• Energy Research

This paper evaluates the performance of a recently patented rotationally asymmetrical dielectric totally internally reflective concentrator (RADTIRC) under diffuse radiation. The RADTIRC has a geometrical concentration gain of 4.969 and two half acceptance angles of ± 30° and ± 40° along the x-axis and z-axis respectively. Simulation and experimental work have been carried out to determine the optical concentration gain under diffuse radiation. It was found that the RADTIRC has an optical concentration gain of 1.94 under diffuse irradiance. The experimental results for the single concentrator showed an optoelectronic gain of 2.13, giving a difference of 9.8% due to factors such as the presence of direct radiation during experiments, the increase in diffuse radiation due to the reflection from surrounded buildings as well as from the ground reflection.

Accepted version has different title - "Concentrating solar photovoltaic system: where is it going now?"

Le onzième plan de la Malaisie a commencé à encourager le développement de bâtiments verts et l'industrie verte El Undécimo Plan de Malasia comenzó a fomentar el desarrollo de edificios ecológicos y la industria ecológica Malaysia's Eleventh Plan started to encourage green building developments and green indus- بدأت الخطة الحادية عشرة لماليزيا في تشجيع تطوير المباني الخضراء والصناعات الخضراء

Making housing carbon neutral is one of the European Union (EU) targets with the aim to reduce energy consumption and to increase on-site renewable energy generation in the domestic sector. Optical concentrators have a strong potential to minimise the cost of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems by replacing expensive photovoltaic (PV) material whilst maintaining the same electrical output. In this work, the performance of a recently patented optical concentrator known as the rotationally asymmetrical dielectric totally internally reflective concentrator (RADTIRC) was analysed under direct and diffuse lightconditions. The RADTIRC has a geometrical concentration gain of 4.969 and two half acceptance angles of ±40 and ±30 respectively along the two axes. Simulation and experimental work has been carried out to determine the optical concentration gain and the angular response of the concentrator. It wasfound that the RADTIRC has an optical concentration gain of 4.66 under direct irradiance and 1.94 under diffuse irradiance. The experimental results for the single concentrator showed a reduction in concentration gain of 4.2% when compared with simulation data.

The race towards achieving a sustainable zero carbon building has spurred the introduction of many new technologies, including the BIPV (building integrated photovoltaic) system. To tackle the high capital cost of BIPV systems, LCPV (low-concentration photovoltaic) technology was developed. Besides the reductionof cost, the LCPV technology also produces clean energy for the building and promotes innovative architectural design. This paper presents a novel type of concentrator for BIPV systems. This concentrator, known as the RADTIRC (rotationally asymmetrical dielectric totally internally reflecting concentrator), wasincorporated in a small double glazing window. The RADTIRC has a geometrical concentration ratio of 4.9069x. A series of experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the solar PV window both indoors and outdoors. It was found that the RADTIRC-PV window increases the short circuit currentby 4.13x when compared with a non-concentrating solar PV window. In terms of maximum power generation, the RADTIRC-PV window generates 0.749 W at normal incidence, 4.8x higher than the nonconcentrating counterpart.

In 2015, approximately 195 countries agreed with the United Nations that by 2030, they would work to make the world a better place. There would be synergies in accomplishing the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Synergy using a single sustainable resource is critical to assist developing nations in achieving the SDGs as cost-effectively and efficiently possible. To use fungal dye resources, we proposed a combination of the zero hunger and affordable energy goals. Dyes are widely used in high-tech sectors, including food and energy. Natural dyes are more environment-friendly than synthetic dyes and may have medicinal benefits. Fungi are a natural source of dye that can be substituted for plants. For example, medicinal mushrooms offer a wide range of safe organic dyes that may be produced instantly, inexpensively, and in large quantities. Meanwhile, medicinal mushroom dyes may provide a less expensive choice for photovoltaic (PV) technology due to their non-toxic and environmentally friendly qualities. This agenda thoroughly explains the significance of pigments from medicinal mushrooms in culinary and solar PV applications. If executed effectively, such a large, unwieldy and ambitious agenda may lead the world towards inclusive and sustainable development.

The human body is shown to have their own radiation that emits at certain frequencies into the space surround the body. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristic of human electromagnetic radiation among kidney disease patients and non-kidney disease participants. The body radiation frequencies are measured using body radiation wave detector at twenty-two points of the human body. The properties of human electromagnetic radiation are evaluated using statistical analysis of dependent t-test of Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and independent t-test of Mann-Whitney U test. Significant results with the Sig. value below 0.05 are shown in lower body, torso, chakra, arm and upper body, thus indicates the characteristic differences of human electromagnetic radiation frequency between kidney disease patients and non-kidney disease participants.