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{"references": ["T Gopinathan, K P Arul Shri: Simulation of Recharging Battery of the\nPacemaker using Piezoelectric Crystal from the Pulse in Aorta, Thesis,\nDec 2011.", "H.W. Ko: US Patent 3456134A: Piezoelectric Energy Converter for\nElectronic Implants, 1969.", "A. Badel: R\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d'Energie et Contr\u00f4le Vibratoire par El\u00e9ments\nPi\u00e9zo\u00e9lectriques Suivant une Approche Non Lin\u00e9aire, Ph.D. Thesis,\nUniversit\u00e9 de Savoie, 2008.", "M. Deterre: Toward an Energy Harvester for Leadless Pacemakers,\nPh.D. Thesis, Paris-Sud Univ. 2013.", "N. Andrew: Redington,CardiacDept, Brompton Hospital, Fulham Road,\nLondon SW3 6HP, in press.", "R. White, G. Savage, M. Zdeblick: US Patent 7729768 B2: Implantable\nCardiac Motion Powered Piezoelectric Energy Source.", "S. Priya, D.J. Inman: Energy Harvesting Technologies.", "N. Bassiri-Gharb : Piezoelectric Mems: Materials and Devices,\nPiezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications, A.\nSafari, E.K. Akdogan, eds., Springer US, 2008, pp. 413\u2013430.", "W. Clark, C. Mo : Energy Harvesting Technologies, Ch.16, pp.405-430,\nS. Priya, D.J. Inman eds., Springer, 2009.\n[10] M. Deterre, E. Lefeuvre, E. Dufour-Gergam : An Active Piezoelectric\nEnergy Extraction Method for Pressure Energy Harvesting, Smart\nMaterials and Structures, Vol.21(8), 085004, 2012.\n[11] M.A. Karami, D.J. Inman: Powering Pacemakers from Heartbeat\nVibrations Using Linear and Nonlinear Energy Harvesters, Appl. Phys.\nLett. 100, 042901 (2012), in press.\n[12] S.R Anton, H.A Sodano : A Review of Power Harvesting Using\nPiezoelectric Materials (2003\u20132006), Smart Materials and Structures,\nVol.16(3), R1, 2007."]} Present project consists in a study and a development of piezoelectric devices for supplying power to new generation pacemakers. They are miniaturized leadless implants without battery placed directly in right ventricle. Amongst different acceptable energy sources in cardiac environment, we choose the solution of a device based on conversion of the energy produced by pressure variation inside the heart into electrical energy. The proposed energy harvesters can meet the power requirements of pacemakers, and can be a good solution to solve the problem of regular surgical operation. With further development, proposed device should provide enough energy to allow pacemakers autonomy, and could be good candidate for next pacemaker generation.

Abstract: Background: With the coming of the Industrial Revolution, the levels of pollution grow significantly. This Technological development contributed to the worsening of shortness breath problems in great shape. especially in infants and children. There are many shortness breath diseases that infants and children face in their lives. Shortness of breath is one of a very serious symptom in children and infants and should never be ignored. Objectives: Along these lines, the main goal of this expert system is to help physician in diagnosing and describe some common causes of shortness of breath in infants and children by diagnosing their cases through our expert system. Moreover, this system which we are presenting will give patient the appropriate diagnosis of disease and the treatment required. Methods: In this paper the strategy of the expert system for diagnosing a number of the existed shortness of breath in infants and children diseases such as (Asthma , Bronchiolitis, Viral Pneumonia, cough, Shortness of breath' dyspnea ', Epiglottitis, Croup, ABSCESS in the tonsil 'peritonsillar abscess', Bronchitis, Viral Bronchitis, Wheezing, sudden infant death syndrome 'SIDS' ) is introduced, an overview about the shortness of breath in children and infants diseases are delineated, the cause of diseases are sketched and the treatment of disease whenever conceivable is given . SL5 Object Expert System language was utilized for designing and implementing the proposed expert system. Results: The proposed shortness of breath in children and infants diseases diagnosis expert system was estimated by Medical students and they were satisfied with its result. Conclusions: The Proposed expert system is very useful for Respiratory physician, pediatrician, recently graduated physician, and for children's parents with shortness of breath problem.

Diesel Engines emit complex mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds in the form of both solid and vapour phase particles. Most of the particulates released are ultrafine nanoparticles which are detrimental to human health and can easily enter the body by respiration. The emissions standards on particulate matter release from diesel engines are constantly upgraded within the European Union and with future regulations based on the particles numbers released instead of merely mass, the need for effective aftertreatment devices will increase. Standard particulate filters in the form of wall flow filters can have problems with high soot accumulation, producing a large exhaust backpressure. A potential solution would be to combine the standard filter with a flow through filter to reduce the load on the wall flow filter. In this paper soot particle trapping has been simulated in different continuous flow filters of monolithic structure including the use of promoters, at laminar flow conditions. An Euler Lagrange model, the discrete phase model in Ansys used with user defined functions for forces acting on particles. A method to quickly screen trapping of 5 nm and 10 nm particles in different catalysts designs with tracers was also developed. Simulations of square duct monoliths with promoters show that the strength of the vortices produced are not enough to give a high amount of particle deposition on the catalyst walls. The smallest particles in the simulations, 5 and 10 nm particles were trapped to a higher extent, than larger particles up to 1000 nm, in all studied geometries with the predominant deposition mechanism being Brownian diffusion. The comparison of the different filters designed with a wall flow filter does show that the options for altering a design of a flow through filter, without imposing a too large pressure drop penalty are good. {"references": ["M.Votsmeier, T. Kreuzer, J. Gieshioff, Automobile Exhaust Control,\nUllmann-s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,\n", "Kalla http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/hd.php.", "A.M.Hochhauser, Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels, Kirk-Othmer\nEncyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 2010-01-20,\n", "M.Zhen, S. Banerjee, Diesel oxidation catalyst and particulate filter\nmodelling in active Flow configurations, Applied Thermal\nEnmgineering 29 (2009) 3021-3035.", "J.Uchisawa, A. Obuchi, A. Ohi, T. Nanba, N. Nakayama, Activity of\ncatalysts supported on heat-resistant ceramic cloth for diesel soot\noxidation, Power Technology 180 (2008) 39-44.\n[10] W.A. Majewski, Diesel Oxidation Catalyst, www. Dieselnet.com. 2009.\n[11] Schaefer-Sindlingera, I. Lappasa, C.C. Vogta, et al, Efficient material\ndesign for diesel particulate filters, Topics in Catalysis Vols. 42-43,\n2007.\n[12] L. Andreassi, S. Cordiner, V. Mulone, M. Presti, A mixed numericalexperimental\nanalysis procedure for non-blocking metal supported soot\ntrap design. SAE 2002-01-2782), 2002.\n[13] W.A. Majewski, Flow-Through Filters, www. Dieselnet. Com, 2009.\n[14] B. Andersson, R. Andersson, L. Hakansson, et al, Computational Fluid\nDynamics for Chemical Enginers, fifth edition, Gothenburg, 2009.\n[15] M. Sommerfield, B.Wan Wachem, R. Oliemans, (eds), Best Practice\nGuidelines for CFD of Dispersed Multiphase Flows\n(ERCOFTAC/SIAMUF, Goteborg, 2008).\n[16] R. Bruck, P. Hirth, M. Reizig, Metal Supported Flow-Through\nParticulate Trap; a Non-Blocking Solution, SAE 2001-01-1950, 2001."]}

Since the emergence of the virus that causes COVID-19 (the SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan in December 2019, societies all around the world have had to change their normal life patterns due to the restrictions and lockdowns imposed by governments. These changes in life patterns have a direct reflection on energy consumption. Thanks to Smart Grid technologies, specifically to the Advance Metering Infrastructure at secondary distribution network, this impact can be evaluated even at the customer level. Thus, this paper analyzes the consumption behavior and the impact that this crisis has had using Smart Meter data. The proposed approach includes the selection and normalization of features, automatic clustering, the obtaining of the estimated consumption without considering the crisis (at short and mid-terms) and the impact evaluation. The proposed approach has been tested on a case with a real Smart Meter infrastructure from Manzanilla (Huelva, Spain). The results of this use case showed that residential customers have increased their consumption around 15% during full lockdown and 7.5% during the reopening period. In contrast, globally, non-residential customers have decreased their consumption 38% during full lockdown and 14.5% during the reopening period. However, referring to non-residential customers, five different consumption profiles were found with different short-term and mid-term behaviors during the COVID crisis. The different behavior found shows customers who have maintained their normal consumption during the lockdown, others who have reduced it (to a greater or lesser extent) and have not recovered it after the removal of the restrictions, and others who have reduced the consumption but then they recovered it when the restrictions were removed. The metadata of the customers in each behavior cluster found are highly correlated to the restrictions imposed to control the spread of the virus. This study shows evidence about the proposed approach usefulness to analyze the behavior and the impact at customer level during the COVID-19 crisis.

Air pollution from the use of solid household fuels is now recognized to be a major health risk in developing countries. Accordingly, there has been some shift in development thinking and investment from previous efforts, which has focused only on improving the efficiency of household fuel use, to those that focus on reducing exposure to the air pollution that leads to health impact. Unfortunately, however, this is occurring just as the climate agenda has come to dominate much of the discourse and action on international sustainable development. Thus, instead of optimizing approaches that centrally focus on the large health impact, the household energy agenda has been hampered by the constraints imposed by a narrow definition of sustainability—one primarily driven by the desire to mitigate greenhouse emissions by relying on renewable biomass fueling so-called improved cookstoves. In reality, however, solid biomass is extremely difficult to burn sufficiently cleanly in household stoves to reach health goals. In comparison to the international development community, however, some large countries, notably Brazil historically and more recently, India have substantially expanded the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in their household energy mix, using their own resources, having a major impact on their national energy picture. The net climate impact of such approaches compared to current biomass stoves is minimal or non-existent, and the social and health benefits are, in contrast, potentially great. LPG can be seen as a transition fuel for clean household energy, with induction stoves powered by renewables as the holy grail (an approach already being adopted by Ecuador as also discussed here). The enormous human and social benefits of clean energy, rather than climate concerns, should dominate the household energy access agenda today.

Diagnosis error problem is frequent and one of the most important safety problems today. One of the main objectives of our work is to propose an ontological representation that takes into account the diagnostic criteria in order to improve the diagnostic. We choose pneumonia disease since it is one of the frequent diseases affected by diagnosis errors and have harmful effects on patients. To achieve our aim, we use a semi-automated method to integrate diverse knowledge sources that include publically available pneumonia disease guidelines from international repositories, biomedical ontologies and electronic health records. We follow the principles of the Open Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) Foundry. The resulting ontology covers symptoms and signs, all the types of pneumonia, antecedents, pathogens, and diagnostic testing. The first evaluation results show that most of the terms are covered by the ontology. This work is still in progress and represents a first and major step toward a development of a diagnosis decision support system for pneumonia.

Polymer electrolytes containing Li-ion conducting fillers are among the extensively investigated materials for the development of solid-state Li metal batteries. The practical realization of these electrolytes is, however, impeded by their low Li-ion conductivity, which is related to the filler and the interplay between the filler and the polymer. Therefore, we performed an in-depth analysis on the influence of the filler content (0, 10, and 20 wt%) and filler morphology (particles and nanowires) on the electrical and electrochemical properties of the PEO-based composite electrolyte using a wide spectrum of characterization techniques, such as 3D micro-X-ray computed tomography, cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry, impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic cycling. The studies reveal that the filler materials are well distributed within the membranes, without any indications for the formation of agglomerates. For 10 wt% filler, a decrease in the crystallinity compared to PEO was observed, in contrast to 20 wt% filler showing an increase in crystallinity. Impedance spectroscopic studies on the Li-ion conductivity of the membranes have shown that the change in the Li-ion conductivity is solely related to the change in the crystallinity, rather than to the participation of LLZO as an active transport mediator. The PEO membranes containing 10 wt% LLZO have been tested in terms of their rate capability in symmetrical Li cells by galvanostatic cycling. A critical current density of up to 1 mA cm−2 at 60°C was observed.