programs is constrained by the following problems: insufficient funding; insufficient state support for project financing; distrust of co-owners to the effectiveness of the project; unsatisfactory condition of the apartment building, which requires significant financial costs. The growth rate of the number of condominium applications shows an increase in public confidence in the Program. However, they are not enough to talk about launching large-scale energy modernization of multi-apartment housing. Financial support of local authorities to their residents in the implementation of energy saving measures will contribute to even better results.

This article highlights the impact of innovation on achieving environmental sustainability of regional economic systems in the context of effective man-agement of significantly limited natural resources in modern Ukraine, which was the subject of the study, its key objective and main task. Methodology. The proposed work uses systemic and synergetic approaches, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, historical and comparative analysis, etc. Value/originality. Consideration of the issues of regional innova-tion and environmental sustainability of regional economic systems in their combination is a novelty in modern studies of ecological-economic processes. It is exhaustively taken into account that innovation is a complex process of transformation of newly obtained ideas and goals into an actual object of eco-nomic relations. At the same time, it was found that in the conditions of trans-formation of the modern Ukrainian economy began to manifest such features as frequent and unpredictable changes in demand due to the emergence of completely new needs, which can be satisfied only by qualitatively new, pre-dominantly knowledge-intensive products. Therefore, there is an urgent need to restructure regional economies on a fundamentally new basis, which provides a real opportunity to reproduce the existing innovation potential, improve the innovation and technological level of all spheres of economic activity in the re-gion and achieve a much higher degree of competitiveness. At the same time, given the significant role of innovation processes in improving and ensuring the proper environmental sustainability of regional eco-nomic systems, the def-inition of appropriate tasks, taking into account their characteristics, is a pre-requisite for the effective management of natural resources of the country as a whole and its regions. Therefore, in European practice, the European Innova-tion Scoreboard (EIS), calculated by Eurostat, is used to determine the achieved level of regional innovation development. At the same time, the methodology used in its basis to assess the effectiveness of national research innovative projects is not without criticism. And one of the main criticisms was the absence of a conceptual or theoretical model of innovation. Simultane-ously, this paper proposes a fundamentally new approach to determining the effectiveness of innovation in the hierarchical-regional dimension, which is based on the use of appropriate tools of multidimensional statistical analysis and statistics of the European Union (in particular, Eurostat) and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. In addition, synchronously with their standardi-zation, based on the obtained values of innovation levels in the regions, matri-ces were formed separately for incoming and outgoing regional innovation in-dices. Result. The achieved levels of innovativeness of Ukrainian regions in the context of ensuring appropriate environmental sustainability of their economic systems in the management of significantly limited natural resources were de-termined. Practical implications. Another real opportunity has arisen to signif-icantly improve the management of the available natural resources of each re-gion and the state as a whole in terms of ensuring the proper environmental sustainability of regional economic systems.

AbstractBlack locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a species native to the eastern North America, was introduced to Europe probably in 1601 and currently extends over 2.3 × 106 ha. It has become naturalized in all sub-Mediterranean and temperate regions rivaling Populus spp. as the second most planted broadleaved tree species worldwide after Eucalyptus spp. This wide-spreading planting is because black locust is an important multipurpose species, producing wood, fodder, and a source of honey as well as bio-oil and biomass. It is also important for carbon sequestration, soil stabilization and re-vegetation of landfills, mining areas and wastelands, in biotherapy and landscaping. In Europe, black locust is drought tolerant so grows in areas with annual precipitation as low as 500–550 mm. It tolerates dry, nutrient poor soils but grows best on deep, nutrient-rich, well-drained soils. It is a fast-growing tree and the height, diameter and volume growth peak before the age of 20. It mostly regenerates vegetatively by root suckers under a simple coppice system, which is considered the most cost-effective management system. It also regenerates, but less frequently, by stool sprouts. Its early silviculture in production forests includes release cutting to promote root suckers rather than stool shoots, and cleaning-respacing to remove low-quality stems, reduce the number of shoots per stool, and adjust spacing between root suckers. In addition, early, moderate and frequent thinning as well as limited pruning are carried out focusing on crop trees. The species is regarded as invasive in several European countries and its range here is expected to expand under predicted climate changes.

Improving the organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of the region in the context of decentralization is an extremely urgent problem. National concept of sustainable development of settlements (defines the main directions of state policy on ensuring sustainable development of settlements, legal and economic ways of their implementation) and the strategy of sustainable development of Ukraine – 2020 (defines the purpose, traffic vectors, roadmap, priority priorities and indicators of proper defense, socio-economic, organizational, political and legal conditions for the formation and development of Ukraine) are roadmaps for the regions, but the programs of implementation of the set tasks and achievement in such indicators should be formed on the ground, taking into account the peculiarities of socio-economic, geopolitical, demographic and other factors of development of the region in time and space. Important in this sense is the constant monitoring of the socio-economic status of the region, the results of which allow to establish effective economic and organizational and legal mechanisms of regional policy-making.