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Through the realization of research, development and innovation projects, several technological advances in society were possible, provided by the generation and application of knowledge in systematized way. These projects are generally materialized in specialized institutions in the development of high-level scientific solutions aimed at increasing intellectual and material corporate, governmental or social power. Within organizations, in view of the current increasingly globalized competitiveness, the decision-making process is fundamental. In this perspective of search for continuous improvement, it is essential the vision of the future by managers and researchers as well as the industry, so that they work integrated and articulated. In addition, governments and companies have suffered from political and economic crises that, with the use of techniques such as structural analysis and strategic prospecting, would be possible to be premeditated and better managed. Therefore, this dissertation project proposes an approach to scenario exploration for the Institute for Smart Grids at Federal University of Santa Maria, which carries out research, development and innovation activities. This research is based on a bibliographical and documentary review on the characteristics of the sector, competitive intelligence and scenario exploration. This work listed a set of 54 variables of impact in the system studied, identified nine key variables to receive priority attention and the 10 groups of actors that command them. Through the identification of the objectives of these actors, a structure of power relations has been demonstrated that can be taken into account in the creation of present and future scenarios. This dissertation compiles several strategic aspects and how this information can be visualized to enhance the understanding of the research, development and innovation environment for the Institute for Smart Grids. ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES ; Através da realização de ...

This thesis is developed in the Professional Master in Management and Federal University of Education Evaluation of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The case management to be studied presents a social problem the fact that educational policies are designed for the city and the means of urban production, which is recommended to the field is "adapt" the proposed school, curricula, timetables to situations that distinguish schools field of other schools. This study seeks to analyze the ongoing training of teachers who work in multigrade classes (characterized by focusing, in the same classroom, students of different ages and grades, under the direction of a / the single / teaching) of 1 to 5th grade in schools of rural education in the state of Amazonas, in 2014, developed by Earth School Program. This program consists of a permanent educational public policy, which comes under the umbrella Pronacampo for training / the teachers / those working in multigrade classes in the early grades of elementary education in schools located in rural areas and provide educational resources and pedagogical training that meet the specific characteristics of the populations of the field and maroon. The objectives defined for this study were to describe how the teacher training policy proposed by the Earth School Program was developed in Amazonas state in 2014; analyze the links between teacher education policy offered by the program associated with its commitment to the issue of sustainability and the concepts that were historically built for Rural Education in the midst of social struggles by ensuring the rights of the peoples of the field; and propose actions to be developed during the implementation of the Education Action Plan - PAE. Therefore, it was used as methodology the qualitative research and as tools to research that includes the lifting of the historical process in the definition of legal frameworks, in addition to the relevant documents to the Earth School Program granted by the State Coordination and the Federal ...

Biodiesel is considered as a viable alternative to partially replace fossil fuels. The manufacture process of biodiesel produces approximately 10% glycerin, the main byproduct. Due to the growth of the biodiesel industry in Brazil and abroad, the high volumes of glycerin become a bottleneck in this chain, given that currently use the glycerin market serves a very narrow and specific. Many efforts have been directed to find strategic alternatives for the sustainable use of biodiesel derived glycerin. The competitiveness of the production chain, which originates with the glycerin byproduct of the manufacture of biodiesel, has as one of its determinants identifying technological routes and products to intensify the consumption of this product. In this dissertation, the goal was to determine how it is being done to manage technological innovation and progress in the identification and discussion of the influence which the glycerin is delivering on the biodiesel production chain, seeking possible ways to increase both competitiveness of Brazilian production chain glycerin and biodiesel. To achieve this, interviews were conducted with biodiesel producers, producers and consumers of glycerin and laboratories and research institutes. These interviews were conducted with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire. A documentary analysis on patents involving the object of study was also performed to verify the main uses found for glycerin. With this, through a chain mapping of glycerol, was described and analyzed the dynamics of their operation and also identified the players who participate directly and indirectly, as well as the productive chains of biodiesel and glycerin are dealing with the management technological innovation aimed at the production thereof. By analyzing the factors of firm strategy, industry standard, technology transfer, leadership, opportunity, appropriability and cumulative, and also with the emergence of new businesses and new markets for the sector was possible to identify a great technological ...

Factors such as environmental restrictions and technological advances have enabled the insertion of renewable energy sources (e.g. photovoltaic and wind systems) as distributed generators (DG), in the electrical grid. However, because of the intermittent nature of the energy in solar radiation and wind, control strategies for regulating the DG power flow are necessary to ensure a proper connection of these systems to the grid. These control strategies are applied to the DG and the grid interface, which is implemented by grid-connected power converters. Grid-connected power converters can be controlled to operate as a controlled current source (grid-feeding converters) or as a controlled voltage source (grid-forming converters), in which the grid-feeding power converter (GFD-PC) systems are suitable to deliver power to an energized grid, while grid-forming power converter (GFO-PC) systems can contribute for regulating the grid voltage and frequency. When connected to a low voltage grid, GFD-PC systems can cause voltage deviation in the grid, and GFO-PC systems are subject to active and reactive power coupling. These drawbacks can be overcome with the use of the virtual impedance concept, which is a technique that can change the output impedance of power converters. Therefore, it can modify the equivalent impedance between the power converter and the grid, thus improving the power flow control of GFO-PC, and achieving voltage support of GFDPC systems. In this direction, this doctoral thesis proposes implementations of virtual impedances to overcome the drawbacks of GFO-PC and GFD-PC systems connected to the low voltage grid to meet the requirements of power flow control in DG systems. ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES ; Fatores como restrições ambientais e avanços tecnológicos têm possibilitado a inserção de fontes de energias renováveis (por exemplo, sistemas fotovoltaicos e eólicos), na forma de geradores distribuídos (GD), na rede elétrica. Entretanto, devido à natureza ...

Nanozeolites have been used as solid supports for enzymes and proteins immobilization, mainly due to their physicochemical properties such as large external surface area, high dispersibility and easy adjustment of their tunable surface properties, especially regarding the surface charge and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity properties. The main goals of this research work were the syntheses and physicochemical characterization using specific spectroscopic techniques of the nanozeolites (titanosilicalite (Nano-TS1), gismondine (Nano-GIS), (Nano-LTA), beta (Nano-BEA), and faujasite (Nano-X) and also the modulation of their surface physicochemical properties by ion exchange experiments with transition metal cations (Mn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+ e Ni2+) and/or by functionalization of their surfaces with organic agents such as aminosilanes and glutaraldehyde. The zeolitic materials were used as a solid supports for the immobilization of fungal Rhizomucor miehei (RML) and Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) lipases and the catalytic potential of these nanozeolite-enzyme complexes were explored in the transesterification reactions of oil palm oil and microalgae aiming the biodiesel production for biodiesel production using ethanol as solvent. The results have indicated the nature and concentration of the divalent cations solutions have played a significant role and strongly affected the amount and the enzymatic activity of the immobilized enzymes. The best catalytic performance were obtained with the TLL enzyme immobilized on Nano-X supports ion exchanged with nickel sulfate 0.5 mol.L-1 (Nano-X/Ni/0.5M-TLL). The FAEE yields obtained with Nano-X/Ni/0.5M/TLL complexes were above 94% and a strong synergetic effect was detected for this system, since the equivalent amount of the TLL enzyme in its free form has yielded only 9.1% of ethyl esters. Physicochemical characterization of the zeolite-enzyme complexes by transmission ... Nanozeólitas têm sido exploradas como suporte para a imobilização de enzimas e proteínas devido as suas propriedades físico-químicas, tais como a grande área de superfície externa, a alta dispersibilidade e a facilidade de modulação das suas características de superfície, especialmente, em relação à carga da superfície e propriedades de hidrofilicidade/hidrofobicidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos principais as sínteses e caracterização das nanozeólitas (titanosilicalita (Nano-TS1), gismondina (Nano-GIS), A (Nano-LTA), beta (Nano-BEA) e faujasita (Nano-X)) e a modulação de suas propriedades físico-químicas por meio de experimentos de troca iônica com cátions de metais de transição (Mn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+ e Ni2+) ou funcionalização de suas superfícies por agentes orgânicos como aminosilanos ou glutaraldeído. Na sequência, foi realizado o estudo desses suportes zeolíticos como matrizes sólidas para a imobilização de lipases e o estudo do potencial catalítico desses complexos nanozeólitas-enzimas na reação de transesterificação para a produção de biodiesel usando diferentes fontes de matérias primas, tais como o óleo de palma e o óleo de microalgas via rota etílica com o uso das lipases de Rhizomucor miehei (RML) e Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), os resultados indicaram que as espécies de cátions divalentes e a concentração molar da troca iônica dos suportes nanozeolíticos influenciaram na interação da enzima com a matriz de imobilização e, consequentemente, a atividade enzimática. Em termos catalíticos, os resultados mais relevantes foram obtidos para a enzima TLL, imobilizada no suporte Nano-X e trocada com 0,5 mol.L-1 de sulfato de níquel (Nano-X/Ni/0.5M-TLL). Os rendimentos de ésteres etílicos de ácidos graxos (FAEE) foram acima de 94%, ao passo que, para a mesma quantidade de enzima na sua forma livre, o teor obtido foi de apenas... Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Pós-graduação em Microbiologia - IBILCE Processo FAPESP: 2011/10092-4

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; The use of biodiesel as an alternative to fossil fuels has been increasing in recent years. Since each ton of biodiesel is generated 100 kg of glycerol, there is some concern about the destination of this byproduct, as its disposition is economically expensive and its market value is low. This way, a solution to this problem is the use of glycerol as a source of carbon in the production of biosurfactants. Despite the numerous advantages of biosurfactants, such as low toxicity, biodegradability and high stability, these compounds are not widely used due to the high cost of production. The application of alternative carbon sources can contribute to reduce production costs and increase the commercial use of biosurfactants. The aim of this research was to analyze the potential of Biodiesel glycerol as carbon source in the production of rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI 2AI. Five samples of glycerol, including treated and untreated, were evaluated. The experiments were conducted in flask and Bioreactor. The 1L Erlenmeyer flask containing 300 mL of culture medium were incubated in a rotary shaker for 120 hours at 37°C and 200 rpm. Cultures in 13L bioreactor with 4L of culture medium were carried out for 160 hours at 37°C. The agitation speed varied between 300-900rpm in order to maintain pO2 in 5%. To improve the biosurfactant concentration, fed-batch culture was performed witch up to three pulses of glycerol feeding, inceasing the concentration of the medium by up to 30% of initial. The results show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI 2AI was able to produce rhamnolipídios from residual glycerol from Biodiesel production in the strategies used in this study. Bioreactor cultures enabled an increase in the concentration of the product formed, using the treated and untreated Glycerol residues. Promising concentrations of rhamnolipids using these carbon sources were achieved increasing the concentration. ; A utilização do biodiesel como alternativa em ...

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Acesso em maio 2023.", "Nexo Jornal. Pa\u00edses aprovam novo acordo global de biodiversidade na COP15. 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em: https://www.nexojornal.com.br/extra/2022/12/19/Pa%C3%ADses-aprovam-novo-acordo-global-de-biodiversidade-na-COP15. Acesso em maio 2023.", "Nobre, C. A solu\u00e7\u00e3o de Carlos Nobre para capturar carbono, proteger a biodiversidade e expandir a economia. Revista Exame, ESG. Novembro, 2022.", "Pamplona, L.; Salarini, J.; Kadri, N. Potencial da bioeconomia para o desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel da Amaz\u00f4nia e possibilidades para a atua\u00e7\u00e3o do BNDES. R. BNDES, Rio de Janeiro, 28 (56): 55-86, 2021.", "Revista 22. Biodiversidade e clima na mesma agenda. 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em: https://pagina22.com.br/2022/12/19/biodiversidade-e-clima-na-mesma-agenda/. Acesso em maio 2023.", "Rosa, C.; [...]; Magnusson, W.E. Ecossytems. An. Acad. Bras. Ci\u00eanc. 93 (2). 2021 Dispon\u00edvel em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201604. Acesso maio 2023.", "Rockstr\u00f6m, J.; Gupta, J.; Lenton, T. M.; Qin, D.; Lade, S. J.; Abrams, J. F. et al. 2021. Identifying a safe and just corridor for people and the planet. Earth's Future, 9. Dispon\u00edvel em: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001866. Acesso em junho 2023.", "Smith, J.; Rols, S.; Horde, A.; Maclet, C. Stteping up on Biodiversity. What the Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework means for responsible investors. 2023. Dispon\u00edvel em: https://www.unepfi.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Stepping-up-on-Biodiversity.pdf. Acesso em maio 2023.", "Uma Concerta\u00e7\u00e3o pela Amaz\u00f4nia. 100 primeiros dias de governo: propostas para uma agenda integrada das Amaz\u00f4nias. 235p. 2022.", "Wilson, E.O. (org.). Biodiversidade. Editora Nova Fronteira, 657 p., 1988."]} Resumo: A conservação da biodiversidade, assunto que antes estava distante da sociedade brasileira, é tratada em diferentes fóruns internacionais, liderados pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), notadamente na Convenção da Diversidade Biológica (CDB). Várias Conferencias das Partes (COP) foram realizadas, definindo ações e metas a serem cumpridas pelas nações, que visem valorizar os ecossistemas e a reduzir a extinção de espécies, garantindo a diversidade genética; o uso sustentável da biodiversidade e o reconhecimento real do custo dos serviços ecossistêmicos prestados à sociedade; a repartição de benefícios do uso dos recursos genéticos junto as suas comunidades de origem, incluindo suas sequencias digitais; a disponibilização de recursos financeiros relevantes para garantir a capacitação e a cooperação técnica e científica; e, o acesso a transferência de tecnologia de forma equitativa à todos os países. Todas elas pressupõem o uso de tecnologias e sua disseminação para as populações locais, além de ações no marco do conceito de Bioeconomia. O presente texto procura trazer referências para questões que envolvem os usos dos recursos biológicos, a biodiversidade, e o uso econômico, a bioeconomia, e sugere uma reflexão: se a parceria é legítima, qual o melhor modelo? Abstract: Biodiversity conservation, a subject that was previously distant from the Brazilian society, is addressed in different international forums, led by the United Nations (UN) notably in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Several Conferences of the Parties (COP) were held and defined actions and goals to be met by nations, which aim to value ecosystems and reduce the extinction of species, guaranteeing genetic diversity; the sustainable use of biodiversity and the real recognition of the cost of ecosystem services provided to society; the sharing of benefits from the use of genetic resources with their communities of origin, including their digital sequences; the provision of relevant financial resources to guarantee training, technical and scientific cooperation; and, equitable access to technology transfer to all countries. All of them require the use of technologies and their dissemination to local populations, in addition to actions within the framework of the bioeconomy concept. This text seeks to bring references to issues involving the use of biological resources, biodiversity, and its economic use, bioeconomy, and suggests a reflection: if the partnership is legitimate, what would be the suitable model?

The biodiesel is defined as the mono-alkyl ester derived from long-chain fatty acids, from renewable sources such as vegetable oils or animal fat, whose use is associated with the replacement of fossil fuels in diesel engine cycle. The biodiesel is susceptible to oxidation when exposed to air and this process of oxidation affects the quality of fuel, mainly due to long periods of storage. Because of this, the oxidation stability has been the focus of numerous researches since it directly affects the producers, distributors and users of fuel. One of the possibilities to increase the resistance of biodiesel is the autoxidation treatment with inhibitors of oxidation. The antioxidants can be used as potential inhibitors of the effects of oxidation on the kinematic viscosity and the index of acidity of biodiesel, thereby increasing oxidative stability. This work aims to examine the efficiency of antioxidants, α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxy-toluene (BHT), added the biodiesel content of remembrance through Pressurized-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (P-DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG) and Petrology. The results showed that the use of antioxidant BHT, at the concentration of 2000ppm, increased resistance to oxidation of the biodiesel and oxidative induction time (OIT), which is a better result as antioxidant than the α-tocopherol. With the thermogravimetric analysis, it was observed that the biodiesel presented an initial decomposition temperature of lower tendency than that of oil, demonstrating to be more volatile, bearing great similarity to the diesel and being characterized as an alternative fuel. The rheological analysis indicated that each sample of biodiesel behaved as a Newtonian fluid ; O biodiesel é definido como o derivado mono-alquil éster de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa, proveniente de fontes renováveis como óleos vegetais ou gordura animal, cuja utilização está associada à substituição de combustíveis fósseis em motores ciclo diesel. O biodiesel é susceptível à oxidação quando exposto ao ar e este ...

Tourism in natural areas have become targeted by tourist's interests. Such preference is justified by landscape and aesthetic's value, as well as the need for recreation and leisure activities of individuals. The tourism industry, aiming profitability, appropriates themselves of such reality by means of a discourse based on sustainability. Such scenario has already reached the State of Sergipe, which has a diversity of splendiferous landscapes and a cultural diversity that express tourist potentialities. Vaza-Barris estuary is engaged in this context, since it has been touristic explored, specifically, after the construction of Orla Pôr do Sol (Sunset Edge) and Joel Silveira's brigde. In this sense, the activities that occur in the estuary, specifically, on Pôr-do- Sol Orla, Ilha da Paz (Island of Peace), and Ilha Paraiso (Paradise Island), are being damaged by touristic activities and these places don't have any kind of management plan, which has been compromising the local sustainability. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the sustainability of tourist's activities developed at the estuary of Vaza-Barris’s River, since these Islands are areas of intense touristic visitation as well as they are considered Permanent Preservation Areas (APP's) but they don't present until now any kind of management plans. As methodology we used exploratory research, documentary and bibliographic, and data collection instruments such as: questionnaires, observation of the study area and semi-structured interviews with the residents of the locality and Public bodies. Reach the conclusion that the systematic examination of the relationship between the General Law of Tourism, public policies for sustainable tourism in Sergipe State and the reality of tourism in the Mosqueiro Village hasn't showed favorable trends for sustainability, being necessary a intervention from the public bodies of tourism and the public bodies of environmental government in order to elaborate a plan for public use of this places as well as it is ...

Não recebi financiamento ; A energia fotovoltaica vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço na matriz energética brasileira. Sendo assim, levantou-se a hipótese de utilizar espaços remanescentes de Universidades Públicas, onde geralmente são deixados de lado por serem uma grande área em desuso, para instalação de uma usina fotovoltaica. Onde o principal foco é a instalação de uma usina de minigeração fotovoltaica distribuída compartilhada. Os campus a serem estudados no decorrer da análise, foram três campus da Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, sendo eles: Itapeva, Ourinhos e Rosana, na qual, suas áreas disponíveis são respectivamente 32,4 mil m², 65,13 mil m² e 37,77 mil m². Nestas áreas apresentadas, é possível instalar usinas de até 6,91MW, 13,86MW e 8,04MW. Ou seja, temos que todos os campus atingiriam uma potência maior de 5MW, na qual seria possível a instalação de uma usina para minigeração e ainda haveria espaço suficiente para ampliação do sistema, ou ainda criação de uma usina híbrida. ; Photovoltaic energy has been gaining more and more space in the Brazilian energy matrix. Therefore, the hypothesis was raised of using remaining spaces of Public Universities, where they are usually left aside because they are a large area in disuse, for the installation of a photovoltaic plant. Where the main focus is the installation of a shared distributed photovoltaic minigeneration plant. The campuses to be studied during the analysis were three campuses of Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, namely: Itapeva, Ourinhos and Rosana, in which their available areas are respectively 32.4 thousand m², 65.13 thousand m² and 37 .77 thousand m². In these areas presented, it is possible to install plants of up to 6.91MW, 13.86MW and 8.04MW. That is, we have that all campuses would reach a power greater than 5MW, in which it would be possible to install a plant for minigeneration and there would still be enough space for expansion of the system, or even the creation of a hybrid plant.