• Energy Research
• 13. Climate action close
• 6. Clean water close
• PL close
• CN close
• Russian close

Sustainable economic development is also determined by the availability of primary energy supply. Geographical incoherence of energy production and consumption areas leads to new challenges in providing consumers with energy. The purpose of this work is to analyze and assess trends and problems related to the provision of energy resources, mainly of the natural gas for Republic of Moldova in the context of new challenges in the natural gas market and rhe changes in their transport infrastructure. The investigative methodology is based on the analysis of time series of production, consumption and import of energy resources at global and regional level in 1990-2017. It is proposed to using the linear approximation functions. The coefficients and the its signs of these functions ("plus" or "minus") and the value of and the determination coefficient are used for the quantitative analysis of the production, consumption and import trends of primary energy and natural gas. Europe and Asia ensure their energy balance by massive energy imports. The Southeast European region, including the Republic of Moldova, imports large sums of primary energy resources. The need to import natural gas in the Romania-Moldova-Ukraine sub-zone is currently estimated at about 12 million tons of oil equivalent. The new energy corridors for the transportation of natural gas will lead to new challenges regarding the natural gas supply of the Republic of Moldova. Information on possible scenarios of natural gas supply to the Republic of Molodova is presented and the estimated costs for natural gas transport for these scenarios are presented.

The paper aims to provide argumentation of centralized district heating system use from the consideration of harmlessness for both public health and environment, in comparison with the use of individual heating units, installed in residential areas of the Chisinau municipality. Proposed goal have been reached performing the comparison on quantitative harmful emissions resulting from the operation of these two types of heating, using emissions factors, deducted from the specific consumption of thermal energy. The issue's relevance is proved by the existence of considerable number of disconnected users from the centralized heating, though last years, this trend is decreasing. As regard to new buildings, they continue to give priority to the individual heating. Statistical data provided by specialized institutions of the municipality underlines the increased share of incidents of intoxication with combustion products, namely carbon oxide, followed by poisoning from gas leaks, shingles caused by explosions in violation of the operating rules of such equipment, also registering lethal cases. New results are the determination of the difference in emission values for both cases. The importance of the obtained results is that for the generation of thermal energy in a centralized heating system using cogeneration technology, harmful emissions into the environment are 28% less than when using individual heat supply systems. This received ascertainment could serve as an important argumentation for the obvious priority of the centralized heating system in the municipality versus the use of individual units.

Tariffs for energy and energy resources are the main factors determining the sustainable development of the economy. The aim of the paper is to determine and compare the dynamics evolution of the tariffs for thermal energy and the evolution of the gross domestic product (GDP).The data on the heat consumption and tariff change in the city of Chisinau were examined in monetary terms and in relative units compared to the base year 2009. The higher the tariffs, the more part of the GDP, characterized in the economy by the volume of "Output", is spent on "Intermediate consumption (PP)". The difference between "Output" and "Intermediate consumption" volumes is the "gross added value (VAB)", which is the main component of GDP. The analysis of the changes in the real GDP volume of the Republic of Moldova and the increase of the tariffs for the years 2009-2017 (taking into account the GDP forecast for 2018) show that the increase in the tariffs for thermal energy significantly exceeded the real GDP growth. Considering that the planned GDP growth is 4,7% and taking into account the change in the consumer price index (inflation rate), the calculated reduction of the thermal energy tariff in Chisinau is estimated at 28% compared to the existing value, so to 803 lei / Gcal compared to the currently regulated value of 1122 lei / Gcal. The conclusion was reached on the opportunity of applying the proposed methodology to justify current tariffs and in the near future not only extends to thermal energy tariffs, but also for other types of energy, material resources and services in the field of production and social sphere.

This study aims at improving our understanding of observed runoff changes in two glacier covered headwater catchments of the Tarim River in north-west China over the last 50 years, as well as at assessing possible future changes of glaciers and the water balance due to climate change. To this end, we applied an approach based on hydrological modeling. In order to increase the robustness of the results, the model was calibrated in a multi-objective way using daily runoff data, long-term runoff trends, and glacier mass balance data. The results show that the runoff increase over the last 50 years is to a large extent due to an increase in air temperature and an associated increase in glacier melt. Simulations with climate scenarios indicate a further temperature-induced increase of glacier melt in the beginning of the 21st century, but then glacier melt declines due to decreasing glacier areas. Decreasing glacier melt and increasing evapotranspiration result, despite projected increases in precipitation, in decreases of total discharge in 2070-2099 compared to 1971-2000. Целью данного исследования является анализ наблюдаемых изменений стока в двух горно-ледниковых бассейнов р. Тарима на северо-западе Китая за последние 50 лет, а также оценка возможных будущих изменений ледников и водного баланса, вызванные изменением климата. Для этой цели использовалась гидрологическая модель. Чтобы повысить надежность результатов, модель была откалибрована многоцелевым методом на основе ежедневных данных расходов воды, долгосрочных трендах и балансе массы ледников. Результаты показывают, что увеличение расходов за последние 50 лет во многом связано с увеличением температуры и связынным с этим усилением таяния ледников. Моделирование по климатическим сценариям показывает сперва дальнейшее увеличение талого стока связанного с повышением температуры в XXI веке, однако в дальнейшем с уменьшением ледниковой массы, результаты указывают на значительное снижение ледникового стока. Вместе с увеличением испарения это приводит к уменьшению общего расхода в 2070-2099 гг. по сравнению с 1971-2000 гг.