• Energy Research
• engineering and technology close
• 6. Clean water close
• 2. Zero hunger close

Abstract An outlook into the country profile at the existing electricity generation with crude oil production at the present level with accompanying gas flares cause CO 2 emission as well as the industrial, human activities and the grid electricity distribution has been accounted for. The estimation of solar radiation levels as well as its productivity in terms of photovoltaics (PV׳s), concentrated solar powers (CSP) and chimney towers have been paid for others renewable energies; wind, tidal and geothermal productivity. A selection of possible site for installation according to the given geographical hazard and the maximum solar radiation could be collected. An overview for futuristic demands and possible solar energy supply that could be generated has reviewed. Furthermore, the desalination of underground or polluted water to support the solar system as well as the needed plantation to preserve a clean and green environment and low dust climate is presented.

Abstract An outlook into the country profile at the existing electricity generation with crude oil production at the present level with accompanying gas flares cause CO 2 emission as well as the industrial, human activities and the grid electricity distribution has been accounted for. The estimation of solar radiation levels as well as its productivity in terms of photovoltaics (PV׳s), concentrated solar powers (CSP) and chimney towers have been paid for others renewable energies; wind, tidal and geothermal productivity. A selection of possible site for installation according to the given geographical hazard and the maximum solar radiation could be collected. An overview for futuristic demands and possible solar energy supply that could be generated has reviewed. Furthermore, the desalination of underground or polluted water to support the solar system as well as the needed plantation to preserve a clean and green environment and low dust climate is presented.

Heavy Metals Content Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn And Ni In Sea Water And Sediment In Membramo Estuary And Its Relationship With Fishery Cultivation. Obervation on heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni content in Jakarta Bay were carried out in August 2003. The results showed that the Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni content still in line with threshold value stated by for fisheries. By the all, in sea water Zn content is higher compared to the others, while in sediment Ni is higher. This data showed the result show that on waters of Membramo River Zn and Ni waste than others elements. Keywords: Membramo, heavy metals, fisheries.

Heavy Metals Content Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn And Ni In Sea Water And Sediment In Membramo Estuary And Its Relationship With Fishery Cultivation. Obervation on heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni content in Jakarta Bay were carried out in August 2003. The results showed that the Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni content still in line with threshold value stated by for fisheries. By the all, in sea water Zn content is higher compared to the others, while in sediment Ni is higher. This data showed the result show that on waters of Membramo River Zn and Ni waste than others elements. Keywords: Membramo, heavy metals, fisheries.

In this paper, we propose and investigate an original approach to energy conversion based on polyzwitterionic hydrogels, which exhibit an antipolyelectrolyte effect that enables them to swell in salt water and shrink in water of a different (i.e., desalinated water) salinity. The swelling and shrinking processes run cyclically and can move a piston up or down reversibly, thus transforming the antipolyelectrolyte effect into a mechanical force based on the salinity gradient. This phenomenon makes polyzwitterionic hydrogels suitable for use in a smart, polymeric engine. We apply this approach to investigate energy recovery from a polysulfobetaine-based hydrogel. The cross-linking density, external load, particle size, and repeatability of energy recoverability of hydrogels are examined. The maximum energy recovery from 0.4 g of hydrogel in feed (calculated based on dry form) of 102 mJ/kg was obtained by a hydrogel with a 3% cross-linking density, a 200-300 μm particle size, and 100 g external load. Excellent reproducibility of engine cycles was achieved over 10 cycles. This concept is complementary to the osmotic engine concept based on a polyelectrolyte hydrogel. In addition, polyzwitterionic materials have become a benchmark material for preventing biofouling, and the swelling properties of such materials can be further modulated and tuned.

In this paper, we propose and investigate an original approach to energy conversion based on polyzwitterionic hydrogels, which exhibit an antipolyelectrolyte effect that enables them to swell in salt water and shrink in water of a different (i.e., desalinated water) salinity. The swelling and shrinking processes run cyclically and can move a piston up or down reversibly, thus transforming the antipolyelectrolyte effect into a mechanical force based on the salinity gradient. This phenomenon makes polyzwitterionic hydrogels suitable for use in a smart, polymeric engine. We apply this approach to investigate energy recovery from a polysulfobetaine-based hydrogel. The cross-linking density, external load, particle size, and repeatability of energy recoverability of hydrogels are examined. The maximum energy recovery from 0.4 g of hydrogel in feed (calculated based on dry form) of 102 mJ/kg was obtained by a hydrogel with a 3% cross-linking density, a 200-300 μm particle size, and 100 g external load. Excellent reproducibility of engine cycles was achieved over 10 cycles. This concept is complementary to the osmotic engine concept based on a polyelectrolyte hydrogel. In addition, polyzwitterionic materials have become a benchmark material for preventing biofouling, and the swelling properties of such materials can be further modulated and tuned.

Abstract Most refrigeration plants for cooling mines use cold water. This is becoming uneconomical as mines get deeper and pumping costs increase. This Paper proposes an air cycle refrigeration system for use in deep mines to provide underground refrigeration without the use of water.

Abstract Most refrigeration plants for cooling mines use cold water. This is becoming uneconomical as mines get deeper and pumping costs increase. This Paper proposes an air cycle refrigeration system for use in deep mines to provide underground refrigeration without the use of water.