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  • Hong Kong Polytechnic University

  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ali Bakhshi; Maziar Jamshidi; Maziar Jamshidi; Chih-Chen Chang;

    Abstract In this paper, the characteristics of a hybrid regenerative electromagnetic (EM) damper are first determined and experimentally examined. The main idea is to have two modes of operation for the EM damper, namely passive energy harvesting and semi-active modes. In the passive mode, the vibrational energy of an underlying structure is harvested and stored in a rechargeable battery. The harvested energy can then be employed in the semi-active control mode to supply the power demand for the required sensors and microcontroller. This hybrid damper would thus be capable of realizing the characteristics of a self-powered EM damper. A prototype of the damper was designed and tested under different harmonic excitations. The mechanical and electrical characteristics of both passive and semi-active modes were investigated and verified. The average harvested power and current were measured, and the efficiency of the different elements of the damper is determined. Next, for tuning the semi-active mode, a sliding mode control algorithm was proposed which considers the inherent nonlinear parasitic force of the EM damper. The proposed algorithm aims to track the response of an optimally controlled structure, by having knowledge of the bound of the nonlinear parasitic force. Finally, the effects of the proposed damper and sliding mode controller for vibration mitigation of a small-scale structure is demonstrated through a series of shake table tests, under harmonic and random excitations.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Sound and...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Sound and Vibration
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Sound and...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Sound and Vibration
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ali Bakhshi; Maziar Jamshidi; Maziar Jamshidi; Chih-Chen Chang;

    Abstract In this paper, the characteristics of a hybrid regenerative electromagnetic (EM) damper are first determined and experimentally examined. The main idea is to have two modes of operation for the EM damper, namely passive energy harvesting and semi-active modes. In the passive mode, the vibrational energy of an underlying structure is harvested and stored in a rechargeable battery. The harvested energy can then be employed in the semi-active control mode to supply the power demand for the required sensors and microcontroller. This hybrid damper would thus be capable of realizing the characteristics of a self-powered EM damper. A prototype of the damper was designed and tested under different harmonic excitations. The mechanical and electrical characteristics of both passive and semi-active modes were investigated and verified. The average harvested power and current were measured, and the efficiency of the different elements of the damper is determined. Next, for tuning the semi-active mode, a sliding mode control algorithm was proposed which considers the inherent nonlinear parasitic force of the EM damper. The proposed algorithm aims to track the response of an optimally controlled structure, by having knowledge of the bound of the nonlinear parasitic force. Finally, the effects of the proposed damper and sliding mode controller for vibration mitigation of a small-scale structure is demonstrated through a series of shake table tests, under harmonic and random excitations.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Sound and...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Sound and Vibration
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Sound and...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Sound and Vibration
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Huang, Xiaodong; Lu, Guoxing; Yu, Tong Xi;

    Abstract The present paper investigates the axial splitting and curling behaviour of circular metal tubes. Mild steel and aluminum circular tubes were pressed axially onto a series of conical dies each with different semi-angle. By pre-cutting eight 5 mm slits which were distributed evenly at the lower end of each tube, the tube split axially and the strips curled outward. Experiments showed that this mechanism results in a long stroke and a steady load. An approximate analysis is presented which successfully predicts the number of propagated cracks, the curling radius and the force applied. This analysis takes into account ductile tearing of the cracks, plastic bending/stretching and friction. Effects of tube dimensions, semi-angle of the die and friction are discussed in detail.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao International Journa...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    International Journal of Mechanical Sciences
    Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    102
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Huang, Xiaodong; Lu, Guoxing; Yu, Tong Xi;

    Abstract The present paper investigates the axial splitting and curling behaviour of circular metal tubes. Mild steel and aluminum circular tubes were pressed axially onto a series of conical dies each with different semi-angle. By pre-cutting eight 5 mm slits which were distributed evenly at the lower end of each tube, the tube split axially and the strips curled outward. Experiments showed that this mechanism results in a long stroke and a steady load. An approximate analysis is presented which successfully predicts the number of propagated cracks, the curling radius and the force applied. This analysis takes into account ductile tearing of the cracks, plastic bending/stretching and friction. Effects of tube dimensions, semi-angle of the die and friction are discussed in detail.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao International Journa...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    International Journal of Mechanical Sciences
    Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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    102
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Michael C.H. Yam; Shuizhou Ke; Ke Ke; Ke Ke;

    Abstract The primary objective of this research is to extend energy balance concept in seismic behavior evaluation of low-to-medium rise frame systems with energy dissipation fuses dominated by racking deformations. At its core, energy demand indices under ground motions considering both peak responses and cumulative responses are quantified to develop a dual-energy-demand-indices-based procedure for damage-control behavior evaluation. Firstly, based on the experimentally validated hysteretic feature and representative ground motion ensembles, a parametric study is conducted considering the demand indices of the energy factor and the cumulative ductility. Results of the indices distribution and dispersion are presented in detail. Subsequently, a stepwise procedure that accounts for the peak demand and the cumulative demand is constructed. Then, the procedure is applied in prototype structures for validation. Results indicate that the consideration of dual energy demand indices is necessary for evaluation of systems with fuses, and these indices are influenced by structural nonlinear parameters and ground motions properties. The procedure based on the dual energy demand indices can be used to evaluate the structural damage-control behavior with satisfactory accuracy considering the peak response, the cumulative response, and the energy distribution along stories.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hong Kong Polytechni...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
    Article
    License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hong Kong Polytechni...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
      Article
      License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Michael C.H. Yam; Shuizhou Ke; Ke Ke; Ke Ke;

    Abstract The primary objective of this research is to extend energy balance concept in seismic behavior evaluation of low-to-medium rise frame systems with energy dissipation fuses dominated by racking deformations. At its core, energy demand indices under ground motions considering both peak responses and cumulative responses are quantified to develop a dual-energy-demand-indices-based procedure for damage-control behavior evaluation. Firstly, based on the experimentally validated hysteretic feature and representative ground motion ensembles, a parametric study is conducted considering the demand indices of the energy factor and the cumulative ductility. Results of the indices distribution and dispersion are presented in detail. Subsequently, a stepwise procedure that accounts for the peak demand and the cumulative demand is constructed. Then, the procedure is applied in prototype structures for validation. Results indicate that the consideration of dual energy demand indices is necessary for evaluation of systems with fuses, and these indices are influenced by structural nonlinear parameters and ground motions properties. The procedure based on the dual energy demand indices can be used to evaluate the structural damage-control behavior with satisfactory accuracy considering the peak response, the cumulative response, and the energy distribution along stories.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hong Kong Polytechni...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
    Article
    License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hong Kong Polytechni...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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      License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Zhu, S; Shen, WA; Xu, YL;

    Abstract Over the past decades, the research on structural vibration control has mainly focused on ‘energy dissipation’ strategy using various dampers for hazard mitigation. This paper proposes a novel application of linear motion electromagnetic (EM) devices, termed linear EM dampers hereinafter, for both vibration damping and energy harvesting. The kinetic energy caused by earthquakes, wind or traffic loads is not only dissipated by EM dampers, but also stored by energy-harvesting electric circuits connected to EM dampers. The green and regenerative energy output may provide an alternative power supply to portable and wireless devices at remote sites. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of linear EM dampers connected with four representative circuits. The dynamic characteristics of linear EM dampers, including parasitic damping, EM damping, energy conversion efficiency and output power, are modeled and discussed systematically in each case. The modeling is further verified by a series of dynamic testing of a small-scale linear EM damper, which is cyclically tested on a MTS machine at different frequencies and amplitudes. A good match between the modeling and testing results clearly demonstrates that the described model can predict the performance of the linear EM damper and energy harvesting circuit very well. The promises and challenges of using EM dampers in future civil infrastructure for both vibration damping and energy harvesting are discussed based on the outcome of this study.

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  • Authors: Zhu, S; Shen, WA; Xu, YL;

    Abstract Over the past decades, the research on structural vibration control has mainly focused on ‘energy dissipation’ strategy using various dampers for hazard mitigation. This paper proposes a novel application of linear motion electromagnetic (EM) devices, termed linear EM dampers hereinafter, for both vibration damping and energy harvesting. The kinetic energy caused by earthquakes, wind or traffic loads is not only dissipated by EM dampers, but also stored by energy-harvesting electric circuits connected to EM dampers. The green and regenerative energy output may provide an alternative power supply to portable and wireless devices at remote sites. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of linear EM dampers connected with four representative circuits. The dynamic characteristics of linear EM dampers, including parasitic damping, EM damping, energy conversion efficiency and output power, are modeled and discussed systematically in each case. The modeling is further verified by a series of dynamic testing of a small-scale linear EM damper, which is cyclically tested on a MTS machine at different frequencies and amplitudes. A good match between the modeling and testing results clearly demonstrates that the described model can predict the performance of the linear EM damper and energy harvesting circuit very well. The promises and challenges of using EM dampers in future civil infrastructure for both vibration damping and energy harvesting are discussed based on the outcome of this study.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ke Ke; Ke Ke; Qingyang Zhao; Qingyang Zhao; +2 Authors

    Abstract This paper presents the energy factor of trilinear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems representing low-to-medium rise damage-control buildings equipped with energy dissipation fuses under near-fault earthquake ground motions, and the focus is given to the ultimate stage of the systems. The hysteretic behaviour of a damage-control building structure with energy dissipation fuses is firstly idealised by the trilinear kinematic model, and the rationality of the trilinear idealisation is validated by the test result of a representative damage-control structure. Subsequently, the hysteretic law is assigned to SDOF systems and the seismic demand of the systems quantified by the energy factor is examined through extensive nonlinear dynamic analyses with an ensemble of near-fault earthquake ground motions as input excitations. Based on the statistical investigations of more than twenty-one (21) million inelastic spectral analyses of SDOF systems subjected to ground motions, the effect of the post-yielding stiffness ratios and the corresponding inelastic deformation range of the multiple yielding stages on the energy factor of the trilinear SDOF systems are examined in detail, and the corresponding empirical expressions for quantifying the energy factor demand are also developed. The observations of this work show that the energy factor of trilinear SDOF systems subjected to near-fault earthquake ground motions is appreciably influenced by the hysteretic parameters in multiple yielding stages, and engineers have sufficient flexibility to modulate the seismic energy balance of the system by adjusting these influential parameters. The proposed empirical expressions offer a practical tool for estimating the energy factor of a low-to-medium rise damage-control buildings equipped with energy dissipation fuses subjected to near-fault ground motions in the preliminary design phase.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hong Kong Polytechni...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ke Ke; Ke Ke; Qingyang Zhao; Qingyang Zhao; +2 Authors

    Abstract This paper presents the energy factor of trilinear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems representing low-to-medium rise damage-control buildings equipped with energy dissipation fuses under near-fault earthquake ground motions, and the focus is given to the ultimate stage of the systems. The hysteretic behaviour of a damage-control building structure with energy dissipation fuses is firstly idealised by the trilinear kinematic model, and the rationality of the trilinear idealisation is validated by the test result of a representative damage-control structure. Subsequently, the hysteretic law is assigned to SDOF systems and the seismic demand of the systems quantified by the energy factor is examined through extensive nonlinear dynamic analyses with an ensemble of near-fault earthquake ground motions as input excitations. Based on the statistical investigations of more than twenty-one (21) million inelastic spectral analyses of SDOF systems subjected to ground motions, the effect of the post-yielding stiffness ratios and the corresponding inelastic deformation range of the multiple yielding stages on the energy factor of the trilinear SDOF systems are examined in detail, and the corresponding empirical expressions for quantifying the energy factor demand are also developed. The observations of this work show that the energy factor of trilinear SDOF systems subjected to near-fault earthquake ground motions is appreciably influenced by the hysteretic parameters in multiple yielding stages, and engineers have sufficient flexibility to modulate the seismic energy balance of the system by adjusting these influential parameters. The proposed empirical expressions offer a practical tool for estimating the energy factor of a low-to-medium rise damage-control buildings equipped with energy dissipation fuses subjected to near-fault ground motions in the preliminary design phase.

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    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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    Authors: Sun, S; Wang, T; Yang, H; Chu, F;

    Abstract Wind turbine blades are critical components in wind energy generation, and blade health management is a challenging issue for the operation and maintenance of wind turbines. In this paper, an adaptive method is developed to identify blade damages based on the microphone array and compressive beamforming, and global and remote health assessment can be accomplished. In this method, the generalized minimax-concave penalty function is employed to enhance sparse recovery capacities, and step-sizes in computation processes are adjusted adaptively to adapt to variational conditions. Besides, potential damage locations are extracted in coarse acoustic maps to improve convergence rates. Numerical simulations show that high spatial resolutions can be achieved by the proposed method, and the computation time for solving acoustic inverse problems is less than using existing algorithms, especially with low-frequency sources. Moreover, experiments are conducted with a small-scale wind turbine. Results demonstrate that several damages in operating blades can be precisely recognized with high efficiencies, and the deterioration of acoustic maps induced by improper step-sizes can be avoided. The proposed method provides a promising way for in-situ health monitoring of wind turbine blades.

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    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Renewable Energy
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    Authors: Sun, S; Wang, T; Yang, H; Chu, F;

    Abstract Wind turbine blades are critical components in wind energy generation, and blade health management is a challenging issue for the operation and maintenance of wind turbines. In this paper, an adaptive method is developed to identify blade damages based on the microphone array and compressive beamforming, and global and remote health assessment can be accomplished. In this method, the generalized minimax-concave penalty function is employed to enhance sparse recovery capacities, and step-sizes in computation processes are adjusted adaptively to adapt to variational conditions. Besides, potential damage locations are extracted in coarse acoustic maps to improve convergence rates. Numerical simulations show that high spatial resolutions can be achieved by the proposed method, and the computation time for solving acoustic inverse problems is less than using existing algorithms, especially with low-frequency sources. Moreover, experiments are conducted with a small-scale wind turbine. Results demonstrate that several damages in operating blades can be precisely recognized with high efficiencies, and the deterioration of acoustic maps induced by improper step-sizes can be avoided. The proposed method provides a promising way for in-situ health monitoring of wind turbine blades.

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    Renewable Energy
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      Renewable Energy
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    Authors: Ke Ke; Ke Ke; Michael C.H. Yam;

    Abstract A noteworthy feature of the hybrid steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) with energy dissipation bays (EDBs) is the damage-control behaviour characterised by concentration of plastic damages in the energy dissipation bay (EDB) under earthquakes. This paper presents a design methodology for conducting the damage-control design of hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs. First, the structural damage-control behaviour quantified by the classical bilinear kinematic hysteretic model with significant post-yielding stiffness ratio is clarified utilising the test results extracted from a large-scale quasi-static test programme. Then, based on the seismic energy balance of single-degree-of-freedom systems incorporating significant post-yielding stiffness ratios, the design philosophy and governing energy balance equations featuring the damage-control behaviour of low-to-medium rise hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs under earthquake ground motions are presented. Subsequently, a stepwise design procedure that can be used to search for a design strategy of a hybrid steel MRF with EDBs under expected ground motions is developed. Three low-to-medium rise prototype structures are designed by the proposed methodology, and the seismic responses of the systems are evaluated by pushover analyses and nonlinear response history analyses based on numerical models validated by the test results. The results indicate that all the prototype hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs can achieve the damage-control behaviour with the prescribed drift threshold, and hence the post-earthquake residual deformations are also mitigated. Since the proposed method is a direct-iterative design procedure, it also retains practical attractiveness and will facilitate the seismic design of hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs.

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    Journal of Constructional Steel Research
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Constructional Steel Research
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ke Ke; Ke Ke; Michael C.H. Yam;

    Abstract A noteworthy feature of the hybrid steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) with energy dissipation bays (EDBs) is the damage-control behaviour characterised by concentration of plastic damages in the energy dissipation bay (EDB) under earthquakes. This paper presents a design methodology for conducting the damage-control design of hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs. First, the structural damage-control behaviour quantified by the classical bilinear kinematic hysteretic model with significant post-yielding stiffness ratio is clarified utilising the test results extracted from a large-scale quasi-static test programme. Then, based on the seismic energy balance of single-degree-of-freedom systems incorporating significant post-yielding stiffness ratios, the design philosophy and governing energy balance equations featuring the damage-control behaviour of low-to-medium rise hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs under earthquake ground motions are presented. Subsequently, a stepwise design procedure that can be used to search for a design strategy of a hybrid steel MRF with EDBs under expected ground motions is developed. Three low-to-medium rise prototype structures are designed by the proposed methodology, and the seismic responses of the systems are evaluated by pushover analyses and nonlinear response history analyses based on numerical models validated by the test results. The results indicate that all the prototype hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs can achieve the damage-control behaviour with the prescribed drift threshold, and hence the post-earthquake residual deformations are also mitigated. Since the proposed method is a direct-iterative design procedure, it also retains practical attractiveness and will facilitate the seismic design of hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs.

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    Journal of Constructional Steel Research
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Constructional Steel Research
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    Authors: Peter G. Hubbard; James Xu; Shenghan Zhang; Matthew Dejong; +8 Authors

    AbstractMaintenance of wind turbine towers is currently a manual process that requires visual inspection and bolt tightening yearly. This process is costly to energy companies and its necessity is not well-defined. In this study, two Rayleigh-based distributed fiber optic sensing technologies are evaluated and compared for their ability to monitor the dynamic structural behavior of a model wind turbine tower subject to free and forced vibration. They are further tested for their ability to detect structural phenomena associated with loose bolts and material damage within the tower. The two technologies examined are optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and phase-based optical time domain reflectometry ($$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR), which is a technology used in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). OFDR is a tested and proven strain measurement technology commonly used for structural health monitoring but can only make strain measurements over short distances (10 s of meters). OFDR was used to validate the measurements made with $$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR which can measure over much longer distances (several kilometers). Due to its sensing distance capability, $$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR is a promising technology for monitoring many wind turbines networked together with a single fiber optic cable. This study presents a first-of-its-kind use of $$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR for structural health monitoring to demonstrate its capabilities.

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    Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Open Access Repository
    Article . 2021
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      Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Open Access Repository
      Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Peter G. Hubbard; James Xu; Shenghan Zhang; Matthew Dejong; +8 Authors

    AbstractMaintenance of wind turbine towers is currently a manual process that requires visual inspection and bolt tightening yearly. This process is costly to energy companies and its necessity is not well-defined. In this study, two Rayleigh-based distributed fiber optic sensing technologies are evaluated and compared for their ability to monitor the dynamic structural behavior of a model wind turbine tower subject to free and forced vibration. They are further tested for their ability to detect structural phenomena associated with loose bolts and material damage within the tower. The two technologies examined are optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and phase-based optical time domain reflectometry ($$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR), which is a technology used in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). OFDR is a tested and proven strain measurement technology commonly used for structural health monitoring but can only make strain measurements over short distances (10 s of meters). OFDR was used to validate the measurements made with $$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR which can measure over much longer distances (several kilometers). Due to its sensing distance capability, $$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR is a promising technology for monitoring many wind turbines networked together with a single fiber optic cable. This study presents a first-of-its-kind use of $$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR for structural health monitoring to demonstrate its capabilities.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ University of Califo...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Open Access Repository
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Access Routes
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Open Access Repository
      Article . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • Authors: Deming Zhu; Yaohan Li; You Dong;

    This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis framework, combining three-dimensional (3D) numerical modelling and metamodeling, to investigate the probabilistic performance of retrofit actions on co...

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  • Authors: Deming Zhu; Yaohan Li; You Dong;

    This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis framework, combining three-dimensional (3D) numerical modelling and metamodeling, to investigate the probabilistic performance of retrofit actions on co...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Yanfei Xiang; Liming Yang; Tongxi Yu; Tongxi Yu;

    Abstract With the excellent energy absorption of tubular structures, the axial crushing behavior of tubes of various section shapes has been extensively investigated, while multi-cell tubes and honeycombs structures have been designed to further improve their energy absorption performance. However, there is lack of unified criterion to appropriately evaluate the energy absorption capacity of tubular structures. In this paper, a carefully designed set of key performance indicators (KPIs) is utilized to assess and compare the energy absorbing performance of polygonal tubes, multi-cell tubes and honeycombs. A series of diagrams related to the KPIs with non-dimensional parameters of various tubes are presented to demonstrate the influence of sectional configuration on the performance of polygonal tubes, as well as the effect of the cell number on that of multi-cell tubes and the effect of the cell package on that of honeycombs. The work is valuable to engineering designs and applications, as well as to the further studies of energy absorbers of other configurations.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Materials & Desi...arrow_drop_down
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    Materials & Design
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Materials & Desi...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Materials & Design
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Yanfei Xiang; Liming Yang; Tongxi Yu; Tongxi Yu;

    Abstract With the excellent energy absorption of tubular structures, the axial crushing behavior of tubes of various section shapes has been extensively investigated, while multi-cell tubes and honeycombs structures have been designed to further improve their energy absorption performance. However, there is lack of unified criterion to appropriately evaluate the energy absorption capacity of tubular structures. In this paper, a carefully designed set of key performance indicators (KPIs) is utilized to assess and compare the energy absorbing performance of polygonal tubes, multi-cell tubes and honeycombs. A series of diagrams related to the KPIs with non-dimensional parameters of various tubes are presented to demonstrate the influence of sectional configuration on the performance of polygonal tubes, as well as the effect of the cell number on that of multi-cell tubes and the effect of the cell package on that of honeycombs. The work is valuable to engineering designs and applications, as well as to the further studies of energy absorbers of other configurations.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Materials & Desi...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Materials & Design
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Materials & Desi...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Materials & Design
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ali Bakhshi; Maziar Jamshidi; Maziar Jamshidi; Chih-Chen Chang;

    Abstract In this paper, the characteristics of a hybrid regenerative electromagnetic (EM) damper are first determined and experimentally examined. The main idea is to have two modes of operation for the EM damper, namely passive energy harvesting and semi-active modes. In the passive mode, the vibrational energy of an underlying structure is harvested and stored in a rechargeable battery. The harvested energy can then be employed in the semi-active control mode to supply the power demand for the required sensors and microcontroller. This hybrid damper would thus be capable of realizing the characteristics of a self-powered EM damper. A prototype of the damper was designed and tested under different harmonic excitations. The mechanical and electrical characteristics of both passive and semi-active modes were investigated and verified. The average harvested power and current were measured, and the efficiency of the different elements of the damper is determined. Next, for tuning the semi-active mode, a sliding mode control algorithm was proposed which considers the inherent nonlinear parasitic force of the EM damper. The proposed algorithm aims to track the response of an optimally controlled structure, by having knowledge of the bound of the nonlinear parasitic force. Finally, the effects of the proposed damper and sliding mode controller for vibration mitigation of a small-scale structure is demonstrated through a series of shake table tests, under harmonic and random excitations.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Sound and...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Sound and Vibration
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Sound and...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Sound and Vibration
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ali Bakhshi; Maziar Jamshidi; Maziar Jamshidi; Chih-Chen Chang;

    Abstract In this paper, the characteristics of a hybrid regenerative electromagnetic (EM) damper are first determined and experimentally examined. The main idea is to have two modes of operation for the EM damper, namely passive energy harvesting and semi-active modes. In the passive mode, the vibrational energy of an underlying structure is harvested and stored in a rechargeable battery. The harvested energy can then be employed in the semi-active control mode to supply the power demand for the required sensors and microcontroller. This hybrid damper would thus be capable of realizing the characteristics of a self-powered EM damper. A prototype of the damper was designed and tested under different harmonic excitations. The mechanical and electrical characteristics of both passive and semi-active modes were investigated and verified. The average harvested power and current were measured, and the efficiency of the different elements of the damper is determined. Next, for tuning the semi-active mode, a sliding mode control algorithm was proposed which considers the inherent nonlinear parasitic force of the EM damper. The proposed algorithm aims to track the response of an optimally controlled structure, by having knowledge of the bound of the nonlinear parasitic force. Finally, the effects of the proposed damper and sliding mode controller for vibration mitigation of a small-scale structure is demonstrated through a series of shake table tests, under harmonic and random excitations.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Sound and...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Sound and Vibration
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Sound and...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Sound and Vibration
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Huang, Xiaodong; Lu, Guoxing; Yu, Tong Xi;

    Abstract The present paper investigates the axial splitting and curling behaviour of circular metal tubes. Mild steel and aluminum circular tubes were pressed axially onto a series of conical dies each with different semi-angle. By pre-cutting eight 5 mm slits which were distributed evenly at the lower end of each tube, the tube split axially and the strips curled outward. Experiments showed that this mechanism results in a long stroke and a steady load. An approximate analysis is presented which successfully predicts the number of propagated cracks, the curling radius and the force applied. This analysis takes into account ductile tearing of the cracks, plastic bending/stretching and friction. Effects of tube dimensions, semi-angle of the die and friction are discussed in detail.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao International Journa...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    International Journal of Mechanical Sciences
    Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Huang, Xiaodong; Lu, Guoxing; Yu, Tong Xi;

    Abstract The present paper investigates the axial splitting and curling behaviour of circular metal tubes. Mild steel and aluminum circular tubes were pressed axially onto a series of conical dies each with different semi-angle. By pre-cutting eight 5 mm slits which were distributed evenly at the lower end of each tube, the tube split axially and the strips curled outward. Experiments showed that this mechanism results in a long stroke and a steady load. An approximate analysis is presented which successfully predicts the number of propagated cracks, the curling radius and the force applied. This analysis takes into account ductile tearing of the cracks, plastic bending/stretching and friction. Effects of tube dimensions, semi-angle of the die and friction are discussed in detail.

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    International Journal of Mechanical Sciences
    Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Michael C.H. Yam; Shuizhou Ke; Ke Ke; Ke Ke;

    Abstract The primary objective of this research is to extend energy balance concept in seismic behavior evaluation of low-to-medium rise frame systems with energy dissipation fuses dominated by racking deformations. At its core, energy demand indices under ground motions considering both peak responses and cumulative responses are quantified to develop a dual-energy-demand-indices-based procedure for damage-control behavior evaluation. Firstly, based on the experimentally validated hysteretic feature and representative ground motion ensembles, a parametric study is conducted considering the demand indices of the energy factor and the cumulative ductility. Results of the indices distribution and dispersion are presented in detail. Subsequently, a stepwise procedure that accounts for the peak demand and the cumulative demand is constructed. Then, the procedure is applied in prototype structures for validation. Results indicate that the consideration of dual energy demand indices is necessary for evaluation of systems with fuses, and these indices are influenced by structural nonlinear parameters and ground motions properties. The procedure based on the dual energy demand indices can be used to evaluate the structural damage-control behavior with satisfactory accuracy considering the peak response, the cumulative response, and the energy distribution along stories.

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    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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      Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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      Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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    Authors: Michael C.H. Yam; Shuizhou Ke; Ke Ke; Ke Ke;

    Abstract The primary objective of this research is to extend energy balance concept in seismic behavior evaluation of low-to-medium rise frame systems with energy dissipation fuses dominated by racking deformations. At its core, energy demand indices under ground motions considering both peak responses and cumulative responses are quantified to develop a dual-energy-demand-indices-based procedure for damage-control behavior evaluation. Firstly, based on the experimentally validated hysteretic feature and representative ground motion ensembles, a parametric study is conducted considering the demand indices of the energy factor and the cumulative ductility. Results of the indices distribution and dispersion are presented in detail. Subsequently, a stepwise procedure that accounts for the peak demand and the cumulative demand is constructed. Then, the procedure is applied in prototype structures for validation. Results indicate that the consideration of dual energy demand indices is necessary for evaluation of systems with fuses, and these indices are influenced by structural nonlinear parameters and ground motions properties. The procedure based on the dual energy demand indices can be used to evaluate the structural damage-control behavior with satisfactory accuracy considering the peak response, the cumulative response, and the energy distribution along stories.

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    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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      Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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  • Authors: Zhu, S; Shen, WA; Xu, YL;

    Abstract Over the past decades, the research on structural vibration control has mainly focused on ‘energy dissipation’ strategy using various dampers for hazard mitigation. This paper proposes a novel application of linear motion electromagnetic (EM) devices, termed linear EM dampers hereinafter, for both vibration damping and energy harvesting. The kinetic energy caused by earthquakes, wind or traffic loads is not only dissipated by EM dampers, but also stored by energy-harvesting electric circuits connected to EM dampers. The green and regenerative energy output may provide an alternative power supply to portable and wireless devices at remote sites. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of linear EM dampers connected with four representative circuits. The dynamic characteristics of linear EM dampers, including parasitic damping, EM damping, energy conversion efficiency and output power, are modeled and discussed systematically in each case. The modeling is further verified by a series of dynamic testing of a small-scale linear EM damper, which is cyclically tested on a MTS machine at different frequencies and amplitudes. A good match between the modeling and testing results clearly demonstrates that the described model can predict the performance of the linear EM damper and energy harvesting circuit very well. The promises and challenges of using EM dampers in future civil infrastructure for both vibration damping and energy harvesting are discussed based on the outcome of this study.

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  • Authors: Zhu, S; Shen, WA; Xu, YL;

    Abstract Over the past decades, the research on structural vibration control has mainly focused on ‘energy dissipation’ strategy using various dampers for hazard mitigation. This paper proposes a novel application of linear motion electromagnetic (EM) devices, termed linear EM dampers hereinafter, for both vibration damping and energy harvesting. The kinetic energy caused by earthquakes, wind or traffic loads is not only dissipated by EM dampers, but also stored by energy-harvesting electric circuits connected to EM dampers. The green and regenerative energy output may provide an alternative power supply to portable and wireless devices at remote sites. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of linear EM dampers connected with four representative circuits. The dynamic characteristics of linear EM dampers, including parasitic damping, EM damping, energy conversion efficiency and output power, are modeled and discussed systematically in each case. The modeling is further verified by a series of dynamic testing of a small-scale linear EM damper, which is cyclically tested on a MTS machine at different frequencies and amplitudes. A good match between the modeling and testing results clearly demonstrates that the described model can predict the performance of the linear EM damper and energy harvesting circuit very well. The promises and challenges of using EM dampers in future civil infrastructure for both vibration damping and energy harvesting are discussed based on the outcome of this study.

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    Authors: Ke Ke; Ke Ke; Qingyang Zhao; Qingyang Zhao; +2 Authors

    Abstract This paper presents the energy factor of trilinear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems representing low-to-medium rise damage-control buildings equipped with energy dissipation fuses under near-fault earthquake ground motions, and the focus is given to the ultimate stage of the systems. The hysteretic behaviour of a damage-control building structure with energy dissipation fuses is firstly idealised by the trilinear kinematic model, and the rationality of the trilinear idealisation is validated by the test result of a representative damage-control structure. Subsequently, the hysteretic law is assigned to SDOF systems and the seismic demand of the systems quantified by the energy factor is examined through extensive nonlinear dynamic analyses with an ensemble of near-fault earthquake ground motions as input excitations. Based on the statistical investigations of more than twenty-one (21) million inelastic spectral analyses of SDOF systems subjected to ground motions, the effect of the post-yielding stiffness ratios and the corresponding inelastic deformation range of the multiple yielding stages on the energy factor of the trilinear SDOF systems are examined in detail, and the corresponding empirical expressions for quantifying the energy factor demand are also developed. The observations of this work show that the energy factor of trilinear SDOF systems subjected to near-fault earthquake ground motions is appreciably influenced by the hysteretic parameters in multiple yielding stages, and engineers have sufficient flexibility to modulate the seismic energy balance of the system by adjusting these influential parameters. The proposed empirical expressions offer a practical tool for estimating the energy factor of a low-to-medium rise damage-control buildings equipped with energy dissipation fuses subjected to near-fault ground motions in the preliminary design phase.

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    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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      Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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    Authors: Ke Ke; Ke Ke; Qingyang Zhao; Qingyang Zhao; +2 Authors

    Abstract This paper presents the energy factor of trilinear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems representing low-to-medium rise damage-control buildings equipped with energy dissipation fuses under near-fault earthquake ground motions, and the focus is given to the ultimate stage of the systems. The hysteretic behaviour of a damage-control building structure with energy dissipation fuses is firstly idealised by the trilinear kinematic model, and the rationality of the trilinear idealisation is validated by the test result of a representative damage-control structure. Subsequently, the hysteretic law is assigned to SDOF systems and the seismic demand of the systems quantified by the energy factor is examined through extensive nonlinear dynamic analyses with an ensemble of near-fault earthquake ground motions as input excitations. Based on the statistical investigations of more than twenty-one (21) million inelastic spectral analyses of SDOF systems subjected to ground motions, the effect of the post-yielding stiffness ratios and the corresponding inelastic deformation range of the multiple yielding stages on the energy factor of the trilinear SDOF systems are examined in detail, and the corresponding empirical expressions for quantifying the energy factor demand are also developed. The observations of this work show that the energy factor of trilinear SDOF systems subjected to near-fault earthquake ground motions is appreciably influenced by the hysteretic parameters in multiple yielding stages, and engineers have sufficient flexibility to modulate the seismic energy balance of the system by adjusting these influential parameters. The proposed empirical expressions offer a practical tool for estimating the energy factor of a low-to-medium rise damage-control buildings equipped with energy dissipation fuses subjected to near-fault ground motions in the preliminary design phase.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hong Kong Polytechni...arrow_drop_down
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    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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    Authors: Sun, S; Wang, T; Yang, H; Chu, F;

    Abstract Wind turbine blades are critical components in wind energy generation, and blade health management is a challenging issue for the operation and maintenance of wind turbines. In this paper, an adaptive method is developed to identify blade damages based on the microphone array and compressive beamforming, and global and remote health assessment can be accomplished. In this method, the generalized minimax-concave penalty function is employed to enhance sparse recovery capacities, and step-sizes in computation processes are adjusted adaptively to adapt to variational conditions. Besides, potential damage locations are extracted in coarse acoustic maps to improve convergence rates. Numerical simulations show that high spatial resolutions can be achieved by the proposed method, and the computation time for solving acoustic inverse problems is less than using existing algorithms, especially with low-frequency sources. Moreover, experiments are conducted with a small-scale wind turbine. Results demonstrate that several damages in operating blades can be precisely recognized with high efficiencies, and the deterioration of acoustic maps induced by improper step-sizes can be avoided. The proposed method provides a promising way for in-situ health monitoring of wind turbine blades.

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    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Renewable Energy
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Sun, S; Wang, T; Yang, H; Chu, F;

    Abstract Wind turbine blades are critical components in wind energy generation, and blade health management is a challenging issue for the operation and maintenance of wind turbines. In this paper, an adaptive method is developed to identify blade damages based on the microphone array and compressive beamforming, and global and remote health assessment can be accomplished. In this method, the generalized minimax-concave penalty function is employed to enhance sparse recovery capacities, and step-sizes in computation processes are adjusted adaptively to adapt to variational conditions. Besides, potential damage locations are extracted in coarse acoustic maps to improve convergence rates. Numerical simulations show that high spatial resolutions can be achieved by the proposed method, and the computation time for solving acoustic inverse problems is less than using existing algorithms, especially with low-frequency sources. Moreover, experiments are conducted with a small-scale wind turbine. Results demonstrate that several damages in operating blades can be precisely recognized with high efficiencies, and the deterioration of acoustic maps induced by improper step-sizes can be avoided. The proposed method provides a promising way for in-situ health monitoring of wind turbine blades.

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    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Renewable Energy
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    Authors: Ke Ke; Ke Ke; Michael C.H. Yam;

    Abstract A noteworthy feature of the hybrid steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) with energy dissipation bays (EDBs) is the damage-control behaviour characterised by concentration of plastic damages in the energy dissipation bay (EDB) under earthquakes. This paper presents a design methodology for conducting the damage-control design of hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs. First, the structural damage-control behaviour quantified by the classical bilinear kinematic hysteretic model with significant post-yielding stiffness ratio is clarified utilising the test results extracted from a large-scale quasi-static test programme. Then, based on the seismic energy balance of single-degree-of-freedom systems incorporating significant post-yielding stiffness ratios, the design philosophy and governing energy balance equations featuring the damage-control behaviour of low-to-medium rise hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs under earthquake ground motions are presented. Subsequently, a stepwise design procedure that can be used to search for a design strategy of a hybrid steel MRF with EDBs under expected ground motions is developed. Three low-to-medium rise prototype structures are designed by the proposed methodology, and the seismic responses of the systems are evaluated by pushover analyses and nonlinear response history analyses based on numerical models validated by the test results. The results indicate that all the prototype hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs can achieve the damage-control behaviour with the prescribed drift threshold, and hence the post-earthquake residual deformations are also mitigated. Since the proposed method is a direct-iterative design procedure, it also retains practical attractiveness and will facilitate the seismic design of hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs.

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    Journal of Constructional Steel Research
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Constructional Steel Research
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ke Ke; Ke Ke; Michael C.H. Yam;

    Abstract A noteworthy feature of the hybrid steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) with energy dissipation bays (EDBs) is the damage-control behaviour characterised by concentration of plastic damages in the energy dissipation bay (EDB) under earthquakes. This paper presents a design methodology for conducting the damage-control design of hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs. First, the structural damage-control behaviour quantified by the classical bilinear kinematic hysteretic model with significant post-yielding stiffness ratio is clarified utilising the test results extracted from a large-scale quasi-static test programme. Then, based on the seismic energy balance of single-degree-of-freedom systems incorporating significant post-yielding stiffness ratios, the design philosophy and governing energy balance equations featuring the damage-control behaviour of low-to-medium rise hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs under earthquake ground motions are presented. Subsequently, a stepwise design procedure that can be used to search for a design strategy of a hybrid steel MRF with EDBs under expected ground motions is developed. Three low-to-medium rise prototype structures are designed by the proposed methodology, and the seismic responses of the systems are evaluated by pushover analyses and nonlinear response history analyses based on numerical models validated by the test results. The results indicate that all the prototype hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs can achieve the damage-control behaviour with the prescribed drift threshold, and hence the post-earthquake residual deformations are also mitigated. Since the proposed method is a direct-iterative design procedure, it also retains practical attractiveness and will facilitate the seismic design of hybrid steel MRFs with EDBs.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hong Kong Polytechni...arrow_drop_down
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    Journal of Constructional Steel Research
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      Journal of Constructional Steel Research
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    Authors: Peter G. Hubbard; James Xu; Shenghan Zhang; Matthew Dejong; +8 Authors

    AbstractMaintenance of wind turbine towers is currently a manual process that requires visual inspection and bolt tightening yearly. This process is costly to energy companies and its necessity is not well-defined. In this study, two Rayleigh-based distributed fiber optic sensing technologies are evaluated and compared for their ability to monitor the dynamic structural behavior of a model wind turbine tower subject to free and forced vibration. They are further tested for their ability to detect structural phenomena associated with loose bolts and material damage within the tower. The two technologies examined are optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and phase-based optical time domain reflectometry ($$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR), which is a technology used in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). OFDR is a tested and proven strain measurement technology commonly used for structural health monitoring but can only make strain measurements over short distances (10 s of meters). OFDR was used to validate the measurements made with $$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR which can measure over much longer distances (several kilometers). Due to its sensing distance capability, $$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR is a promising technology for monitoring many wind turbines networked together with a single fiber optic cable. This study presents a first-of-its-kind use of $$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR for structural health monitoring to demonstrate its capabilities.

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    Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2021
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      Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Peter G. Hubbard; James Xu; Shenghan Zhang; Matthew Dejong; +8 Authors

    AbstractMaintenance of wind turbine towers is currently a manual process that requires visual inspection and bolt tightening yearly. This process is costly to energy companies and its necessity is not well-defined. In this study, two Rayleigh-based distributed fiber optic sensing technologies are evaluated and compared for their ability to monitor the dynamic structural behavior of a model wind turbine tower subject to free and forced vibration. They are further tested for their ability to detect structural phenomena associated with loose bolts and material damage within the tower. The two technologies examined are optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and phase-based optical time domain reflectometry ($$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR), which is a technology used in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). OFDR is a tested and proven strain measurement technology commonly used for structural health monitoring but can only make strain measurements over short distances (10 s of meters). OFDR was used to validate the measurements made with $$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR which can measure over much longer distances (several kilometers). Due to its sensing distance capability, $$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR is a promising technology for monitoring many wind turbines networked together with a single fiber optic cable. This study presents a first-of-its-kind use of $$\phi$$ ϕ -OTDR for structural health monitoring to demonstrate its capabilities.

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    Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
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  • Authors: Deming Zhu; Yaohan Li; You Dong;

    This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis framework, combining three-dimensional (3D) numerical modelling and metamodeling, to investigate the probabilistic performance of retrofit actions on co...

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  • Authors: Deming Zhu; Yaohan Li; You Dong;

    This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis framework, combining three-dimensional (3D) numerical modelling and metamodeling, to investigate the probabilistic performance of retrofit actions on co...

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    Authors: Yanfei Xiang; Liming Yang; Tongxi Yu; Tongxi Yu;

    Abstract With the excellent energy absorption of tubular structures, the axial crushing behavior of tubes of various section shapes has been extensively investigated, while multi-cell tubes and honeycombs structures have been designed to further improve their energy absorption performance. However, there is lack of unified criterion to appropriately evaluate the energy absorption capacity of tubular structures. In this paper, a carefully designed set of key performance indicators (KPIs) is utilized to assess and compare the energy absorbing performance of polygonal tubes, multi-cell tubes and honeycombs. A series of diagrams related to the KPIs with non-dimensional parameters of various tubes are presented to demonstrate the influence of sectional configuration on the performance of polygonal tubes, as well as the effect of the cell number on that of multi-cell tubes and the effect of the cell package on that of honeycombs. The work is valuable to engineering designs and applications, as well as to the further studies of energy absorbers of other configurations.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Materials & Desi...arrow_drop_down
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      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Yanfei Xiang; Liming Yang; Tongxi Yu; Tongxi Yu;

    Abstract With the excellent energy absorption of tubular structures, the axial crushing behavior of tubes of various section shapes has been extensively investigated, while multi-cell tubes and honeycombs structures have been designed to further improve their energy absorption performance. However, there is lack of unified criterion to appropriately evaluate the energy absorption capacity of tubular structures. In this paper, a carefully designed set of key performance indicators (KPIs) is utilized to assess and compare the energy absorbing performance of polygonal tubes, multi-cell tubes and honeycombs. A series of diagrams related to the KPIs with non-dimensional parameters of various tubes are presented to demonstrate the influence of sectional configuration on the performance of polygonal tubes, as well as the effect of the cell number on that of multi-cell tubes and the effect of the cell package on that of honeycombs. The work is valuable to engineering designs and applications, as well as to the further studies of energy absorbers of other configurations.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Materials & Desi...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Materials & Desi...arrow_drop_down
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