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  • 13. Climate action
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: SZAJEWSKA ANNA;

    The paper presents the assumptions for the computer simulation of a forest fire in accordance with digital topographic map of forests and short-term weather forecast. To conduct the simulation, a software has been created. The software includes deterministic mathematical model of a forest fire. Input data have been extracted from the short-term weather forecast and the digital forest maps. The application range covers both planning of a controlled fire, e.g. in cases when the fires are intentionally started by the forest services to get rid of accumulated forest material, as well as to plan extinguishing actions and to plan appropriate disposal of resources during the extinguishing of a forest fire. Creation of the described simulation environment arises from the need of optimum planning of the extinguishing actions in local fire service centers. The initial risk assessment in the stage of planning the extinguishing action, will allow efficient management of equipment by the local units. It also prevents from repeating wrong decisions made in the early stages. This need imposes limiting the use of equipment platforms to medium class PC’s. The outcomes of the paper provides accessibility of a tool supporting the decision making process and assessing the damages in the high risk conditions of a forest fire. Furthermore, conducting a simulation allows to estimate the need for fire fighting equipment in the case of total and border extinguishing of a fire, for different weather conditions, considering fire density. В работе представлены рекомендации для компьютерной симуляции лесного пожара, основанной на цифровой топографической информации о лесах и краткосрочном прогнозе погоды. Для проведения симуляции было создано программное обеспечение, содержащее детерминированную математическую модель лесного пожара. Входные данные были получены из краткосрочного прогноза погоды и цифровых карт лесов. Область применения симуляции планирование контролируемого пожара, намеренно вызванного лесными службами с целью удаления избытка собранного лесного материала, а также планирование пожаротушащих работ и распределение ресурсов во время тушения лесного пожара. Создание данного инструмента симуляции обосновано необходимостью оптимально планировать пожартушащие работы в местных центрах пожарной службы. Ранняя оценка риска на этапе планирования пожаротушащей работы позволит эффекитвно рапределять средства местными центрами и предотвратить ошибки при принятии решений на ранних этапах. Вышеуказанная необходимость вынуждает ограничить применение оборудования до персональных компьютеров среднего класса. Результат работы обеспечивает доступность инструмента, поддерживающего принятие решений и оценки потерь в условиях повышенной угрозы лесного пожара. Кроме того, симуляция позволяет оценить необходимое количество средств для тушения целой территории, охваченной пожаром или только её края при разных погодных условиях, с учётем огневой нагрузки данного участка.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Bezpieczeństwo i Tec...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Bezpieczeństwo i Tec...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Soesoo, Alvar; Hade, Sigrid;

    The occurrences of Cambro-Ordovician organic-rich black shale and their metamorphosed Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic analogues have been known in Fennoscandia for a long time. These rocks show high concentrations of U, Mo, V, Zn, Pb, Ni and other metals. For example, Estonian uranium reserves have been estimated at 6.6 million tons (U 3O 8). Apart from commercial interest, there are environmental aspects related to black shale. Early mining in Sweden and Estonia caused significant damage to environment. Black shale emanates radon, and the weathering of shale releases harmful elements into the soil and groundwater. As the Fennoscandian and Baltoscandian black shale provides a large lithological and geochemical variety of shale and meta-shale, there is need for a new and updated assessment and re-evaluation of this resource. Our proposal is to feed geological, geochemical and environmental information into the Fennoscandian-Baltoscandian Black Shale Database (FBSD) with browser-based visualization possibilities. The database gathers data on both Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks, and includes shale stratigraphy, resource, metal/element distribution, environmental impact assessment, soil and groundwater impact, etc. Some visualizations have been presented using Estonian graptolite argillites as an example.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    The study of climate indicators in areas where there have been changes in their connection with the drying up of the Aral Sea in the last 30 years is the subject of special attention. The aim of this work was to study changes in climate parameters in the village Galagash during the cold season. The results of evaluation of meteorological parameters in the study area is characterized by the climate in the study period, the time is sharply continental, with a high temperature air to 11 0С, with differences of humidity from 74% to 100% and wind speed of 8 m/s. Изучение климатических показателей на территориях, где произошли их изменения в связи с усыханием Аральского моря за последние 30 лет является предметом особого внимания. Целью данной работы явилось изучение изменений параметров климата на территории поселка Жалагаш в холодный период года. Результаты оценки метеорологических параметров на изучаемой территории ха-рактеризуют климат в изучаемый период времени года, как резко-континенталь-ный, с температурой воздуха до 110С, с перепадами влажности воздуха от 74% до 100% и скоростью ветра до 8 м/с.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: V. N. Brichkin; Viktor M. Sizyakov;

    The scientific justification and development of the method for industrial synthesis of complex aluminates of alkaline earth metals is an innovative solution that determined several directions in the development of technology for complex processing of nepheline raw materials. It ensures the production of high-quality metallurgical alumina, the effective utilization of nepheline sludge and production of new types of multipurpose by-products. The modern development of these technical solutions is associated with ensuring the energy efficiency of the synthesis of hydrafed calcium carboaluminates (HCCA) and increasing the level of purification of aluminate solutions. The conditions for synthesizing HCCA with the use of calcareous materials of natural and technogenic origin have been experimentally determined, which makes it possible to isolate the average particle diameter as one of the determining factors of this process. The effect of the turnover of the hydrogarnet sludge on the removal of kinetic limitations in the process of deep desalination of aluminous solutions is theoretically justified. The conditions of a two-stage dosage of HCCA are experimentally determined. It is shown that the optimum ratio of the amount of the reagent supplied in the first and second stages is about 3: 2. At the same time, the maximum degree of precipitation of silica provides the production of aluminate solutions with a silicon module at the level of 95,000, which is achieved by using a HCCA synthesized based on chemically precipitated calcium carbonate in the processing of wastes from the production of mineral fertilizers. Научное обоснование и разработка способа промышленного синтеза сложных алюминатов щелочно-земельных металлов представляет собой инновационное решение, определившее целый ряд направлений в развитии технологии комплексной переработки нефелинового сырья. Это обеспечивает получение высококачественного металлургического глинозема, эффективную утилизацию нефелинового шлама и выпуск новых видов попутной продукции широкого назначения. Современное развитие этих технических решений связано с обеспечением энергоэффективности синтеза гидрокарбоалюминатов кальция (ГКАК) и увеличением глубины очистки алюминатных растворов. Экспериментально определены условия синтеза ГКАК с использованием известковых материалов природного и техногенного происхождения, что позволяет выделить средний диаметр частиц в качестве одного из определяющих факторов этого процесса. Теоретически обосновано влияние оборота гидрогранатового шлама на снятие кинетических ограничений в процессе глубокого обескремнивания алюминатных растворов. Экспериментально определены условия двухстадийной дозировки ГКАК. Показано, что оптимальное соотношение количества реагента, подаваемого на первой и второй стадии, составляет около 3:2. При этом максимальная степень осаждения кремнезема обеспечивает получение алюминатных растворов с кремниевым модулем на уровне 95000, что достигается при использовании ГКАК, синтезированного на основе химически осажденного карбоната кальция при переработке отходов производства минеральных удобрений. №231(3) (2018)

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Записки Горного инст...arrow_drop_down
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  • Authors: S V, Fesenko; A V, Panov; R M, Aleksakhin;

    A methodological approach for the justification of rational countermeasure options in agricultural production in the long term after the Chernobyl NPP accident is presented. The decrease in the scale of countermeasures in 1993-1996 in the most affected regions has resulted to a rise in internal exposure doses to the population. A need for further application of protective measures in the long term after the Chernobyl NPP accident is estimated. It has been shown that the remediation of some rural settlements should be continued till 2045.

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    Рассматривается возможность динамического анализа и прогнозирования результатов производства с помощью степенной производственной функции комплексных переменных с действительными коэффициентами. Эта модель расширяет арсенал инструментальных методов экономиста и позволяет выполнять многовариантные прогнозы производства, недостижимые другими методами из области действительных переменных, поскольку функции комплексных переменных иначе моделируют производство, нежели модели действительных переменных. Отличительной особенностью рассматриваемой модели является возможность вычисления значений коэффициентов степенной производственной функции комплексных переменных на каждом статистическом наблюдении. Это позволяет рассматривать изменение коэффициентов функции во времени, анализировать эту динамику и прогнозировать значения коэффициентов на заданную перспективу, прогнозируя тем самым и вид производственной функции, с помощью которой прогнозируются производственные результаты. Таким образом, вводится в научный оборот модель производственной функции с изменяющимися коэффициентами. С помощью этой модели возможно решение обратной задачи прогнозирования определение необходимых величин труда и капитала для достижения требуемых производственных результатов. В основе исследования лежат положения современной методологии комплекснозначной экономики, одним из его разделов являются комплекснозначные модели производственных функций. Возможность экономического прогнозирования в статье проверяется на примере экономики Великобритании. Результаты этого прогнозирования сравнивались с прогнозами, полученными другими методами, что позволило сделать вывод об эффективности использования предлагаемого подхода и метода прогнозирования на макроуровне производственных систем. Комплекснозначная степенная модель производственной функции рекомендуется для многовариантного прогнозирования устойчивых производственных систем глобальной экономики, экономики отдельных стран, крупных отраслей и регионов. The possibility of dynamic analysis and forecasting production results using the power production functions of complex variables with real coefficients is considered. This model expands the arsenal of instrumental methods and allows multivariate production forecasts which are unattainable by other methods of real variables as the functions of complex variables simulate the production differently in comparison with the models of real variables. The values of coefficients of the power production functions of complex variables can be calculated for each statistical observation. This allows to consider the change of the coefficients over time, to analyze this trend and predict the values of the coefficients for a given term, thereby to predict the form of the production function, which forecasts the operating results. Thus, the model of the production function with variable coefficients is introduced into the scientific circulation. With this model, the inverse problem of forecasting might be solved, such as the determination of the necessary quantities of labor and capital to achieve the desired operational results. The study is based on the principles of the modern methodology of complex-valued economy, one of its sections is the complex-valued patterns of production functions. In the article, the possibility of economic forecasting is tested on the example of the UK economy. The results of this prediction are compared with the forecasts obtained by other methods, which have led to the conclusion about the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the method of forecasting at the macro levels of production systems. A complex-valued power model of the production function is recommended for the multivariate prediction of sustainable production systems the global economy, the economies of individual countries, major industries and regions.

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    Authors: KIM YULIYA SINOVNA; SUN CHENG; YUSSUPOVA AKMARAL ARDASHEROVNA;

    This paper focuses on research to determine the feasibility of the design to improve energy efficiency and to improve climate conditions in residential buildings. The methods and recommendations intended for the local building tradition. As a result, evaluate the real effectiveness of the design of energy efficient processes and provides recommendations on the development of residential buildings.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: N K, Shandala; E V, Petukhova; M N, Savkin; N Ia, Novikova; +4 Authors

    The results of assessing the radiation situation due to global fallouts, obtained from measurement of 137Cs and 90Sr in over 400 samples from natural environmental objects in Moscow in 1979-1999 have indicated that the levels of the substances in the atmospheric fallouts are in agreement with the mean Russian levels and the mean annual activity of these radionuclides in the ambient air are 6 orders lower than the allowable values laid down in NRB-99. In Moscow, the mean effective dose of external exposure to natural and cosmogenic radionuclides is no greater than 1 m3v a year. The individual effective doses of internal and external exposures of the population to global fallouts averages 13 mu k3v a year.

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  • The main mechanisms of formation and suppression of sulfur oxides during combustion of solid fuels in the CFB and the main regime factors affecting the concentration of sulfur oxides during air combustion are considered. The features of the mechanisms of formation and suppression of sulfur oxide emissions during oxygen combustion, which are largely associated with a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide mixed with oxygen, are shown. A comparative analysis of the effect of capturing SOx and regime factors during the combustion of oxygen and CO2 in air and the environment has been performed. The most preferred mathematical models for calculating SOx emissions are given and the calculation results are compared with experimental data. Directions and approaches to further research are indicated, primarily in the direction of modeling under conditions of co-combustion of coal and biomass. It is shown that it is topical to conduct comprehensive studies of the processes of formation and suppression of harmful emissions from the co-combustion of coal and various types of biomass, especially when burning oxygen in an environment with CO2 recirculation. The main mechanisms of formation and suppression of sulfur oxides during combustion of solid fuels in the CFB and the main regime factors affecting the concentration of sulfur oxides during air combustion are considered. The features of the mechanisms of formation and suppression of sulfur oxide emissions during oxygen combustion, which are largely associated with a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide mixed with oxygen, are shown. A comparative analysis of the effect of capturing SO and regime factors during the combustion of oxygen and CO in air and the environment has been performed. The most preferred mathematical models for calculating SO emissions are given and the calculation results are compared with experimental data. Directions and approaches to further research are indicated, primarily in the direction of modeling under conditions of co-combustion of coal and biomass. It is shown that it is topical to conduct comprehensive studies of the processes of formation and suppression of harmful emissions from the co-combustion of coal and various types of biomass, especially when burning oxygen in an environment with COrecirculation. Бухаркина Т.В., Российский химико-технологический университет им. Д.И. Менделеева, Москва Рассмотрены основные механизмы образования и подавления оксидов серы при сжигании твёрдых топлив в ЦКС и основные режимные факторы, влияющие на концентрацию оксидов серы при воздушном сжигании. Показаны особенности механизмов образования и подавления выбросов оксидов серы при кислородном сжигании, которые во многом связаны с высоким парциальным давлением двуокиси углерода в смеси с кислородом. Выполнен сравнительный анализ влияния улавливания SO и режимных факторов при сжигании в воздушной среде и среде кислорода и СО. Приведены наиболее предпочтительные математические модели для расчёта выбросов SO и дано сравнение результатов расчёта с экспериментальными данными. Указаны направления и подходы к дальнейшим исследованиям, прежде всего в направлении моделирования в условиях совместного сжигания угля и биомассы. Показано, что актуальным является проведение комплексных исследований процессов образования и подавления вредных выбросов при совместном сжигании углей и различных видов биомассы, в особенности при сжигании в среде кислорода с рециркуляцией СО. №8(1057) (2019)

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  • Отмечена роль ведущих отечественных ученых В.И. Денисова и В.Г. Горского в становлении и развитии теории планирования эксперимента и прикладных статистических методов анализа данных. На основе математической теории планирования эксперимента исследовано влияние параметров воздушной среды рабочих помещений на интенсивность испарения опасных химических веществ с поверхности пролива. Создана математическая модель, описывающая этот процесс. Данные исследования необходимы для оценки профессионального риска на химических производствах The article addresses the important problem of assessing the professional risk of workers in industries where the chemical factor is possible, as well as the role of the mathematical theory of experimental design in conducting of experimental research. The role of leading Russian scientists Denisov Vladimir Ivanovich and Gorsky Vladimir Grigoryevich in the establishment and development of experimental design theory and applied statistical data analysis methods is noted in the work. It is noted that in order to successfully solve scientific, industrial, and technological problems, modern research engineer must have competencies in the field of the theory of mathematical statistics, practical skills in planning an experiment, and methods for statistical processing of experimental data. The aim of the studies presented in this paper is to assess the influence of the air environment of the working room (temperature, humidity) on the rate of evaporation of a hazardous chemical from the spill. The experiment was carried out on a facility that allowed varying over a wide range the temperature and humidity. The experiment was carried out in accordance with the plan developed on the basis of the mathematical theory of experimental design. The obtained mathematical model allows estimating the level of air pollution by hazardous chemicals in the temperature and humidity range typical of workrooms. A comparison of the concentrations calculated according to the model with the permissible level of air pollution (MPC of the working zone air) will allow assessing the risk of inhalation exposure to hazardous chemicals on working personnel in local emergency situations. Conducted research is necessary to assess occupational risk in chemical industries

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: SZAJEWSKA ANNA;

    The paper presents the assumptions for the computer simulation of a forest fire in accordance with digital topographic map of forests and short-term weather forecast. To conduct the simulation, a software has been created. The software includes deterministic mathematical model of a forest fire. Input data have been extracted from the short-term weather forecast and the digital forest maps. The application range covers both planning of a controlled fire, e.g. in cases when the fires are intentionally started by the forest services to get rid of accumulated forest material, as well as to plan extinguishing actions and to plan appropriate disposal of resources during the extinguishing of a forest fire. Creation of the described simulation environment arises from the need of optimum planning of the extinguishing actions in local fire service centers. The initial risk assessment in the stage of planning the extinguishing action, will allow efficient management of equipment by the local units. It also prevents from repeating wrong decisions made in the early stages. This need imposes limiting the use of equipment platforms to medium class PC’s. The outcomes of the paper provides accessibility of a tool supporting the decision making process and assessing the damages in the high risk conditions of a forest fire. Furthermore, conducting a simulation allows to estimate the need for fire fighting equipment in the case of total and border extinguishing of a fire, for different weather conditions, considering fire density. В работе представлены рекомендации для компьютерной симуляции лесного пожара, основанной на цифровой топографической информации о лесах и краткосрочном прогнозе погоды. Для проведения симуляции было создано программное обеспечение, содержащее детерминированную математическую модель лесного пожара. Входные данные были получены из краткосрочного прогноза погоды и цифровых карт лесов. Область применения симуляции планирование контролируемого пожара, намеренно вызванного лесными службами с целью удаления избытка собранного лесного материала, а также планирование пожаротушащих работ и распределение ресурсов во время тушения лесного пожара. Создание данного инструмента симуляции обосновано необходимостью оптимально планировать пожартушащие работы в местных центрах пожарной службы. Ранняя оценка риска на этапе планирования пожаротушащей работы позволит эффекитвно рапределять средства местными центрами и предотвратить ошибки при принятии решений на ранних этапах. Вышеуказанная необходимость вынуждает ограничить применение оборудования до персональных компьютеров среднего класса. Результат работы обеспечивает доступность инструмента, поддерживающего принятие решений и оценки потерь в условиях повышенной угрозы лесного пожара. Кроме того, симуляция позволяет оценить необходимое количество средств для тушения целой территории, охваченной пожаром или только её края при разных погодных условиях, с учётем огневой нагрузки данного участка.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Soesoo, Alvar; Hade, Sigrid;

    The occurrences of Cambro-Ordovician organic-rich black shale and their metamorphosed Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic analogues have been known in Fennoscandia for a long time. These rocks show high concentrations of U, Mo, V, Zn, Pb, Ni and other metals. For example, Estonian uranium reserves have been estimated at 6.6 million tons (U 3O 8). Apart from commercial interest, there are environmental aspects related to black shale. Early mining in Sweden and Estonia caused significant damage to environment. Black shale emanates radon, and the weathering of shale releases harmful elements into the soil and groundwater. As the Fennoscandian and Baltoscandian black shale provides a large lithological and geochemical variety of shale and meta-shale, there is need for a new and updated assessment and re-evaluation of this resource. Our proposal is to feed geological, geochemical and environmental information into the Fennoscandian-Baltoscandian Black Shale Database (FBSD) with browser-based visualization possibilities. The database gathers data on both Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks, and includes shale stratigraphy, resource, metal/element distribution, environmental impact assessment, soil and groundwater impact, etc. Some visualizations have been presented using Estonian graptolite argillites as an example.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    The study of climate indicators in areas where there have been changes in their connection with the drying up of the Aral Sea in the last 30 years is the subject of special attention. The aim of this work was to study changes in climate parameters in the village Galagash during the cold season. The results of evaluation of meteorological parameters in the study area is characterized by the climate in the study period, the time is sharply continental, with a high temperature air to 11 0С, with differences of humidity from 74% to 100% and wind speed of 8 m/s. Изучение климатических показателей на территориях, где произошли их изменения в связи с усыханием Аральского моря за последние 30 лет является предметом особого внимания. Целью данной работы явилось изучение изменений параметров климата на территории поселка Жалагаш в холодный период года. Результаты оценки метеорологических параметров на изучаемой территории ха-рактеризуют климат в изучаемый период времени года, как резко-континенталь-ный, с температурой воздуха до 110С, с перепадами влажности воздуха от 74% до 100% и скоростью ветра до 8 м/с.

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    Authors: V. N. Brichkin; Viktor M. Sizyakov;

    The scientific justification and development of the method for industrial synthesis of complex aluminates of alkaline earth metals is an innovative solution that determined several directions in the development of technology for complex processing of nepheline raw materials. It ensures the production of high-quality metallurgical alumina, the effective utilization of nepheline sludge and production of new types of multipurpose by-products. The modern development of these technical solutions is associated with ensuring the energy efficiency of the synthesis of hydrafed calcium carboaluminates (HCCA) and increasing the level of purification of aluminate solutions. The conditions for synthesizing HCCA with the use of calcareous materials of natural and technogenic origin have been experimentally determined, which makes it possible to isolate the average particle diameter as one of the determining factors of this process. The effect of the turnover of the hydrogarnet sludge on the removal of kinetic limitations in the process of deep desalination of aluminous solutions is theoretically justified. The conditions of a two-stage dosage of HCCA are experimentally determined. It is shown that the optimum ratio of the amount of the reagent supplied in the first and second stages is about 3: 2. At the same time, the maximum degree of precipitation of silica provides the production of aluminate solutions with a silicon module at the level of 95,000, which is achieved by using a HCCA synthesized based on chemically precipitated calcium carbonate in the processing of wastes from the production of mineral fertilizers. Научное обоснование и разработка способа промышленного синтеза сложных алюминатов щелочно-земельных металлов представляет собой инновационное решение, определившее целый ряд направлений в развитии технологии комплексной переработки нефелинового сырья. Это обеспечивает получение высококачественного металлургического глинозема, эффективную утилизацию нефелинового шлама и выпуск новых видов попутной продукции широкого назначения. Современное развитие этих технических решений связано с обеспечением энергоэффективности синтеза гидрокарбоалюминатов кальция (ГКАК) и увеличением глубины очистки алюминатных растворов. Экспериментально определены условия синтеза ГКАК с использованием известковых материалов природного и техногенного происхождения, что позволяет выделить средний диаметр частиц в качестве одного из определяющих факторов этого процесса. Теоретически обосновано влияние оборота гидрогранатового шлама на снятие кинетических ограничений в процессе глубокого обескремнивания алюминатных растворов. Экспериментально определены условия двухстадийной дозировки ГКАК. Показано, что оптимальное соотношение количества реагента, подаваемого на первой и второй стадии, составляет около 3:2. При этом максимальная степень осаждения кремнезема обеспечивает получение алюминатных растворов с кремниевым модулем на уровне 95000, что достигается при использовании ГКАК, синтезированного на основе химически осажденного карбоната кальция при переработке отходов производства минеральных удобрений. №231(3) (2018)

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  • Authors: S V, Fesenko; A V, Panov; R M, Aleksakhin;

    A methodological approach for the justification of rational countermeasure options in agricultural production in the long term after the Chernobyl NPP accident is presented. The decrease in the scale of countermeasures in 1993-1996 in the most affected regions has resulted to a rise in internal exposure doses to the population. A need for further application of protective measures in the long term after the Chernobyl NPP accident is estimated. It has been shown that the remediation of some rural settlements should be continued till 2045.

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    Рассматривается возможность динамического анализа и прогнозирования результатов производства с помощью степенной производственной функции комплексных переменных с действительными коэффициентами. Эта модель расширяет арсенал инструментальных методов экономиста и позволяет выполнять многовариантные прогнозы производства, недостижимые другими методами из области действительных переменных, поскольку функции комплексных переменных иначе моделируют производство, нежели модели действительных переменных. Отличительной особенностью рассматриваемой модели является возможность вычисления значений коэффициентов степенной производственной функции комплексных переменных на каждом статистическом наблюдении. Это позволяет рассматривать изменение коэффициентов функции во времени, анализировать эту динамику и прогнозировать значения коэффициентов на заданную перспективу, прогнозируя тем самым и вид производственной функции, с помощью которой прогнозируются производственные результаты. Таким образом, вводится в научный оборот модель производственной функции с изменяющимися коэффициентами. С помощью этой модели возможно решение обратной задачи прогнозирования определение необходимых величин труда и капитала для достижения требуемых производственных результатов. В основе исследования лежат положения современной методологии комплекснозначной экономики, одним из его разделов являются комплекснозначные модели производственных функций. Возможность экономического прогнозирования в статье проверяется на примере экономики Великобритании. Результаты этого прогнозирования сравнивались с прогнозами, полученными другими методами, что позволило сделать вывод об эффективности использования предлагаемого подхода и метода прогнозирования на макроуровне производственных систем. Комплекснозначная степенная модель производственной функции рекомендуется для многовариантного прогнозирования устойчивых производственных систем глобальной экономики, экономики отдельных стран, крупных отраслей и регионов. The possibility of dynamic analysis and forecasting production results using the power production functions of complex variables with real coefficients is considered. This model expands the arsenal of instrumental methods and allows multivariate production forecasts which are unattainable by other methods of real variables as the functions of complex variables simulate the production differently in comparison with the models of real variables. The values of coefficients of the power production functions of complex variables can be calculated for each statistical observation. This allows to consider the change of the coefficients over time, to analyze this trend and predict the values of the coefficients for a given term, thereby to predict the form of the production function, which forecasts the operating results. Thus, the model of the production function with variable coefficients is introduced into the scientific circulation. With this model, the inverse problem of forecasting might be solved, such as the determination of the necessary quantities of labor and capital to achieve the desired operational results. The study is based on the principles of the modern methodology of complex-valued economy, one of its sections is the complex-valued patterns of production functions. In the article, the possibility of economic forecasting is tested on the example of the UK economy. The results of this prediction are compared with the forecasts obtained by other methods, which have led to the conclusion about the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the method of forecasting at the macro levels of production systems. A complex-valued power model of the production function is recommended for the multivariate prediction of sustainable production systems the global economy, the economies of individual countries, major industries and regions.

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    Authors: KIM YULIYA SINOVNA; SUN CHENG; YUSSUPOVA AKMARAL ARDASHEROVNA;

    This paper focuses on research to determine the feasibility of the design to improve energy efficiency and to improve climate conditions in residential buildings. The methods and recommendations intended for the local building tradition. As a result, evaluate the real effectiveness of the design of energy efficient processes and provides recommendations on the development of residential buildings.

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    Authors: N K, Shandala; E V, Petukhova; M N, Savkin; N Ia, Novikova; +4 Authors

    The results of assessing the radiation situation due to global fallouts, obtained from measurement of 137Cs and 90Sr in over 400 samples from natural environmental objects in Moscow in 1979-1999 have indicated that the levels of the substances in the atmospheric fallouts are in agreement with the mean Russian levels and the mean annual activity of these radionuclides in the ambient air are 6 orders lower than the allowable values laid down in NRB-99. In Moscow, the mean effective dose of external exposure to natural and cosmogenic radionuclides is no greater than 1 m3v a year. The individual effective doses of internal and external exposures of the population to global fallouts averages 13 mu k3v a year.

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  • The main mechanisms of formation and suppression of sulfur oxides during combustion of solid fuels in the CFB and the main regime factors affecting the concentration of sulfur oxides during air combustion are considered. The features of the mechanisms of formation and suppression of sulfur oxide emissions during oxygen combustion, which are largely associated with a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide mixed with oxygen, are shown. A comparative analysis of the effect of capturing SOx and regime factors during the combustion of oxygen and CO2 in air and the environment has been performed. The most preferred mathematical models for calculating SOx emissions are given and the calculation results are compared with experimental data. Directions and approaches to further research are indicated, primarily in the direction of modeling under conditions of co-combustion of coal and biomass. It is shown that it is topical to conduct comprehensive studies of the processes of formation and suppression of harmful emissions from the co-combustion of coal and various types of biomass, especially when burning oxygen in an environment with CO2 recirculation. The main mechanisms of formation and suppression of sulfur oxides during combustion of solid fuels in the CFB and the main regime factors affecting the concentration of sulfur oxides during air combustion are considered. The features of the mechanisms of formation and suppression of sulfur oxide emissions during oxygen combustion, which are largely associated with a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide mixed with oxygen, are shown. A comparative analysis of the effect of capturing SO and regime factors during the combustion of oxygen and CO in air and the environment has been performed. The most preferred mathematical models for calculating SO emissions are given and the calculation results are compared with experimental data. Directions and approaches to further research are indicated, primarily in the direction of modeling under conditions of co-combustion of coal and biomass. It is shown that it is topical to conduct comprehensive studies of the processes of formation and suppression of harmful emissions from the co-combustion of coal and various types of biomass, especially when burning oxygen in an environment with COrecirculation. Бухаркина Т.В., Российский химико-технологический университет им. Д.И. Менделеева, Москва Рассмотрены основные механизмы образования и подавления оксидов серы при сжигании твёрдых топлив в ЦКС и основные режимные факторы, влияющие на концентрацию оксидов серы при воздушном сжигании. Показаны особенности механизмов образования и подавления выбросов оксидов серы при кислородном сжигании, которые во многом связаны с высоким парциальным давлением двуокиси углерода в смеси с кислородом. Выполнен сравнительный анализ влияния улавливания SO и режимных факторов при сжигании в воздушной среде и среде кислорода и СО. Приведены наиболее предпочтительные математические модели для расчёта выбросов SO и дано сравнение результатов расчёта с экспериментальными данными. Указаны направления и подходы к дальнейшим исследованиям, прежде всего в направлении моделирования в условиях совместного сжигания угля и биомассы. Показано, что актуальным является проведение комплексных исследований процессов образования и подавления вредных выбросов при совместном сжигании углей и различных видов биомассы, в особенности при сжигании в среде кислорода с рециркуляцией СО. №8(1057) (2019)

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  • Отмечена роль ведущих отечественных ученых В.И. Денисова и В.Г. Горского в становлении и развитии теории планирования эксперимента и прикладных статистических методов анализа данных. На основе математической теории планирования эксперимента исследовано влияние параметров воздушной среды рабочих помещений на интенсивность испарения опасных химических веществ с поверхности пролива. Создана математическая модель, описывающая этот процесс. Данные исследования необходимы для оценки профессионального риска на химических производствах The article addresses the important problem of assessing the professional risk of workers in industries where the chemical factor is possible, as well as the role of the mathematical theory of experimental design in conducting of experimental research. The role of leading Russian scientists Denisov Vladimir Ivanovich and Gorsky Vladimir Grigoryevich in the establishment and development of experimental design theory and applied statistical data analysis methods is noted in the work. It is noted that in order to successfully solve scientific, industrial, and technological problems, modern research engineer must have competencies in the field of the theory of mathematical statistics, practical skills in planning an experiment, and methods for statistical processing of experimental data. The aim of the studies presented in this paper is to assess the influence of the air environment of the working room (temperature, humidity) on the rate of evaporation of a hazardous chemical from the spill. The experiment was carried out on a facility that allowed varying over a wide range the temperature and humidity. The experiment was carried out in accordance with the plan developed on the basis of the mathematical theory of experimental design. The obtained mathematical model allows estimating the level of air pollution by hazardous chemicals in the temperature and humidity range typical of workrooms. A comparison of the concentrations calculated according to the model with the permissible level of air pollution (MPC of the working zone air) will allow assessing the risk of inhalation exposure to hazardous chemicals on working personnel in local emergency situations. Conducted research is necessary to assess occupational risk in chemical industries

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