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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2016 PolandGlony mogą być wykorzystywane do produkcji różnych rodzajów biopaliw. Należą do nich biogaz produkowany w wyniku beztlenowego rozkładu biomasy glonów, a także biodiesel oraz bioetanol powstający z oleju pozyskiwanego z alg. W pracy dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej metod hodowli glonów oraz możliwości produkcji z ich biomasy biopaliw płynnych i gazowych.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2016 PolandIn recent decades the demand of energy has increased significantly. Providing more and more energy is an essential task of today's energetic industry. In the last few years, addition to traditional methods of energy production, alternative energy sources have been fast developing. One of these sources is fuel cell, mainly due to their high efficiency. Fuel cells perform direct conversion of chemical fuel into electrical energy, without combustion. Generally fuel cells are powered by hydrogen. However, problems with the storage of hydrogen are the reason for the search of new fuels for fuel cells. Moreover, fuel cells can provide an additional/spare source of energy in energy systems using combustion engines. So, is important to using main fuel to powering fuel cell. The paper presents measurements of electrooxidation of diesel fuel emulsion prepared on the basis of a nonionic surfactant on a smooth platinum electrode in an aqueous solution of H2SO4. The resulting current density reached the level of 20 mA/cm2. So, the possibility of using diesel fuel as fuel for fuel cells has been proved. Ze względu na stale wzrastające zapotrzebowanie na energię elektryczną poszukiwane są coraz to nowsze rozwiązania, pozwalające na sprostanie temu wyzwaniu. W ostatnich latach oprócz tradycyjnych metod wytwarzania energii coraz dynamiczniej rozwija się energetyka niekonwencjonalna. Przykładem takiego rozwiązania jest stosowanie ogniw paliwowych, głównie ze względu na ich wysoką sprawność. Ogniwa te przetwarzają energię chemiczną bezpośrednio na energię elektryczną, z pominięciem procesu spalania paliwa. Najczęściej zasilane są wodorem, jednak problemy z jego przechowywaniem wymuszają poszukiwanie innych paliw. Ponadto ogniwa paliwowe mogą stanowić dodatkowe/zapasowe źródło energii elektrycznej w systemach wykorzystujących np. silniki spalinowe. Istotnym zagadnieniem staje się, więc wykorzystanie paliwa dla głównego źródła zasilania. Praca przedstawia badania nad elektroutlenianiem oleju napędowego na elektrodzie platynowej w wodnym roztworze H2SO4. Uzyskana gęstość prądu wyniosła 20 mA/cm2. Wykazano więc, że istnieje możliwość bezpośredniego zasilania ogniw paliwowych olejem napędowym.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2016 Polandadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2017 PolandW pracy przedstawiono badania nad możliwością wykorzystania odpadowego oleju silnikowego 15W-40 do bezpośredniego pozyskiwania energii elektrycznej. Pomiary obejmowały elektroutlenianie emulsji odpadowego (zużytego) oleju silnikowego 15W-40 na gładkiej elektrodzie platynowej w kwasowym elektrolicie (H2SO4). Do wytworzenia emulsji wykorzystano detergent Syntanol DS-10. Pomiary przeprowadzono w temperaturze 293-333K. Maksymalna uzyskana gęstość prądu wyniosła 19 mA/cm2 (dla temp. 333K). Badania wykazały możliwość bezpośredniego wytwarzania prądu elektrycznego z odpadowego oleju silnikowego 15W40, a więc możliwość zasilania nim ogniw paliwowych. The paper presents possibility of using waste 15W-40 engine oil to direct electricity production. Were measured electrooxidation of waste 15W-40 engine oil emulsion on a smooth platinum electrode in acid electrolyte (H2SO4). The emulsion prepared on the basis of Syntanol DS-10 detergent. The measurements conducted in the temperature range 293-333K. The maximum current density reached the level of 19 mA/cm2 (temp. 333K). Researches shows possibility of direct electricity production from waste 15W-40 engine oil emulsion, so also possibility of powering fuel cell of this oil.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2020 PolandOd stycznia 2017 do stycznia 2019 roku w czterdziestu czterech polskich miastach liczących, co do zasady, ponad 100 tys. mieszkańców realizowano z inicjatywy Ministerstwa Środowiska projekt opracowania miejskich planów adaptacji do zmian klimatu (dalej jako MPA ). Dokumenty te mają w założeniu ułatwić prowadzenie adekwatnych działań w odpowiedzi na zjawiska takie jak powodzie czy gwałtowne ulewy. W treści przyjętych planów można dostrzec sposób postrzegania przez władze publiczne skutków zmian klimatycznych i relacji społeczno-przestrzennych związanych z dostosowywaniem się do tych zmian. Do analizy dokumentów planistycznych autor wykorzystał teoretyczny model „terytorium-miejsce-skala-sieci powiązań” (ang. territory-place-scale-network), który pozwala na uchwycenie złożoności relacji społeczno-przestrzennych na danym terytorium i ich potencjalnego wpływu na działania instytucji publicznych. Celami autora opracowania były: 1) zaprezentowanie genezy i założeń modelu „terytorium-miejsce-skala-sieci powiązań” i weryfikacja możliwości jego zastosowania w odniesieniu do skali miasta; 2) przedstawienie ram formalnych opracowania MPA i ustalenie: a) w jakim zakresie wymiary relacji społeczno-przestrzennych ujęte w modelu teoretycznym zostały uwzględnione w treści MPA, b) jakie konsekwencje mogą z tego wyniknąć podczas wdrażania. W toku badań przeprowadzono pogłębioną analizę literatury przedmiotu i dokumentów strategicznych na poziomie Unii Europejskiej i Polski, skorzystano też z ogólnodostępnych zasobów instytucji publicznych. Do analizy miejskich planów adaptacji do zmian klimatu wykorzystano program MAXQDA. Ustalono, że autorzy MPA odnoszą się przede wszystkim do wymiaru miejsca i w węższym zakresie do pozostałych wymiarów relacji społeczno-przestrzennych, tj. terytorium, skali i sieci powiązań. Z jednej strony należy docenić znaczenie prac nad planami w kontekście mobilizacji zasobów wewnątrz urzędów i zebrania poważnej ilości danych na temat skutków zmian klimatycznych dla dużych polskich miast. Z drugiej jednak mniej szczegółowe odniesienia do społecznych i przestrzennych aspektów konsekwencji zmian klimatycznych dla miast mogą utrudnić we wdrażanie tych dokumentów w praktyce. From January 2017 to January 2019 in forty-four great Polish cities (more than 100,000 inhabitants), a project to develop urban adaptation plans for climate change (UAP) was implemented at the initiative of the Ministry of the Environment. These documents are intended to facilitate adequate actions in response to such phenomena as floods or heavy downpours. A content of the adopted plans shows how public authorities perceive the effects of climate change and the dimensions of socio-spatial relations associated with adaptation policies. The theoretical “territory-place-scale-network” model was used in the analysis. It allows capturing the complexity of socio-spatial relations in a given territory and their potential impact on the public institutions activities. The objectives of the study were: 1) to describe a genesis and assumptions of the “territory-place-scale-network” model;2) to present the formal framework for the development of the UAP and to determine: a) to what extent the dimensions of the socio-spatial relations from the theoretical model were included in the documents b) what consequences may result from this in the implementation of these plans. An in-depth analysis of the literature and strategic documents (at the EU and national levels) was carried out. It was found that UAP authors refer primarily to the dimension of the place and, to a narrower extent, to other dimensions of socio-spatial relations: territory, scale, and networks. On one hand, one should appreciate the importance of plans for the resources mobilization by urban institutions and collecting significant amount of data on the climate change effects on large Polish cities. On the other hand, less detailed are references to the social and spatial aspects of the climate change consequences for cities can cause difficulties in implementing these documents.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2016 Polandadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2016 PolandTechnology of microbial fuel cells (MFC), allowing for the direct production of electricity from biodegradable materials can provide the future of not only energy production, but also wastewater treatment technologies. The fuel for microbial fuel cells can be every source of biodegradable organic matter. An important feature of this technology is to provide cells with very low investment costs. In microbial fuel cell as electrode are used carbon electrodes are most common. The paper presents an analysis of the possibilities of using Cu-B alloy as the electrode in microbial fuel cells. The catalyst should have high catalytic activity and low price. It is therefore necessary to search for materials that meet both of these criteria. The presented measurements include a comparison of changes in the concentration of COD, NH4+ and NO3- in the reactor without aeration, with aeration and with using a microbial fuel cell. It has been shown that the Cu-B alloy may be used as electrode in MFC. The reduction time for COD with the use of microbial fuel cell with the steel catalyst is similar to the reduction time with aeration. However, the characteristic of the curve for aeration is more advantageous for the wastewater treatment process. However, the use of microbial fuel cell allow save energy required for aeration. The obtained current density was approx. 0.18 mA/cm2. The measurements showed that microbial fuel cells may contribute to the development of renewable energy sources while being used for wastewater treatment plant or assisting their purification. The search for new catalysts can contribute to increasing the efficiency of microbial fuel cells both in terms of wastewater treatment, as well as the amount of energy produced. The resulting current density is small, however, to find new, efficient catalysts may allow for more rapid development of renewable energy technologies. Mikrobiologiczne ogniwa paliwowe, których technologia opiera się na bezpośredniej produkcji energii elektrycznej z surowców biodegradowalnych z pewnością może być rozpatrywana jako technologia przyszłości zarówno pod względem produkcji energii jak i oczyszczania ścieków. Istotnym aspektem staje się zatem poszukiwanie takich ogniw, których koszty inwestycyjne byłyby niewielkie. W przypadku mikrobiologicznych ogniw paliwowych ze względów inwestycyjnych najczęściej stosuje się elektrody węglowe. Praca przedstawia analizę możliwości wykorzystania stopu Cu-B jako katalizatora elektrody paliwowej. Metodyka pomiarowa obejmuje porównanie zmian stężenia ChZT, NH4+ oraz NO3- w reaktorze z napowietrzaniem oraz przy wykorzystaniu mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego. Badania wykazują, że istnieje możliwość wykorzystania stopu Cu-B jako katalizatora elektrody paliwowej. Czas redukcji ChZT przy wykorzystaniu mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego z katalizatorem Cu-B zbliżony jest do czasu redukcji przy napowietrzaniu. Charakterystyka krzywej dla napowietrzania jest jednak bardziej korzystna dla procesu oczyszczania ścieków. Jednak wykorzystanie mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego pozwala na zaoszczędzenie energii koniecznej do napowietrzania. Uzyskiwana gęstość prądu wynosiła ok. 0,18 mA/cm2. Pomiary wykazują, że wykorzystanie mikrobiologicznych ogniw paliwowych do oczyszczania ścieków jest kierunkiem jak najbardziej słusznym, a jednocześnie może w przyszłości w znacznym stopniu przyczynić się do rozwoju odnawialnych źródeł energii.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2017 PolandPraca przedstawia analizę możliwości zasilania ogniw paliwowych biopaliwami. Analizy dokonano na podstawie rozpoznania pozycji literaturowych oraz badań własnych. Przeanalizowano wykorzystanie biogazu, wodoru pozyskanego metodami biologicznymi, wykorzystanie alkoholu metylowego oraz olejów roślinnych. Wykazano, że w przypadku metanolu istotnym jest poszukiwanie katalizatorów nie zawierających metali szlachetnych, natomiast w przypadku olejów roślinnych uzyskiwane wartości gęstości prądu nie pozwalają obecnie na zbudowanie ogniwa paliwowego o dużej wydajności. Wykazano, że jednak istnieje możliwość zasilania ogniw paliwowych biopaliwami, jednak konieczne są jednak, prace zmierzające do podwyższenia gęstości uzyskiwanego prądu. The paper presents an analysis of possibility of fuel cells powering with biofuels. Analyzes was done based on the basis of the literature recognition and own research. Use of biogas, hydrogen derived from biological methods, use of methanol and vegetable oils was analyzed. It has been shown that for using methanol is essential to search catalyst not containing of precious metal. For vegetable oils, current density values are low, so currently do not allow and for the construction of a high-performance fuel cell powering vegetable oils. However, the fundamental possibility of using biofuels as fuels to fuel cells, but is necessary to increase the current density of the generated electricity.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2018 PolandW artykule przedstawiono analizę możliwości wykorzystanie na cele energetyczne biomasy odpadowej z produkcji rolniczej. Dokonano oceny możliwości energetycznego wykorzystania biomasy odpadowej w gospodarstwach rolniczych województwa opolskiego. Dokonano charakterystyki biomasy pozyskiwanej z produkcji rolniczej. Zestawiono także parametry wybranych rodzajów biomasy rolniczej.Przedstawiono technologie wykorzystywane do energetycznego przetwarzania biomasy, jakie można wykorzystać w średnich i dużych gospodarstwach rolnych. The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of using waste biomass from agricultural production for energy purposes. The possibility of energetic utilization of waste biomass in agricultural farms in the Opolskie Voivodeship was assessed. Characteristics of biomass obtained from agricultural production were made. The parameters of selected types of agricultural biomass were also summarized. Presented are the technologies used for biomass energy processing, which can be used in medium and large farms.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euResearch data keyboard_double_arrow_right Dataset 2023Publisher:Zenodo Authors: Gmitrowicz-Iwan, Joanna;ENG: In recent years, the floodplain lakes of the Vistula River in Poland have been drying up and the sediments have been transforming into soils. The data show changes in physical and chemical properties between the sediments and the soils that developed from them. The study included texture, pH, hydrolytic acidity, total alkaline cations, total nitrogen, organic carbon, total content of Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P as well as heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) and their speciation. In addition, a toxicity assessment of both materials was performed. PL: W ostatnich latach starorzecza Wisły wysychają, a osady przekształcają się w gleby. Dane pokazują zmiany właściwości fizycznych i chemicznych między osadami a glebami, które się z nich wykształciły. Badania obejmowały uziarnienie, pH, kwasowość hydrolityczną, całkowitą zawartość kationów zasadowych, azot całkowity, węgiel organiczny, całkowitą zawartość Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, a także metali ciężkich (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) i ich specjację. Ponadto przeprowadzono ocenę toksyczności obydwu materiałów. The study was funded by the National Science Centre Poland under the Miniatura 6 program.
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