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  • Energy Research

  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Noris, Federico; orcid Musall, Eike;
    Musall, Eike
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Musall, Eike in OpenAIRE
    orcid Salom, Jaume;
    Salom, Jaume
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Salom, Jaume in OpenAIRE
    Berggren, Björn; +3 Authors

    With the current movement towards Net Zero Energy Buildings (Net ZEBs) decisions regarding energy carrier weighting factors will have implications on which technologies could be favoured or disfavoured, and therefore adopted or not adopted, in the building sector of the near future. These implications should be taken into consideration by policy makers when developing legislation and regulations addressing the building sector. A parametric analysis was conducted on six buildings in Europe of different typologies and climates in order to assess how different weighting factors would impact the choice of technical systems to be installed. For each combination the amount of PV capacity necessary to achieve a net zero balance has been calculated and used as the main indicator for comparison; where less PV area means more favourable condition. The effect of including a solar thermal system is also discussed. With the current European national weighting factors, biomass boiler is largely the preferred solution, frequently achieving the balance with PV installed on the roof, while gas boiler is the most penalized. The situation changes when strategic weighting factors are applied. Lower weighting factors for electricity and district heating, e.g. reflecting national targets of increased penetration of renewables in such grids, would promote the use of heat pump and district heating, respectively. Asymmetric factors aimed at rewarding electricity export to the grid would facilitate the achievement of the zero balance for all technologies, promoting cogeneration in some cases. On the contrary, low weighting factors for electricity, e.g. reflecting a scenario of high decarbonisation of the power system, prove quite demanding; only few technical solutions would be able to reach the balance within the available roof area for PV, because of the low value credited to exported electricity. In this situation, the preferred solution would be heat pumps combined with solar thermal. In addition, the choice of weighting factors and the resulting favoured technologies will determine the temporal matching of load and generation. While all-electric solutions tend to use the grid as seasonal storage, other solutions will have a yearly net export of electricity to the grid to compensate for the supply of other (thermal) energy carriers. Therefore, it is important to consider the implications for the electricity grid resulting from the choice of weighting factors. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (Less)

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    citations54
    popularityTop 10%
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Noris, Federico; orcid Musall, Eike;
    Musall, Eike
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Musall, Eike in OpenAIRE
    orcid Salom, Jaume;
    Salom, Jaume
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Salom, Jaume in OpenAIRE
    Berggren, Björn; +3 Authors

    With the current movement towards Net Zero Energy Buildings (Net ZEBs) decisions regarding energy carrier weighting factors will have implications on which technologies could be favoured or disfavoured, and therefore adopted or not adopted, in the building sector of the near future. These implications should be taken into consideration by policy makers when developing legislation and regulations addressing the building sector. A parametric analysis was conducted on six buildings in Europe of different typologies and climates in order to assess how different weighting factors would impact the choice of technical systems to be installed. For each combination the amount of PV capacity necessary to achieve a net zero balance has been calculated and used as the main indicator for comparison; where less PV area means more favourable condition. The effect of including a solar thermal system is also discussed. With the current European national weighting factors, biomass boiler is largely the preferred solution, frequently achieving the balance with PV installed on the roof, while gas boiler is the most penalized. The situation changes when strategic weighting factors are applied. Lower weighting factors for electricity and district heating, e.g. reflecting national targets of increased penetration of renewables in such grids, would promote the use of heat pump and district heating, respectively. Asymmetric factors aimed at rewarding electricity export to the grid would facilitate the achievement of the zero balance for all technologies, promoting cogeneration in some cases. On the contrary, low weighting factors for electricity, e.g. reflecting a scenario of high decarbonisation of the power system, prove quite demanding; only few technical solutions would be able to reach the balance within the available roof area for PV, because of the low value credited to exported electricity. In this situation, the preferred solution would be heat pumps combined with solar thermal. In addition, the choice of weighting factors and the resulting favoured technologies will determine the temporal matching of load and generation. While all-electric solutions tend to use the grid as seasonal storage, other solutions will have a yearly net export of electricity to the grid to compensate for the supply of other (thermal) energy carriers. Therefore, it is important to consider the implications for the electricity grid resulting from the choice of weighting factors. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (Less)

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    addClaim
    54
    citations54
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceTop 10%
    impulseTop 10%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bujosa Mateu, Adrián; Alegre Latorre, Luis; Villalonga Comas, María; orcid bw Salom, Jaume;
    Salom, Jaume
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Salom, Jaume in OpenAIRE
    +4 Authors

    Abstract Purpose The effect of heat waves on mortality is well known, but current evidence on morbidity is limited. Establishing the consequences of these events in terms of morbidity is important to ensure communities and health systems can adapt to them. Methods We thus collected data on total daily emergency hospital admissions, admissions to critical care units, emergency department admissions, and emergency admissions for specific diagnoses to Hospital Universitario de Son Espases from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2021. A heat wave was defined as a period of ≥ 2 days with a maximum temperature ≥ 35 °C, including a 7 day lag effect (inclusive). We used a quasi-Poisson generalized linear model to estimate relative risks (RRs; 95%CI) for heat wave-related hospital admissions. Results Results showed statistically significant increases in total emergency admissions (RR 1.06; 95%CI 1 – 1.12), emergency department admissions (RR 1.12; 95%CI 1.07 – 1.18), and admissions for ischemic stroke (RR 1.26; 95%CI 1.02 – 1.54), acute kidney injury (RR 1.67; 95%CI 1.16 – 2.35), and heat stroke (RR 18.73, 95%CI 6.48 – 45.83) during heat waves. Conclusion Heat waves increase hospitalization risk, primarily for thromboembolic and renal diseases and heat strokes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ International Archiv...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: PubMed Central
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Docusalut
    Article . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Docusalut
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Article . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    citations3
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ International Archiv...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: PubMed Central
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Docusalut
      Article . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Docusalut
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Article . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bujosa Mateu, Adrián; Alegre Latorre, Luis; Villalonga Comas, María; orcid bw Salom, Jaume;
    Salom, Jaume
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Salom, Jaume in OpenAIRE
    +4 Authors

    Abstract Purpose The effect of heat waves on mortality is well known, but current evidence on morbidity is limited. Establishing the consequences of these events in terms of morbidity is important to ensure communities and health systems can adapt to them. Methods We thus collected data on total daily emergency hospital admissions, admissions to critical care units, emergency department admissions, and emergency admissions for specific diagnoses to Hospital Universitario de Son Espases from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2021. A heat wave was defined as a period of ≥ 2 days with a maximum temperature ≥ 35 °C, including a 7 day lag effect (inclusive). We used a quasi-Poisson generalized linear model to estimate relative risks (RRs; 95%CI) for heat wave-related hospital admissions. Results Results showed statistically significant increases in total emergency admissions (RR 1.06; 95%CI 1 – 1.12), emergency department admissions (RR 1.12; 95%CI 1.07 – 1.18), and admissions for ischemic stroke (RR 1.26; 95%CI 1.02 – 1.54), acute kidney injury (RR 1.67; 95%CI 1.16 – 2.35), and heat stroke (RR 18.73, 95%CI 6.48 – 45.83) during heat waves. Conclusion Heat waves increase hospitalization risk, primarily for thromboembolic and renal diseases and heat strokes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ International Archiv...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: PubMed Central
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Docusalut
    Article . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Docusalut
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Article . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ International Archiv...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: PubMed Central
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Docusalut
      Article . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Docusalut
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Article . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Macià Cid, Jordi;
    Macià Cid, Jordi
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Macià Cid, Jordi in OpenAIRE
    orcid Mylonas, Angelos;
    Mylonas, Angelos
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Mylonas, Angelos in OpenAIRE
    orcid Péan, Thibault Q.;
    Péan, Thibault Q.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Péan, Thibault Q. in OpenAIRE
    orcid Pascual, Jordi;
    Pascual, Jordi
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Pascual, Jordi in OpenAIRE
    +1 Authors

    This study presents an optimization algorithm for Model Predictive Control (MPC) of the HVAC systems in multi-family residential buildings assessing the performance of four objective functions. Implemented in C++, using the free OR-Tools optimization library, the model is formulated a Mixed Integer-Linear Programming (MILP) problem. The study analyses the results of tests conducted on a 20-dwelling block in Switzerland across various weather and occupancy conditions, resulting in a parametric study of 64 cases. The models developed for the MPC are Grey-box type for the interconnected energy systems: the building, thermal storage tanks, a heat pump, the ventilation system and PV collectors, highlighting a radiant wall heating system integrated into the building facade. The tanks and the heat pump models were informed with manufacturer data, while for the building a R3C3 thermal-electrical equivalent model was developed, calibrated using TRNSYS simulations with a root mean square error of 1.7%. Findings demonstrate how the algorithm optimizes the operation according to the desired criteria, while ensuring indoor comfort with a 15-minute time resolution. The time execution of the majority of cases is under 3 min in a low-specs computer, affirming its practical viability for real-world implementation.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    ZENODO
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
    ZENODO
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
    ZENODO
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: ZENODO
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      Energy and Buildings
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    Authors: orcid Macià Cid, Jordi;
    Macià Cid, Jordi
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    orcid Mylonas, Angelos;
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    orcid Péan, Thibault Q.;
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    orcid Pascual, Jordi;
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    This study presents an optimization algorithm for Model Predictive Control (MPC) of the HVAC systems in multi-family residential buildings assessing the performance of four objective functions. Implemented in C++, using the free OR-Tools optimization library, the model is formulated a Mixed Integer-Linear Programming (MILP) problem. The study analyses the results of tests conducted on a 20-dwelling block in Switzerland across various weather and occupancy conditions, resulting in a parametric study of 64 cases. The models developed for the MPC are Grey-box type for the interconnected energy systems: the building, thermal storage tanks, a heat pump, the ventilation system and PV collectors, highlighting a radiant wall heating system integrated into the building facade. The tanks and the heat pump models were informed with manufacturer data, while for the building a R3C3 thermal-electrical equivalent model was developed, calibrated using TRNSYS simulations with a root mean square error of 1.7%. Findings demonstrate how the algorithm optimizes the operation according to the desired criteria, while ensuring indoor comfort with a 15-minute time resolution. The time execution of the majority of cases is under 3 min in a low-specs computer, affirming its practical viability for real-world implementation.

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    Energy and Buildings
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      Energy and Buildings
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    Authors: orcid N. Soledad Ibañez Iralde;
    N. Soledad Ibañez Iralde
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    orcid Jordi Pascual;
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    Jordi Pascual in OpenAIRE
    orcid Jaume Salom;
    Jaume Salom
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    Jaume Salom in OpenAIRE

    Abstract The building sector is responsible for more than 40% of final energy consumption in Europe; consequently, retrofitting existing buildings can significantly contribute to mitigate greenhouse emissions. Nevertheless, although the European Union has introduced relevant policy instruments, up to now the annual retrofit rates are considerably low with an average of 0.2% at European level. Understanding the past would support the success of the new strategies, such as the recent ones launched through the New Green Deal, which reinforces the importance of renovating existing buildings stock, as the main aim of the renovation wave. As a starting point for assessing the main challenges to allocate the Recovery funds, this paper provides a review of Spain’s relevant literature to clearly define the characterization of the existing building stock, which actions have been typically considered under the scope of retrofits, and which strategies have been implemented until now, considering both, private and public initiatives and public financial schemes. The present work has a strong focus on energy-related strategies, although other interrelated actions are mentioned, such as accessibility measures and interior refurbishment of dwellings. Differences and similarities within these approaches are presented through the analysis of 27 relevant references of retrofitting actions and 52 references of financial mechanisms. As in Spain 93% of multifamily buildings were constructed prior to the national transposition of the first Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD), and therefore are in need of deep energy renovations, the retrofitting of multifamily buildings topic has been widely addressed, even though often in a disjointed manner. The study suggests that although historically there have been several recommended strategies, few are conceived as integral actions, only 15% of the intervention packages refer passive and active energy-related measures and renewable energy incorporation. Furthermore, considering the antiquity of the building stock and the advantage of addressing the topic through clusters, only 63% of the resources directly refer these actions to specific clusters among the six distinctive periods, although in most cases focusing their recommendations on buildings constructed before 1980 where the worst energy performance buildings are concentrated. Concerning public financial and funding instruments, the research illustrates that there has been a substantial increment of programs over the last years promoting energy-related measures, renewable energy and other complementary aspects such as accessibility and interior renovations, mainly for older clusters. Nevertheless, the funds constitute only 8% of the necessary declared investments, which along with the dispersion between the different procedures and the complexity of the processes, have significantly reduced the global impact of these actions without generating robust and oriented market dynamics. Despite the several resources found, both financial instruments and guidelines tend to describe in more detail strategies related to heating demand and consumption and not delve into other relevant actions for warmer climates, fact associated both to the dynamics coming from other countries, and to a vision of the past in which people do not consume refrigeration. This clear focus on heating loads rather than cooling could present limitations for warmer regions in the near climate-change future.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Energy and Buildings
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    Authors: orcid N. Soledad Ibañez Iralde;
    N. Soledad Ibañez Iralde
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    N. Soledad Ibañez Iralde in OpenAIRE
    orcid Jordi Pascual;
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    Jordi Pascual in OpenAIRE
    orcid Jaume Salom;
    Jaume Salom
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    Abstract The building sector is responsible for more than 40% of final energy consumption in Europe; consequently, retrofitting existing buildings can significantly contribute to mitigate greenhouse emissions. Nevertheless, although the European Union has introduced relevant policy instruments, up to now the annual retrofit rates are considerably low with an average of 0.2% at European level. Understanding the past would support the success of the new strategies, such as the recent ones launched through the New Green Deal, which reinforces the importance of renovating existing buildings stock, as the main aim of the renovation wave. As a starting point for assessing the main challenges to allocate the Recovery funds, this paper provides a review of Spain’s relevant literature to clearly define the characterization of the existing building stock, which actions have been typically considered under the scope of retrofits, and which strategies have been implemented until now, considering both, private and public initiatives and public financial schemes. The present work has a strong focus on energy-related strategies, although other interrelated actions are mentioned, such as accessibility measures and interior refurbishment of dwellings. Differences and similarities within these approaches are presented through the analysis of 27 relevant references of retrofitting actions and 52 references of financial mechanisms. As in Spain 93% of multifamily buildings were constructed prior to the national transposition of the first Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD), and therefore are in need of deep energy renovations, the retrofitting of multifamily buildings topic has been widely addressed, even though often in a disjointed manner. The study suggests that although historically there have been several recommended strategies, few are conceived as integral actions, only 15% of the intervention packages refer passive and active energy-related measures and renewable energy incorporation. Furthermore, considering the antiquity of the building stock and the advantage of addressing the topic through clusters, only 63% of the resources directly refer these actions to specific clusters among the six distinctive periods, although in most cases focusing their recommendations on buildings constructed before 1980 where the worst energy performance buildings are concentrated. Concerning public financial and funding instruments, the research illustrates that there has been a substantial increment of programs over the last years promoting energy-related measures, renewable energy and other complementary aspects such as accessibility and interior renovations, mainly for older clusters. Nevertheless, the funds constitute only 8% of the necessary declared investments, which along with the dispersion between the different procedures and the complexity of the processes, have significantly reduced the global impact of these actions without generating robust and oriented market dynamics. Despite the several resources found, both financial instruments and guidelines tend to describe in more detail strategies related to heating demand and consumption and not delve into other relevant actions for warmer climates, fact associated both to the dynamics coming from other countries, and to a vision of the past in which people do not consume refrigeration. This clear focus on heating loads rather than cooling could present limitations for warmer regions in the near climate-change future.

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    Energy and Buildings
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  • Authors: Joakim Widén; José A. Candanedo; orcid Jaume Salom;
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    This paper aimed to contribute to the discussion about the role of net zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) or nearly ZEBs in future energy systems, from the perspective of the resulting import/export interaction with the surrounding energy grid (commonly named grid interaction (GI)). This investigation analyses three buildings with measured data at sub-hourly time resolution. The goal of this paper was to quantify the effect of using high-resolution data (one or a few minutes) versus hourly resolution in the GI analysis of buildings with an on-site generation system. A limited set of quantitative GI indicators have been selected: the generation multiple, the dimensioning rate and the connection capacity credit. Additionally, this paper presents graphical representations describing in an intuitive way the yearly or daily variation of the indicators. Some general trends have been identified and the usefulness of the selected indicators is demonstrated. Findings show conclusively that sub-hourly analysis will give ...

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    Karen Byskov Lindberg;

    This paper aimed to contribute to the discussion about the role of net zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) or nearly ZEBs in future energy systems, from the perspective of the resulting import/export interaction with the surrounding energy grid (commonly named grid interaction (GI)). This investigation analyses three buildings with measured data at sub-hourly time resolution. The goal of this paper was to quantify the effect of using high-resolution data (one or a few minutes) versus hourly resolution in the GI analysis of buildings with an on-site generation system. A limited set of quantitative GI indicators have been selected: the generation multiple, the dimensioning rate and the connection capacity credit. Additionally, this paper presents graphical representations describing in an intuitive way the yearly or daily variation of the indicators. Some general trends have been identified and the usefulness of the selected indicators is demonstrated. Findings show conclusively that sub-hourly analysis will give ...

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    Authors: orcid Da Costa, Georges;
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    In this paper we present an approach to improve power and cooling capacity management in a data center by taking into account knowledge about applications and workloads. We apply power capping techniques and proper cooling infrastructure configuration to achieve savings in energy and costs. To estimate values of a total energy consumption and costs we simulate both IT software/hardware and cooling infrastructure at once using the CoolEmAll SVD Toolkit. We also investigated the use of power capping to adjust data center operation to variable power supply and pricing. By better adjusting cooling infrastructure to specific types of workloads, we were able to find a configuration which resulted in energy, OPEX and CAPEX savings in the range of 4–25 %.

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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
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      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
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    Authors: orcid Da Costa, Georges;
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    Da Costa, Georges in OpenAIRE
    orcid Oleksiak, Ariel;
    Oleksiak, Ariel
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    Oleksiak, Ariel in OpenAIRE
    Piatek, Wojciech; orcid Salom, Jaume;
    Salom, Jaume
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    Salom, Jaume in OpenAIRE
    +1 Authors

    In this paper we present an approach to improve power and cooling capacity management in a data center by taking into account knowledge about applications and workloads. We apply power capping techniques and proper cooling infrastructure configuration to achieve savings in energy and costs. To estimate values of a total energy consumption and costs we simulate both IT software/hardware and cooling infrastructure at once using the CoolEmAll SVD Toolkit. We also investigated the use of power capping to adjust data center operation to variable power supply and pricing. By better adjusting cooling infrastructure to specific types of workloads, we were able to find a configuration which resulted in energy, OPEX and CAPEX savings in the range of 4–25 %.

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    Authors: orcid Paolo Taddeo;
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    The electricity sector foresees a significant change in the way energy is generated and distributed in the coming years. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, smart algorithms can determine the difference about how and when energy is produced or consumed by residential districts. However, managing and implementing energy demand response, in particular energy flexibility activations, in real case studies still presents issues to be solved. This study, within the framework of the European project “SABINA H2020”, addresses the development of a multi-level optimization algorithm that has been tested in a semi-virtual real-time configuration. Results from a two-day test show the potential of building’s flexibility and highlight its complexity. Results show how the first level algorithm goal to reduce the energy injected to the grid is accomplished as well as the energy consumption shift from nighttime to daytime hours. As conclusion, the study demonstrates the feasibility of such kind of configurations and puts the basis for real test site implementation.

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    Authors: orcid Paolo Taddeo;
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    orcid Alba Colet;
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    The electricity sector foresees a significant change in the way energy is generated and distributed in the coming years. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, smart algorithms can determine the difference about how and when energy is produced or consumed by residential districts. However, managing and implementing energy demand response, in particular energy flexibility activations, in real case studies still presents issues to be solved. This study, within the framework of the European project “SABINA H2020”, addresses the development of a multi-level optimization algorithm that has been tested in a semi-virtual real-time configuration. Results from a two-day test show the potential of building’s flexibility and highlight its complexity. Results show how the first level algorithm goal to reduce the energy injected to the grid is accomplished as well as the energy consumption shift from nighttime to daytime hours. As conclusion, the study demonstrates the feasibility of such kind of configurations and puts the basis for real test site implementation.

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    Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
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    Authors: orcid Romaní, Joaquim;
    Romaní, Joaquim
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    orcid bw Pérez-Rodríguez, Alejandro;
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    Building integrated photovoltaics (PV) are promising technologies to integrate renewable energy production and achieve positive energy buildings. Transparent photovoltaics increase the integration options, especially in windows and skylights. In this context, the Tech4win project has developed a prototype tandem UV filter and organic transparent photovoltaic. The current paper presents a techno-economic analysis of the performance of this prototype. The laboratory data is introduced in a TRNSYS18 simulation for evaluating the impact in the heating, cooling, lighting, and the PV electrical production. The simulation scenarios include office and residential buildings in five different climates. Moreover, the economic analysis consists of a sensitivity study on the PV window investment cost, the electricity price, and the feed-in tariff. The results show that the PV windows increase the heating and lighting demand in all cases, but may decrease the cooling demand compared to non-solar control windows. Consequently, in the heating dominated scenarios the PV windows increase the energy demand but, in cooling dominated cases, the demand only decreases if the PV window's solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) improves that of conventional window. Nevertheless, in all studied scenarios the PV window improved the building energy balance. Finally, the electricity pricing schedules and the feed-in tariff are key into the economic feasibility.

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    Journal of Building Engineering
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      Journal of Building Engineering
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    Authors: orcid Romaní, Joaquim;
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    orcid bw Pérez-Rodríguez, Alejandro;
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    Pérez-Rodríguez, Alejandro in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Salom, Jaume;
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    Salom, Jaume in OpenAIRE

    Building integrated photovoltaics (PV) are promising technologies to integrate renewable energy production and achieve positive energy buildings. Transparent photovoltaics increase the integration options, especially in windows and skylights. In this context, the Tech4win project has developed a prototype tandem UV filter and organic transparent photovoltaic. The current paper presents a techno-economic analysis of the performance of this prototype. The laboratory data is introduced in a TRNSYS18 simulation for evaluating the impact in the heating, cooling, lighting, and the PV electrical production. The simulation scenarios include office and residential buildings in five different climates. Moreover, the economic analysis consists of a sensitivity study on the PV window investment cost, the electricity price, and the feed-in tariff. The results show that the PV windows increase the heating and lighting demand in all cases, but may decrease the cooling demand compared to non-solar control windows. Consequently, in the heating dominated scenarios the PV windows increase the energy demand but, in cooling dominated cases, the demand only decreases if the PV window's solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) improves that of conventional window. Nevertheless, in all studied scenarios the PV window improved the building energy balance. Finally, the electricity pricing schedules and the feed-in tariff are key into the economic feasibility.

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    Journal of Building Engineering
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      Journal of Building Engineering
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    Authors: Victor Depoorter; Albert Garcia; orcid Jaume Salom;
    Jaume Salom
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    orcid Eduard Oró;
    Eduard Oró
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    Eduard Oró in OpenAIRE

    Abstract The continuous growth in size, complexity and energy density of data centres due to the increasing demand for storage, networking and computation has become a worldwide energetic problem. The emergent awareness of the negative impact that the uncontrolled energy consumption has on natural environment, the predicted limitation of fossil fuels production in the upcoming decades and the growing associated costs have strongly influenced the energy systems engineering work in the last decades. Therefore, the implementation of well known and advanced energy efficiency measures to reduce data centres energy demand play an important role not only to a supportable growth but also to reduce its operational costs. The carbon footprint is greatly influenced by the energy sources used. Therefore, there have been recent efforts to exploit and reuse or combine green energy sources in data centres to lower brown energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This paper presents a comprehensible overview of the current data centre infrastructure and summarizes a number of currently available energy efficiency strategies and renewable energy integration into data centres and its characterization using numerical models. Moreover it would be necessary to develop dynamic models and metrics for properly understand and quantify the energy consumption and the benefits of applying the incoming energy efficiency strategies and renewable energy sources in the data centres. Thus, the researches or investors will be able to compare with reliability the different data centre designs and choose the best option depending on the renewable energy sources and capital available.

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    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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    Authors: Victor Depoorter; Albert Garcia; orcid Jaume Salom;
    Jaume Salom
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    Jaume Salom in OpenAIRE
    orcid Eduard Oró;
    Eduard Oró
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    Abstract The continuous growth in size, complexity and energy density of data centres due to the increasing demand for storage, networking and computation has become a worldwide energetic problem. The emergent awareness of the negative impact that the uncontrolled energy consumption has on natural environment, the predicted limitation of fossil fuels production in the upcoming decades and the growing associated costs have strongly influenced the energy systems engineering work in the last decades. Therefore, the implementation of well known and advanced energy efficiency measures to reduce data centres energy demand play an important role not only to a supportable growth but also to reduce its operational costs. The carbon footprint is greatly influenced by the energy sources used. Therefore, there have been recent efforts to exploit and reuse or combine green energy sources in data centres to lower brown energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This paper presents a comprehensible overview of the current data centre infrastructure and summarizes a number of currently available energy efficiency strategies and renewable energy integration into data centres and its characterization using numerical models. Moreover it would be necessary to develop dynamic models and metrics for properly understand and quantify the energy consumption and the benefits of applying the incoming energy efficiency strategies and renewable energy sources in the data centres. Thus, the researches or investors will be able to compare with reliability the different data centre designs and choose the best option depending on the renewable energy sources and capital available.

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    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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    Authors: orcid Ivančić, Aleksandar;
    Ivančić, Aleksandar
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    orcid Romaní, Joaquim;
    Romaní, Joaquim
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    Romaní, Joaquim in OpenAIRE
    orcid Salom, Jaume;
    Salom, Jaume
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    Salom, Jaume in OpenAIRE
    Cambronero, Maria-Victoria;

    District energy systems, especially those integrating renewables or low exergy sources, have multiple elements for generating heating and cooling. Some of these elements might be used for both purposes: heating and cooling, either simultaneously or alternatively. This makes it more complex to separate the assessment and have a clear picture on performance of cooling service on one side, and heating services on the other, in terms of energy, environmental, and economic results. However, a correct comparison between different district energy configurations or among district energy and conventional solutions requires split assessment of each service. The paper presents a methodology for calculating different district heating and cooling system key performance indicators (KPIs), distinguishing between heating and cooling ones. A total of eleven indicators are organized under four categories: energy, environment, economy and socio-economy. Each KPI is defined for heating service and for cooling service. According to this, the methodology proposes a demand-based and an investment-based share factors that facilitate the heating and cooling KPI calculation.

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    Energies
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    Authors: orcid Ivančić, Aleksandar;
    Ivančić, Aleksandar
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    Ivančić, Aleksandar in OpenAIRE
    orcid Romaní, Joaquim;
    Romaní, Joaquim
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    Romaní, Joaquim in OpenAIRE
    orcid Salom, Jaume;
    Salom, Jaume
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    Salom, Jaume in OpenAIRE
    Cambronero, Maria-Victoria;

    District energy systems, especially those integrating renewables or low exergy sources, have multiple elements for generating heating and cooling. Some of these elements might be used for both purposes: heating and cooling, either simultaneously or alternatively. This makes it more complex to separate the assessment and have a clear picture on performance of cooling service on one side, and heating services on the other, in terms of energy, environmental, and economic results. However, a correct comparison between different district energy configurations or among district energy and conventional solutions requires split assessment of each service. The paper presents a methodology for calculating different district heating and cooling system key performance indicators (KPIs), distinguishing between heating and cooling ones. A total of eleven indicators are organized under four categories: energy, environment, economy and socio-economy. Each KPI is defined for heating service and for cooling service. According to this, the methodology proposes a demand-based and an investment-based share factors that facilitate the heating and cooling KPI calculation.

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