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These data include population fitness measurements collected for Acartia hudsonica during multigenerational exposure to ocean warming (OW), ocean acidification (OA), and combined ocean warming and acidification (OWA) including a benign ambient condition temperature and CO2 control (AM).

This database includes more than 100 decarbonisation innovations in Paper, Plastic, Steel and Meat & Dairy sectors, across their value chains, as well as in Finance. For each innovation there is a description, information about its contribution to decarbonisation, actors and collaborators involved, sources of funding, drivers, (co)benefits and disadvantages. More information on the method for selecting innovations for the database is available here. The database was created as part of REINVENT – a Horizon 2020 research project funded by the European Commission (grant agreement 730053). REINVENT involves five research institutions from four countries: Lund University (Sweden), Durham University (United Kingdom), Wuppertal Institute (Germany), PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (the Netherlands) and Utrecht University (the Netherlands). More information can be found on our website: www.reinvent-project.eu.

The atmosphere concentration of CO2 is steadily increasing and causing climate change. To achieve the Paris 1.5 or 2 oC target, negative emissions technologies must be deployed in addition to reducing carbon emissions. The ocean is a large carbon sink but the potential of marine primary producers to contribute to carbon neutrality remains unclear. Here we review the alterations to carbon capture and sequestration of marine primary producers (including traditional ‘blue carbon’ plants, microalgae, and macroalgae) in the Anthropocene, and, for the first time, assess and compare the potential of various marine primary producers to carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation via biogeoengineering approaches. The contributions of marine primary producers to carbon sequestration have been decreasing in the Anthropocene due to the decrease in biomass driven by direct anthropogenic activities and climate change. The potential of blue carbon plants (mangroves, saltmarshes, and seagrasses) is limited by the available areas for their revegetation. Microalgae appear to have a large potential due to their ubiquity but how to enhance their carbon sequestration efficiency is very complex and uncertain. On the other hand, macroalgae can play an essential role in mitigating climate change through extensive offshore cultivation due to higher carbon sequestration capacity and substantial available areas. This approach seems both technically and economically feasible due to the development of offshore aquaculture and a well-established market for macroalgal products. Synthesis and applications: This paper provides new insights and suggests promising directions for utilizing marine primary producers to achieve the Paris temperature target. We propose that macroalgae cultivation can play an essential role in attaining carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation, although its ecological impacts need to be assessed further. To calculate the parameters presented in Table 1, the relevant keywords "mangroves, salt marshes, macroalgae, microalgae, global area, net primary productivity, CO2 sequestration" were searched through the ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar in July 2021. Recent data published after 2010 were collected and used since area and productivity of plants change with decade. For data with limited availability, such as net primary productivity (NPP) of seagrasses and global area and NPP of wild macroalgae, data collection was extended back to 1980. Total NPP and CO2 sequestration for mangroves, salt marshes, seagrasses and wild macroalgae were obtained by the multiplication of area and NPP/CO2 sequestration density and subjected to error propagation analysis. Data were expressed as means ± standard error.

This repository contains a series of .csv files developed for the study titled "Plant canopies promote climatic disequilibrium in Mediterranean recruit communities", authored by: Perez-Navarro MA, Lloret F, Molina-Venegas R, Alcántara JM and Verdú M. The author of these files is Perez-Navarro MA. These files are used to characterize species niches, estimate climatic disequilibrium for recruit communities growing under plant canopies and open spaces, and conduct statistical analyses. Variables description of each table is compiled in the METADATA.txt file. Please visit Github readme () to correctly place these files in the folder tree and check for the corresponding scripts where they are required. Please notice that although alternative approaches were calibrated to estimate species niche (accordingly producing multiple niche, distances and disequilibrium dataframes), only niche centroid calibrated discarding 95 percentile of lowest niche density was used for paper results and figures. Also, in case of univariate analyses only bio01, bio06 and bio12 were used in analyses, though species niche and further niche and community estimations were obtained for all 19 variables. This is version 2 (v2) and include extra intermediate .csv required to run all the R scripts included in the abovementioned Github repository. NAs or empty cells present in the .csv files of this repository means no data and do not contribute to the analyses. Visit METADATA.txt file for variables description. These data are under CC0 license. It is possible to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose. Studies using R scripts or any data files from these study should cite the abovementioned paper (Perez-Navarro MA, Lloret F, Molina-Venegas R, Alcantara JM, Verdu M. (2024). Plant canopies promote climatic disequilibrium in Mediterranean recruit communities). Please contact m.angeles582@gmail.com in case of having doubts or problems with the existing files and scripts. Current rates of climate change are exceeding the capacity of many plant species to track climate, thus leading communities to be in disequilibrium with climatic conditions. Plant canopies can contribute to this disequilibrium by buffering macro-climatic conditions and sheltering poorly adapted species to the oncoming climate, particularly in their recruitment stages. Here we analyze differences in climatic disequilibrium between understory and open ground woody plant recruits in 28 localities, covering more than 100,000 m2, across an elevation range embedding temperature and aridity gradients in the southern Iberian Peninsula. This study demonstrates higher climatic disequilibrium under canopies compared with open ground, supporting that plant canopies would affect future community climatic lags by allowing the recruitment of less arid-adapted species in warm and dry conditions, but also it endorse that canopies could favor warm-adapted species in extremely cold environments as mountain tops, thus pre-adapting communities living in these habitats to climate change.

Monthly and daily summary from the Fortuna Station (Centro de Investigaciones Jorge L. Arauz)Location: 8° 43.340'N, 82° 14.241'WParameters: air temperature, wind speed and direction, precipitation, solar radiation (pyranometer)Located in the highlands of the Chiriqui Province, in western Panama.There are three sensor locations: north clearing, south clearing, and a 15m tower.