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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Alors que l'accès à l'énergie s'améliore dans tous les groupes économiques du monde, il reste le défi monumental de l'inégalité des énergies propres qui aggrave encore les problèmes liés au climat. Pour mieux lutter contre les inégalités en matière d'énergie propre, cette étude offre une nouvelle compréhension des forces à l'origine de la fracture de l'accès à l'énergie propre associée à l'urbanisation et à la ruralisation en utilisant le cas des économies à revenu élevé, faible, intermédiaire inférieur et intermédiaire supérieur entre 2010 et 2021. En utilisant une analyse empirique, les résultats révèlent que (i) la croissance annuelle de l'économie et (ii) la parité d'alphabétisation entre les hommes et les femmes aggravent encore l'accès à l'énergie propre entre les populations urbaines et rurales. Au contraire, les activités innovantes réduisent l'accès à l'énergie propre urbaine-rurale d'une élasticité de 3,510. Ces résultats, en théorie et en pratique, fournissent des informations sur les politiques visant à atteindre spécifiquement les objectifs de développement durable 7 et 10 des Nations Unies, ainsi que d'autres défis mondiaux. Si bien el acceso a la energía está mejorando en todos los grupos económicos a nivel mundial, aquí permanece el desafío monumental de la desigualdad de energía limpia que ha agravado aún más los problemas relacionados con el clima. Para abordar aún más la desigualdad de energía limpia, este estudio ofrece una comprensión novedosa de las fuerzas detrás de la brecha de acceso a la energía limpia asociada con la urbanización y la ruralización mediante el empleo del caso de las economías de ingresos altos, bajos, medios-bajos y medios-altos en el período 2010 a 2021. Mediante el uso de análisis empíricos, los resultados revelan que (i) el crecimiento anual de la economía y (ii) la paridad de alfabetización entre hombres y mujeres empeoran aún más el acceso a la energía limpia entre la población urbana y rural. Por el contrario, las actividades innovadoras reducen el acceso a la energía limpia urbana-rural en una elasticidad de 3.510. Estos hallazgos, en teoría y en la práctica, proporcionan información sobre políticas para lograr específicamente los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 7 y 10 de las Naciones Unidas, y otros desafíos globales. While energy access is improving across economic groups globally, here remains the monumental challenge of clean energy inequality that has further aggravates climate-related problems. To further address clean energy inequality, this study offers novel understanding on the forces behind clean energy access divide associated with urbanization and ruralization by employing the case of the high, low, lower-middle, and upper-middle income economies in the period 2010 to 2021. By using empirical analysis, the results reveal that (i) annual growth in the economy, and (ii) literacy parity between male and female further worsen clean energy access between urban and rural population. Contrarily, innovative activities reduce urban-rural clean energy access by an elasticity of 3.510. These findings, in theory and practice, provide policy insight toward specifically achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 10, and other global challenges. في حين أن الوصول إلى الطاقة يتحسن عبر المجموعات الاقتصادية على مستوى العالم، لا يزال هنا التحدي الهائل المتمثل في عدم المساواة في الطاقة النظيفة الذي يزيد من تفاقم المشاكل المتعلقة بالمناخ. ولمزيد من معالجة عدم المساواة في الطاقة النظيفة، تقدم هذه الدراسة فهمًا جديدًا للقوى الكامنة وراء فجوة الوصول إلى الطاقة النظيفة المرتبطة بالتوسع الحضري والريفي من خلال توظيف حالة الاقتصادات ذات الدخل المرتفع والمنخفض والمتوسط الأدنى والمتوسط الأعلى في الفترة من 2010 إلى 2021. باستخدام التحليل التجريبي، تكشف النتائج أن (1) النمو السنوي في الاقتصاد، و (2) تكافؤ محو الأمية بين الذكور والإناث يزيد من سوء الوصول إلى الطاقة النظيفة بين سكان الحضر والريف. على النقيض من ذلك، تقلل الأنشطة المبتكرة من الوصول إلى الطاقة النظيفة بين المناطق الحضرية والريفية بمرونة تبلغ 3.510. توفر هذه النتائج، من الناحية النظرية والعملية، نظرة ثاقبة للسياسات نحو تحقيق هدفي التنمية المستدامة للأمم المتحدة 7 و 10 على وجه التحديد، والتحديات العالمية الأخرى.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Policyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy Policy
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/c3...
    Other literature type . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/h9...
    Other literature type . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Policyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energy Policy
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/c3...
      Other literature type . 2024
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/h9...
      Other literature type . 2024
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kemal Eyyüboğlu; Saffet Akdağ; Hakan Yildirim; Andrew Adewale Alola;

    Due to economic activities intensification associated with the developing countries, the relationship between population density and energy density in urban areas becomes an important issue in the energy studies. In this study, the relationship between energy intensity and urbanization is examined in 23 developing countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, and Uruguay) over the period 1990–2015. The cointegration and causality relationships between variables are examined using Westerlund (2007) cointegration and Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) Granger causality tests. The cointegration test results revealed that there is no long-term relationship between variables. However, the Granger causality test results showed that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between energy density and urbanization, energy density and economic growth, economic growth and energy density in the short-term. Thus, the result posit a policy direction that could guide the governments of the respective economies especially on achieving a sustainable environment to avoid feasible consequence of trade-off between energy and population growth.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IGU Institutional Op...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IGU Institutional Op...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Springer TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    AbstractIn spite of the vital role entrepreneurship plays in an economy, recent observations especially from the perspective of climate-related economic activities are indications for the inclusive probe of other salient elements responsible for environmental challenges. Considering the aforementioned framework, therefore, this study explores the asymmetric impact of entrepreneurship on the environmental quality for a developing economy such as Turkey. In a unique dimension, this study utilizes the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model with the aid of yearly data from 1985–2016 while incorporating other related determinants of environmental sustainability. The estimation results depict the presence of asymmetric short-run and long-run impact of the explanatory variables on environmental quality. Interestingly, the results confirm a negative impact of entrepreneurial activities, energy utilization, financial development, and economic growth on the environmental quality irrespective of the nature (either positive or negative) of the shock in the short and long run. However, a positive (negative) shock in trade openness worsens (improve) environmental quality in the short and long run. Furthermore, the investigation affirms the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for Turkey. The main outcome from this paper shows that entrepreneurship has a crucial effect on the environment of Turkey. Generally, this study suggests the introduction of incentives to motivate the creation of sustainable businesses, technological innovation, and smart cities to mitigate its negative impact on the environment is far begging for critical attention in the country.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Osuva (University of...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/07...
    Other literature type . 2021
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/n6...
    Other literature type . 2021
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Access Routes
    Green
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    18
    citations18
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Osuva (University of...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/07...
      Other literature type . 2021
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/n6...
      Other literature type . 2021
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sinan Erdogan; Ugur Korkut Pata; Andrew Adewale Alola;

    Cutting the global economy's dependence on coal has always been seen as one of the most effective measures to reduce carbon emissions and ensure environmental sustainability. However, the demand for coal can vary greatly from country to country. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to identify where the countries with the highest coal consumption stand in reducing coal dependence in energy supply from 1997 to 2021 by utilizing panel data methods and accounting for the possible occurrence of cross-sectional dependence. The empirical results denote that (i) the models used are cross-sectionally independent, (ii) there is a long-run relationship between the variables (iii) rising economic growth upsurges coal demand, while its square reduces coal consumption; therefore, the coal-Kuznets curve is valid; (iv) population density and industrialization boost coal consumption, while demand for natural gas and renewable energy reduces it. Based on the empirical outcomes, the study suggests that natural gas should be promoted alongside renewables to displace coal consumption globally, and that countries should consider the coal-Kuznets curve to channel the increased revenues into clean energy investments.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Strategy Revi...arrow_drop_down
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    Energy Strategy Reviews
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy Strategy Reviews
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Strategy Revi...arrow_drop_down
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      Energy Strategy Reviews
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energy Strategy Reviews
      Article . 2024
      Data sources: DOAJ
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Festus Fatai Adedoyin; Andrew Adewale Alola; Festus Victor Bekun;

    Given that the European Union-28 countries proposed a target of 3% of the Gross Domestic Product on research and development (R&D) expenditure by 2020, the current study attempts to examine the role of R&D on environmental sustainability. In addition, the study further investigates the long-run and causal interaction between, renewable energy consumption, nonrenewable energy consumption, and economic growth in an ecological footprint-income function. Notably, the study incorporates research and development (R&D) expenditure to the model as an additional variable, and measures impact of each variable on ecological footprint. Empirical evidence is based on a balanced panel data between annual periods of 1997-2014 for selected EU-16 countries. The Pedroni, Johansen Multivariate and Kao tests all reveal a cointegration between ecological footprint, economic growth, research and development expenditure, renewable, and nonrenewable energy consumption. The Fully Modified and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares models (FMOLS and DOLS) both suggest a negative significant relationship between the countries' research and development expenditure and ecological footprint in the long-run. This implies that spending on R&D significantly impacts on environmental sustainability of the panel countries. Our study affirms that nonrenewable energy consumption and economic growth increase carbon emission flaring while renewable energy consumption declines ecological footprint. The panel causality analysis reveals a feedback mechanism between ecological footprint, R&D expenditure, renewable, and nonrenewable energy consumption. We further observed a one-way causality between ecological footprint and economic growth. The current further validates that the Environmental Kuznet Curve Hypothesis (EKC) holds for this panel of EU countries examined. Effective policy implications could be drawn toward modern and environmentally friendly energy sources, especially in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals via spending on R&D.

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    The Science of The Total Environment
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      The Science of The Total Environment
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Ces dernières années, l'efficacité de l'intensité énergétique s'est améliorée dans les États nordiques et en grande partie parmi les États membres de l'Union européenne, ce qui explique les performances impressionnantes de la région en termes de durabilité environnementale. De toute évidence, il existe peu de littérature sur la criticité de l'efficacité/de l'intensité des énergies renouvelables par rapport à l'efficacité des combustibles fossiles désagrégés. Pour offrir plus de nouveauté, le (dé) mérite de la durabilité environnementale de l'intensité énergétique renouvelable est comparé à l'efficacité énergétique fossile (pétrole, gaz naturel et charbon) dans le panel des États nordiques sur la période 1990–2020 en utilisant des approches économétriques pertinentes telles que le décalage distribué autorégressif transversal (CS-ARDL). Il est important de noter que le résultat montre qu'une augmentation en pourcentage de l'intensité de l'énergie renouvelable atténue les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) d'environ0,45% contre environ0,29% par l'efficacité énergétique du pétrole à long terme, suggérant ainsi que la performance environnementale de l'intensité de l'énergie renouvelable l'emporte sur l'utilisation efficace du mazout. En outre, l'intensité de l'énergie renouvelable surpasse également l'utilisation efficace du gaz naturel et de l'énergie du charbon d'environ0,51 % à0,37 % et d'environ0,43 % à0,17 % respectivement. Cependant, la croissance économique et les innovations liées à l'environnement stimulent les émissions de GES, ce qui implique que les pays nordiques découplent la performance économique des revers environnementaux dans un contexte de changement structurel par le biais d'innovations technologiques. Les résultats sont considérés comme formidables pour la spécificité de la politique du bouquet énergétique, en particulier au Danemark, en Finlande, en Norvège et en Suède. En los últimos años, la eficiencia energética ha mejorado en los estados nórdicos y en gran medida entre los estados miembros de la Unión Europea, lo que explica el impresionante desempeño de la región en términos de sostenibilidad ambiental. Claramente, hay poca literatura sobre la criticidad de la eficiencia/intensidad de la energía renovable en comparación con la eficiencia desagregada de los combustibles fósiles. Para ofrecer más novedad, la sostenibilidad ambiental (de) mérito de la intensidad de la energía renovable se compara con la eficiencia de los combustibles fósiles (petróleo, gas natural y carbón) en el panel de estados nórdicos durante el período 1990–2020 mediante el empleo de enfoques econométricos relevantes, como el retraso distribuido autorregresivo transversal (CS-ARDL). Es importante destacar que el resultado muestra que un aumento porcentual en la intensidad de la energía renovable mitiga las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en ~0.45% frente a ~0.29% por la eficiencia energética del petróleo a largo plazo, lo que sugiere que el desempeño ambiental de la intensidad de la energía renovable supera el uso eficiente del combustible de petróleo. Además, la intensidad de la energía renovable también supera el uso eficiente de la energía del gas natural y del carbón en ~0.51%–~0.37% y ~0.43%–~0.17%, respectivamente. Sin embargo, el crecimiento económico y las innovaciones relacionadas con el medio ambiente estimulan las emisiones de GEI, lo que implica que los países nórdicos están desacoplando el rendimiento económico de los contratiempos ambientales en medio de un cambio estructural a través de las innovaciones tecnológicas. Los resultados se consideran formidables para la especificidad de la política de combinación energética, especialmente en Dinamarca, Finlandia, Noruega y Suecia. In recent years, energy intensity-efficiency has improved in the Nordic states and largely among the European Union member states, thus accounting for the region's impressive performance in terms of environmental sustainability. Clearly, there is paucity of literature on the criticality of renewable energy efficiency/intensity as compared with disaggregated fossil fuel efficiency. To offer more novelty, environmental sustainability (de) merit of renewable energy intensity is compared with fossil (oil, natural gas, and coal) fuel efficiency in the panel of Nordic states over the period 1990–2020 by employing relevant econometric approaches such as the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL). Importantly, the result shows that a percentage increase in renewable energy intensity mitigates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by ∼0.45% against ∼0.29% by oil energy efficiency in the long run, thus suggesting that environmental performance of renewable energy intensity outweighs the efficient use of oil fuel. Additionally, renewable energy intensity also outperforms efficient use of natural gas and coal energy by ∼0.51%–∼0.37% and ∼0.43%–∼0.17% respectively. However, economic growth and environmental-related innovations spur GHG emissions, implying that the Nordic countries are decoupling economic performance from environmental setbacks amidst structural shift via technological innovations. The results are considered formidable for the specificity of energy mix policy especially in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. في السنوات الأخيرة، تحسنت كفاءة استخدام الطاقة في دول الشمال الأوروبي وإلى حد كبير بين الدول الأعضاء في الاتحاد الأوروبي، مما يمثل الأداء المثير للإعجاب في المنطقة من حيث الاستدامة البيئية. من الواضح أن هناك ندرة في الأدبيات حول أهمية كفاءة/كثافة الطاقة المتجددة مقارنة بكفاءة الوقود الأحفوري المصنفة. لتقديم المزيد من الحداثة، تتم مقارنة ميزة الاستدامة البيئية لكثافة الطاقة المتجددة بكفاءة الوقود الأحفوري (النفط والغاز الطبيعي والفحم) في لجنة دول الشمال الأوروبي خلال الفترة 1990–2020 من خلال استخدام مناهج الاقتصاد القياسي ذات الصلة مثل التأخر الموزع الانحداري المستعرض (CS - ARDL). الأهم من ذلك، تظهر النتيجة أن الزيادة المئوية في كثافة الطاقة المتجددة تخفف من انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة بنسبة 0.45 ٪ مقابل 0.29 ٪ من كفاءة الطاقة النفطية على المدى الطويل، مما يشير إلى أن الأداء البيئي لكثافة الطاقة المتجددة يفوق الاستخدام الفعال لوقود النفط. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تتفوق كثافة الطاقة المتجددة أيضًا على الاستخدام الفعال للغاز الطبيعي وطاقة الفحم بنسبة 0.51 ٪– 0.37 ٪ و 0.43 ٪– 0.17 ٪ على التوالي. ومع ذلك، فإن النمو الاقتصادي والابتكارات المتعلقة بالبيئة تحفز انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة، مما يعني أن بلدان الشمال الأوروبي تفصل الأداء الاقتصادي عن النكسات البيئية وسط التحول الهيكلي عبر الابتكارات التكنولوجية. تعتبر النتائج هائلة لخصوصية سياسة مزيج الطاقة خاصة في الدنمارك وفنلندا والنرويج والسويد.

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    Journal of Cleaner Production
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      Journal of Cleaner Production
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Seyi Saint Akadiri; Andrew Adewale Alola;

    The prevailing political atmosphere and partisanship in the United States depict the degree of polarization between the two major political parties of the country. Evidently, the polarization between the Democratic Party (DP) and the Republican Party will expectedly drive the partisan conflict to the higher levels. Considering this motivation, this paper examined the role of partisan conflict in the pollutant emissions in the case of the United States. For sound empirical analysis, the impacts of other environmental quality determinants are being examined over the period 1960-2015. In order to present a decent argument that is viable for policy implementation, the study adopts the combined methodologies of Johansen cointegration; the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) of Pesaran et al. J Am Stat Assoc 94(446):621-634 (1999); and the Toda and Yamamoto J Econ 66(1-2):225-250 (1995) Granger causality. Empirical outcomes show (i) the kg oil equivalent per capita energy consumed exercise positive and significant impacts on metric tons of per capita CO2 emissions, and it is the principal determinant of environmental degradation in both the short-run and the long-run (ii) renewable energy consumption and economic growth also exercise negative and significant impacts on metric tons of per capita CO2 emissions. Based on our empirical findings, we conclude that partisan conflict indirectly plays a significant role in environmental sustainability targets of the United States. Thus, we are of the opinion that the government should avoid heightened partisan conflict among the political parties in order to promote sustainable environmental policies that would enhance sound and clean environment for both the immediate and the future generation.

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    Environmental Science and Pollution Research
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Environmental Scienc...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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    Authors: HU Bang-yong; Andrew Adewale Alola; Muhammad Zubair Tauni; Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo; +1 Authors

    Alors que les objectifs de développement durable (ODD) 13 et 7 sont de plus en plus explorés dans la recherche sur le changement climatique, la financiarisation reste un élément fondamental du discours sur le développement des énergies propres et renouvelables. Cette étude se concentre sur une reconfiguration des politiques qui pourrait être nécessaire pour faire progresser l'environnement propre au Canada. Plus précisément, la recherche évalue le co-mouvement des émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), le développement financier, l'électricité renouvelable et la croissance économique. Les données, qui englobent les périodes trimestrielles de 1984Q1 à 2021Q4, sont analysées via la nouvelle méthode de corrélation multiple locale en ondelettes. Cette méthode est capable de capturer l'effet de deux ou trois variables indépendantes sur la variable dépendante à différentes fréquences et périodes. Dans cette étude, les résultats montrent que la croissance économique intensifie la détérioration écologique à toutes les périodes, même si l'utilisation d'électricité renouvelable et le développement financier limitent la détérioration écologique à moyen et long terme. En outre, le développement financier et la consommation d'électricité renouvelable favorisent la croissance économique à court, moyen et long terme. Sur la base de ces conclusions, un programme politique qui s'appuie sur les ODD est proposé. Bien que ce cadre politique vise à atteindre les objectifs des ODD 13 et 7 au Canada, il peut être étendu à d'autres pays développés. Si bien los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 13 y 7 se exploran cada vez más en la investigación sobre el cambio climático, la financiarización sigue siendo una parte fundamental del discurso sobre el desarrollo de energías limpias y renovables. Este estudio se centra en una reconfiguración de políticas que puede ser necesaria para avanzar aún más en el medio ambiente limpio en Canadá. Más precisamente, la investigación evalúa el co-movimiento de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2), el desarrollo financiero, la electricidad renovable y el crecimiento económico. Los datos, que abarcan los períodos trimestrales de 1984T1 a 2021T4, se analizan mediante el novedoso método de correlación múltiple local wavelet. Este método es capaz de captar el efecto de dos o tres variables independientes sobre la variable dependiente a diferentes frecuencias y periodos. En este estudio, los resultados muestran que el crecimiento económico intensifica el deterioro ecológico en todos los períodos, incluso cuando la utilización de electricidad renovable y el desarrollo financiero restringen el deterioro ecológico a mediano y largo plazo. Adicionalmente, el desarrollo financiero y el consumo de electricidad renovable promueven el crecimiento económico a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Sobre la base de estos hallazgos, se propone una agenda de políticas que se basa en los ODS. Aunque este marco de políticas tiene como objetivo lograr los objetivos de los ODS 13 y 7 en Canadá, puede extenderse a otros países desarrollados. While Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 13 and 7 are increasingly being explored in climate change research, financialization remains a fundamental part of the discourse on clean and renewable energy development. This study focuses on a policy reconfiguration that may be necessary to further advance clean environment in Canada. More precisely, the research evaluates the co-movement of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, financial development, renewable electricity and economic growth. The data, which encompass the quarterly periods from 1984Q1 to 2021Q4, are analysed via the novel wavelet local multiple correlation method. This method is capable of capturing the effect of two or three independent variables on the dependent variable at different frequencies and periods. In this study, the results show that economic growth intensifies ecological deterioration in all periods even as renewable electricity utilisation and financial development restrict ecological deterioration in the medium and long term. Additionally, financial development and renewable electricity consumption promote economic growth in the short, medium and long term. On the basis of these findings, a policy agenda that builds on the SDGs is proposed. Although this policy framework aims to achieve the objectives of SDG 13 and 7 in Canada, it may be extended to other developed countries. في حين يتم استكشاف هدفي التنمية المستدامة 13 و 7 بشكل متزايد في أبحاث تغير المناخ، لا يزال التمويل جزءًا أساسيًا من الخطاب حول تطوير الطاقة النظيفة والمتجددة. تركز هذه الدراسة على إعادة تشكيل السياسة التي قد تكون ضرورية لتعزيز البيئة النظيفة في كندا. وبشكل أكثر دقة، يقيّم البحث الحركة المشتركة لانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون (CO2)، والتنمية المالية، والكهرباء المتجددة، والنمو الاقتصادي. يتم تحليل البيانات، التي تشمل الفترات الفصلية من 1984 الربع الأول إلى 2021 الربع الرابع، من خلال طريقة الارتباط المتعدد المحلي للموجات الجديدة. هذه الطريقة قادرة على التقاط تأثير متغيرين أو ثلاثة متغيرات مستقلة على المتغير التابع عند ترددات وفترات مختلفة. في هذه الدراسة، تظهر النتائج أن النمو الاقتصادي يكثف التدهور البيئي في جميع الفترات حتى مع تقييد استخدام الكهرباء المتجددة والتنمية المالية للتدهور البيئي على المدى المتوسط والطويل. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإن التنمية المالية واستهلاك الكهرباء المتجددة يعززان النمو الاقتصادي على المدى القصير والمتوسط والطويل. وعلى أساس هذه النتائج، يُقترح جدول أعمال للسياسات يستند إلى أهداف التنمية المستدامة. على الرغم من أن إطار السياسة هذا يهدف إلى تحقيق أهداف هدفي التنمية المستدامة 13 و 7 في كندا، إلا أنه يمكن توسيعه ليشمل دولًا متقدمة أخرى.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Structural Change an...arrow_drop_down
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    Structural Change and Economic Dynamics
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2023
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      Structural Change and Economic Dynamics
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    Authors: Chinazaekpere Nwani; Festus V. Bekun; Bright A. Gyamfi; Ekpeno L. Effiong; +1 Authors

    AbstractSustainable use of natural resources would entail ensuring that derived economic benefits today do not undermine the welfare of generations to come. On this basis, this study examines the nexus between natural resource rents and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions disaggregated into production and consumption‐based (i.e., trade‐adjusted) CO2 emissions for a selected panel of 45 developing and transition economies over the period 1995–2017. The empirical model also incorporates the impacts of population, affluence, and energy intensity. The results show that affluence increases production‐based CO2 emissions by 1.407%, with the EKC's predicted inverted U‐shaped curve only explaining consumption‐based CO2 emissions. Economic reliance on natural resource rents and energy intensification contribute 0.022% and 0.766%, respectively, to CO2 emissions embedded in territorial production inventories and 0.035% and 0.583%, respectively, to CO2 emissions embedded in consumption inventories. The bootstrap non‐causality test shows that historical data on each variable has significant predictive power for future CO2 emissions from both sources. The historical information about natural resource rents has significant predictive power over the future levels of affluence and energy intensity. Clearly, the results show that the environmental impact of natural resource rents is stronger when CO2 emissions are adjusted for trade and varies among the countries, with Bangladesh, Guinea, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe among the most affected countries. Overall, this study provides motivation for policies to keep the use of natural resources within sustainable limits.

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    Natural Resources Forum
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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      Natural Resources Forum
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Saint Akadiri, Seyi; Alola, Andrew Adewale; Alola, Uju Violet; Nwambe, Chioma Sylvia;

    In addition to the adverse effect of extreme weather and weather variation across the globe, the ecological deficit accounting associated with the USA is perceived to have further worsen the country's environmental quality. Considering the aforementioned motivation, this study examined the effects of cooling degree days, heating degree days and ecological footprint on environmental degradation in the USA over the period of 1960 to 2016. While employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Bounds testing to cointegration approaches, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is further incorporated in the estimation model to avoid estimation bias thus enhancing a robust estimate. The result overwhelmingly found that the cooling degree days, the heating degree days and the ecological footprint accounting aggravates the country's environmental degradation. Worse still, the study further presents that there is short-run adverse impacts of the heating and cooling degree days, and the short-run and long-run ecological footprint on the country's environmental sustainability. Moreover, there is statistical evidence that the income growth in the USA especially in the long run will not also improve the environmental quality. Irrespective of the income-environmental degradation long-run relationship, the relieving impact of income growth on environmental degradation is observed in the short run. In general, the study presents relevant policy pathway for implementation.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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      Environmental Science and Pollution Research
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Alors que l'accès à l'énergie s'améliore dans tous les groupes économiques du monde, il reste le défi monumental de l'inégalité des énergies propres qui aggrave encore les problèmes liés au climat. Pour mieux lutter contre les inégalités en matière d'énergie propre, cette étude offre une nouvelle compréhension des forces à l'origine de la fracture de l'accès à l'énergie propre associée à l'urbanisation et à la ruralisation en utilisant le cas des économies à revenu élevé, faible, intermédiaire inférieur et intermédiaire supérieur entre 2010 et 2021. En utilisant une analyse empirique, les résultats révèlent que (i) la croissance annuelle de l'économie et (ii) la parité d'alphabétisation entre les hommes et les femmes aggravent encore l'accès à l'énergie propre entre les populations urbaines et rurales. Au contraire, les activités innovantes réduisent l'accès à l'énergie propre urbaine-rurale d'une élasticité de 3,510. Ces résultats, en théorie et en pratique, fournissent des informations sur les politiques visant à atteindre spécifiquement les objectifs de développement durable 7 et 10 des Nations Unies, ainsi que d'autres défis mondiaux. Si bien el acceso a la energía está mejorando en todos los grupos económicos a nivel mundial, aquí permanece el desafío monumental de la desigualdad de energía limpia que ha agravado aún más los problemas relacionados con el clima. Para abordar aún más la desigualdad de energía limpia, este estudio ofrece una comprensión novedosa de las fuerzas detrás de la brecha de acceso a la energía limpia asociada con la urbanización y la ruralización mediante el empleo del caso de las economías de ingresos altos, bajos, medios-bajos y medios-altos en el período 2010 a 2021. Mediante el uso de análisis empíricos, los resultados revelan que (i) el crecimiento anual de la economía y (ii) la paridad de alfabetización entre hombres y mujeres empeoran aún más el acceso a la energía limpia entre la población urbana y rural. Por el contrario, las actividades innovadoras reducen el acceso a la energía limpia urbana-rural en una elasticidad de 3.510. Estos hallazgos, en teoría y en la práctica, proporcionan información sobre políticas para lograr específicamente los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 7 y 10 de las Naciones Unidas, y otros desafíos globales. While energy access is improving across economic groups globally, here remains the monumental challenge of clean energy inequality that has further aggravates climate-related problems. To further address clean energy inequality, this study offers novel understanding on the forces behind clean energy access divide associated with urbanization and ruralization by employing the case of the high, low, lower-middle, and upper-middle income economies in the period 2010 to 2021. By using empirical analysis, the results reveal that (i) annual growth in the economy, and (ii) literacy parity between male and female further worsen clean energy access between urban and rural population. Contrarily, innovative activities reduce urban-rural clean energy access by an elasticity of 3.510. These findings, in theory and practice, provide policy insight toward specifically achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 10, and other global challenges. في حين أن الوصول إلى الطاقة يتحسن عبر المجموعات الاقتصادية على مستوى العالم، لا يزال هنا التحدي الهائل المتمثل في عدم المساواة في الطاقة النظيفة الذي يزيد من تفاقم المشاكل المتعلقة بالمناخ. ولمزيد من معالجة عدم المساواة في الطاقة النظيفة، تقدم هذه الدراسة فهمًا جديدًا للقوى الكامنة وراء فجوة الوصول إلى الطاقة النظيفة المرتبطة بالتوسع الحضري والريفي من خلال توظيف حالة الاقتصادات ذات الدخل المرتفع والمنخفض والمتوسط الأدنى والمتوسط الأعلى في الفترة من 2010 إلى 2021. باستخدام التحليل التجريبي، تكشف النتائج أن (1) النمو السنوي في الاقتصاد، و (2) تكافؤ محو الأمية بين الذكور والإناث يزيد من سوء الوصول إلى الطاقة النظيفة بين سكان الحضر والريف. على النقيض من ذلك، تقلل الأنشطة المبتكرة من الوصول إلى الطاقة النظيفة بين المناطق الحضرية والريفية بمرونة تبلغ 3.510. توفر هذه النتائج، من الناحية النظرية والعملية، نظرة ثاقبة للسياسات نحو تحقيق هدفي التنمية المستدامة للأمم المتحدة 7 و 10 على وجه التحديد، والتحديات العالمية الأخرى.

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    Energy Policy
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Energy Policy
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Kemal Eyyüboğlu; Saffet Akdağ; Hakan Yildirim; Andrew Adewale Alola;

    Due to economic activities intensification associated with the developing countries, the relationship between population density and energy density in urban areas becomes an important issue in the energy studies. In this study, the relationship between energy intensity and urbanization is examined in 23 developing countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, and Uruguay) over the period 1990–2015. The cointegration and causality relationships between variables are examined using Westerlund (2007) cointegration and Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) Granger causality tests. The cointegration test results revealed that there is no long-term relationship between variables. However, the Granger causality test results showed that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between energy density and urbanization, energy density and economic growth, economic growth and energy density in the short-term. Thus, the result posit a policy direction that could guide the governments of the respective economies especially on achieving a sustainable environment to avoid feasible consequence of trade-off between energy and population growth.

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    Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences
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    AbstractIn spite of the vital role entrepreneurship plays in an economy, recent observations especially from the perspective of climate-related economic activities are indications for the inclusive probe of other salient elements responsible for environmental challenges. Considering the aforementioned framework, therefore, this study explores the asymmetric impact of entrepreneurship on the environmental quality for a developing economy such as Turkey. In a unique dimension, this study utilizes the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model with the aid of yearly data from 1985–2016 while incorporating other related determinants of environmental sustainability. The estimation results depict the presence of asymmetric short-run and long-run impact of the explanatory variables on environmental quality. Interestingly, the results confirm a negative impact of entrepreneurial activities, energy utilization, financial development, and economic growth on the environmental quality irrespective of the nature (either positive or negative) of the shock in the short and long run. However, a positive (negative) shock in trade openness worsens (improve) environmental quality in the short and long run. Furthermore, the investigation affirms the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for Turkey. The main outcome from this paper shows that entrepreneurship has a crucial effect on the environment of Turkey. Generally, this study suggests the introduction of incentives to motivate the creation of sustainable businesses, technological innovation, and smart cities to mitigate its negative impact on the environment is far begging for critical attention in the country.

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    International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/07...
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      International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/07...
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    Authors: Sinan Erdogan; Ugur Korkut Pata; Andrew Adewale Alola;

    Cutting the global economy's dependence on coal has always been seen as one of the most effective measures to reduce carbon emissions and ensure environmental sustainability. However, the demand for coal can vary greatly from country to country. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to identify where the countries with the highest coal consumption stand in reducing coal dependence in energy supply from 1997 to 2021 by utilizing panel data methods and accounting for the possible occurrence of cross-sectional dependence. The empirical results denote that (i) the models used are cross-sectionally independent, (ii) there is a long-run relationship between the variables (iii) rising economic growth upsurges coal demand, while its square reduces coal consumption; therefore, the coal-Kuznets curve is valid; (iv) population density and industrialization boost coal consumption, while demand for natural gas and renewable energy reduces it. Based on the empirical outcomes, the study suggests that natural gas should be promoted alongside renewables to displace coal consumption globally, and that countries should consider the coal-Kuznets curve to channel the increased revenues into clean energy investments.

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    Energy Strategy Reviews
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energy Strategy Reviews
    Article . 2024
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      Energy Strategy Reviews
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      Energy Strategy Reviews
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    Authors: Festus Fatai Adedoyin; Andrew Adewale Alola; Festus Victor Bekun;

    Given that the European Union-28 countries proposed a target of 3% of the Gross Domestic Product on research and development (R&D) expenditure by 2020, the current study attempts to examine the role of R&D on environmental sustainability. In addition, the study further investigates the long-run and causal interaction between, renewable energy consumption, nonrenewable energy consumption, and economic growth in an ecological footprint-income function. Notably, the study incorporates research and development (R&D) expenditure to the model as an additional variable, and measures impact of each variable on ecological footprint. Empirical evidence is based on a balanced panel data between annual periods of 1997-2014 for selected EU-16 countries. The Pedroni, Johansen Multivariate and Kao tests all reveal a cointegration between ecological footprint, economic growth, research and development expenditure, renewable, and nonrenewable energy consumption. The Fully Modified and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares models (FMOLS and DOLS) both suggest a negative significant relationship between the countries' research and development expenditure and ecological footprint in the long-run. This implies that spending on R&D significantly impacts on environmental sustainability of the panel countries. Our study affirms that nonrenewable energy consumption and economic growth increase carbon emission flaring while renewable energy consumption declines ecological footprint. The panel causality analysis reveals a feedback mechanism between ecological footprint, R&D expenditure, renewable, and nonrenewable energy consumption. We further observed a one-way causality between ecological footprint and economic growth. The current further validates that the Environmental Kuznet Curve Hypothesis (EKC) holds for this panel of EU countries examined. Effective policy implications could be drawn toward modern and environmentally friendly energy sources, especially in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals via spending on R&D.

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    The Science of The Total Environment
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      The Science of The Total Environment
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Ces dernières années, l'efficacité de l'intensité énergétique s'est améliorée dans les États nordiques et en grande partie parmi les États membres de l'Union européenne, ce qui explique les performances impressionnantes de la région en termes de durabilité environnementale. De toute évidence, il existe peu de littérature sur la criticité de l'efficacité/de l'intensité des énergies renouvelables par rapport à l'efficacité des combustibles fossiles désagrégés. Pour offrir plus de nouveauté, le (dé) mérite de la durabilité environnementale de l'intensité énergétique renouvelable est comparé à l'efficacité énergétique fossile (pétrole, gaz naturel et charbon) dans le panel des États nordiques sur la période 1990–2020 en utilisant des approches économétriques pertinentes telles que le décalage distribué autorégressif transversal (CS-ARDL). Il est important de noter que le résultat montre qu'une augmentation en pourcentage de l'intensité de l'énergie renouvelable atténue les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) d'environ0,45% contre environ0,29% par l'efficacité énergétique du pétrole à long terme, suggérant ainsi que la performance environnementale de l'intensité de l'énergie renouvelable l'emporte sur l'utilisation efficace du mazout. En outre, l'intensité de l'énergie renouvelable surpasse également l'utilisation efficace du gaz naturel et de l'énergie du charbon d'environ0,51 % à0,37 % et d'environ0,43 % à0,17 % respectivement. Cependant, la croissance économique et les innovations liées à l'environnement stimulent les émissions de GES, ce qui implique que les pays nordiques découplent la performance économique des revers environnementaux dans un contexte de changement structurel par le biais d'innovations technologiques. Les résultats sont considérés comme formidables pour la spécificité de la politique du bouquet énergétique, en particulier au Danemark, en Finlande, en Norvège et en Suède. En los últimos años, la eficiencia energética ha mejorado en los estados nórdicos y en gran medida entre los estados miembros de la Unión Europea, lo que explica el impresionante desempeño de la región en términos de sostenibilidad ambiental. Claramente, hay poca literatura sobre la criticidad de la eficiencia/intensidad de la energía renovable en comparación con la eficiencia desagregada de los combustibles fósiles. Para ofrecer más novedad, la sostenibilidad ambiental (de) mérito de la intensidad de la energía renovable se compara con la eficiencia de los combustibles fósiles (petróleo, gas natural y carbón) en el panel de estados nórdicos durante el período 1990–2020 mediante el empleo de enfoques econométricos relevantes, como el retraso distribuido autorregresivo transversal (CS-ARDL). Es importante destacar que el resultado muestra que un aumento porcentual en la intensidad de la energía renovable mitiga las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en ~0.45% frente a ~0.29% por la eficiencia energética del petróleo a largo plazo, lo que sugiere que el desempeño ambiental de la intensidad de la energía renovable supera el uso eficiente del combustible de petróleo. Además, la intensidad de la energía renovable también supera el uso eficiente de la energía del gas natural y del carbón en ~0.51%–~0.37% y ~0.43%–~0.17%, respectivamente. Sin embargo, el crecimiento económico y las innovaciones relacionadas con el medio ambiente estimulan las emisiones de GEI, lo que implica que los países nórdicos están desacoplando el rendimiento económico de los contratiempos ambientales en medio de un cambio estructural a través de las innovaciones tecnológicas. Los resultados se consideran formidables para la especificidad de la política de combinación energética, especialmente en Dinamarca, Finlandia, Noruega y Suecia. In recent years, energy intensity-efficiency has improved in the Nordic states and largely among the European Union member states, thus accounting for the region's impressive performance in terms of environmental sustainability. Clearly, there is paucity of literature on the criticality of renewable energy efficiency/intensity as compared with disaggregated fossil fuel efficiency. To offer more novelty, environmental sustainability (de) merit of renewable energy intensity is compared with fossil (oil, natural gas, and coal) fuel efficiency in the panel of Nordic states over the period 1990–2020 by employing relevant econometric approaches such as the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL). Importantly, the result shows that a percentage increase in renewable energy intensity mitigates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by ∼0.45% against ∼0.29% by oil energy efficiency in the long run, thus suggesting that environmental performance of renewable energy intensity outweighs the efficient use of oil fuel. Additionally, renewable energy intensity also outperforms efficient use of natural gas and coal energy by ∼0.51%–∼0.37% and ∼0.43%–∼0.17% respectively. However, economic growth and environmental-related innovations spur GHG emissions, implying that the Nordic countries are decoupling economic performance from environmental setbacks amidst structural shift via technological innovations. The results are considered formidable for the specificity of energy mix policy especially in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. في السنوات الأخيرة، تحسنت كفاءة استخدام الطاقة في دول الشمال الأوروبي وإلى حد كبير بين الدول الأعضاء في الاتحاد الأوروبي، مما يمثل الأداء المثير للإعجاب في المنطقة من حيث الاستدامة البيئية. من الواضح أن هناك ندرة في الأدبيات حول أهمية كفاءة/كثافة الطاقة المتجددة مقارنة بكفاءة الوقود الأحفوري المصنفة. لتقديم المزيد من الحداثة، تتم مقارنة ميزة الاستدامة البيئية لكثافة الطاقة المتجددة بكفاءة الوقود الأحفوري (النفط والغاز الطبيعي والفحم) في لجنة دول الشمال الأوروبي خلال الفترة 1990–2020 من خلال استخدام مناهج الاقتصاد القياسي ذات الصلة مثل التأخر الموزع الانحداري المستعرض (CS - ARDL). الأهم من ذلك، تظهر النتيجة أن الزيادة المئوية في كثافة الطاقة المتجددة تخفف من انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة بنسبة 0.45 ٪ مقابل 0.29 ٪ من كفاءة الطاقة النفطية على المدى الطويل، مما يشير إلى أن الأداء البيئي لكثافة الطاقة المتجددة يفوق الاستخدام الفعال لوقود النفط. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تتفوق كثافة الطاقة المتجددة أيضًا على الاستخدام الفعال للغاز الطبيعي وطاقة الفحم بنسبة 0.51 ٪– 0.37 ٪ و 0.43 ٪– 0.17 ٪ على التوالي. ومع ذلك، فإن النمو الاقتصادي والابتكارات المتعلقة بالبيئة تحفز انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة، مما يعني أن بلدان الشمال الأوروبي تفصل الأداء الاقتصادي عن النكسات البيئية وسط التحول الهيكلي عبر الابتكارات التكنولوجية. تعتبر النتائج هائلة لخصوصية سياسة مزيج الطاقة خاصة في الدنمارك وفنلندا والنرويج والسويد.

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    Journal of Cleaner Production
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      Journal of Cleaner Production
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Seyi Saint Akadiri; Andrew Adewale Alola;

    The prevailing political atmosphere and partisanship in the United States depict the degree of polarization between the two major political parties of the country. Evidently, the polarization between the Democratic Party (DP) and the Republican Party will expectedly drive the partisan conflict to the higher levels. Considering this motivation, this paper examined the role of partisan conflict in the pollutant emissions in the case of the United States. For sound empirical analysis, the impacts of other environmental quality determinants are being examined over the period 1960-2015. In order to present a decent argument that is viable for policy implementation, the study adopts the combined methodologies of Johansen cointegration; the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) of Pesaran et al. J Am Stat Assoc 94(446):621-634 (1999); and the Toda and Yamamoto J Econ 66(1-2):225-250 (1995) Granger causality. Empirical outcomes show (i) the kg oil equivalent per capita energy consumed exercise positive and significant impacts on metric tons of per capita CO2 emissions, and it is the principal determinant of environmental degradation in both the short-run and the long-run (ii) renewable energy consumption and economic growth also exercise negative and significant impacts on metric tons of per capita CO2 emissions. Based on our empirical findings, we conclude that partisan conflict indirectly plays a significant role in environmental sustainability targets of the United States. Thus, we are of the opinion that the government should avoid heightened partisan conflict among the political parties in order to promote sustainable environmental policies that would enhance sound and clean environment for both the immediate and the future generation.

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    Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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      Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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    Authors: HU Bang-yong; Andrew Adewale Alola; Muhammad Zubair Tauni; Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo; +1 Authors

    Alors que les objectifs de développement durable (ODD) 13 et 7 sont de plus en plus explorés dans la recherche sur le changement climatique, la financiarisation reste un élément fondamental du discours sur le développement des énergies propres et renouvelables. Cette étude se concentre sur une reconfiguration des politiques qui pourrait être nécessaire pour faire progresser l'environnement propre au Canada. Plus précisément, la recherche évalue le co-mouvement des émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), le développement financier, l'électricité renouvelable et la croissance économique. Les données, qui englobent les périodes trimestrielles de 1984Q1 à 2021Q4, sont analysées via la nouvelle méthode de corrélation multiple locale en ondelettes. Cette méthode est capable de capturer l'effet de deux ou trois variables indépendantes sur la variable dépendante à différentes fréquences et périodes. Dans cette étude, les résultats montrent que la croissance économique intensifie la détérioration écologique à toutes les périodes, même si l'utilisation d'électricité renouvelable et le développement financier limitent la détérioration écologique à moyen et long terme. En outre, le développement financier et la consommation d'électricité renouvelable favorisent la croissance économique à court, moyen et long terme. Sur la base de ces conclusions, un programme politique qui s'appuie sur les ODD est proposé. Bien que ce cadre politique vise à atteindre les objectifs des ODD 13 et 7 au Canada, il peut être étendu à d'autres pays développés. Si bien los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 13 y 7 se exploran cada vez más en la investigación sobre el cambio climático, la financiarización sigue siendo una parte fundamental del discurso sobre el desarrollo de energías limpias y renovables. Este estudio se centra en una reconfiguración de políticas que puede ser necesaria para avanzar aún más en el medio ambiente limpio en Canadá. Más precisamente, la investigación evalúa el co-movimiento de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2), el desarrollo financiero, la electricidad renovable y el crecimiento económico. Los datos, que abarcan los períodos trimestrales de 1984T1 a 2021T4, se analizan mediante el novedoso método de correlación múltiple local wavelet. Este método es capaz de captar el efecto de dos o tres variables independientes sobre la variable dependiente a diferentes frecuencias y periodos. En este estudio, los resultados muestran que el crecimiento económico intensifica el deterioro ecológico en todos los períodos, incluso cuando la utilización de electricidad renovable y el desarrollo financiero restringen el deterioro ecológico a mediano y largo plazo. Adicionalmente, el desarrollo financiero y el consumo de electricidad renovable promueven el crecimiento económico a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Sobre la base de estos hallazgos, se propone una agenda de políticas que se basa en los ODS. Aunque este marco de políticas tiene como objetivo lograr los objetivos de los ODS 13 y 7 en Canadá, puede extenderse a otros países desarrollados. While Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 13 and 7 are increasingly being explored in climate change research, financialization remains a fundamental part of the discourse on clean and renewable energy development. This study focuses on a policy reconfiguration that may be necessary to further advance clean environment in Canada. More precisely, the research evaluates the co-movement of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, financial development, renewable electricity and economic growth. The data, which encompass the quarterly periods from 1984Q1 to 2021Q4, are analysed via the novel wavelet local multiple correlation method. This method is capable of capturing the effect of two or three independent variables on the dependent variable at different frequencies and periods. In this study, the results show that economic growth intensifies ecological deterioration in all periods even as renewable electricity utilisation and financial development restrict ecological deterioration in the medium and long term. Additionally, financial development and renewable electricity consumption promote economic growth in the short, medium and long term. On the basis of these findings, a policy agenda that builds on the SDGs is proposed. Although this policy framework aims to achieve the objectives of SDG 13 and 7 in Canada, it may be extended to other developed countries. في حين يتم استكشاف هدفي التنمية المستدامة 13 و 7 بشكل متزايد في أبحاث تغير المناخ، لا يزال التمويل جزءًا أساسيًا من الخطاب حول تطوير الطاقة النظيفة والمتجددة. تركز هذه الدراسة على إعادة تشكيل السياسة التي قد تكون ضرورية لتعزيز البيئة النظيفة في كندا. وبشكل أكثر دقة، يقيّم البحث الحركة المشتركة لانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون (CO2)، والتنمية المالية، والكهرباء المتجددة، والنمو الاقتصادي. يتم تحليل البيانات، التي تشمل الفترات الفصلية من 1984 الربع الأول إلى 2021 الربع الرابع، من خلال طريقة الارتباط المتعدد المحلي للموجات الجديدة. هذه الطريقة قادرة على التقاط تأثير متغيرين أو ثلاثة متغيرات مستقلة على المتغير التابع عند ترددات وفترات مختلفة. في هذه الدراسة، تظهر النتائج أن النمو الاقتصادي يكثف التدهور البيئي في جميع الفترات حتى مع تقييد استخدام الكهرباء المتجددة والتنمية المالية للتدهور البيئي على المدى المتوسط والطويل. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإن التنمية المالية واستهلاك الكهرباء المتجددة يعززان النمو الاقتصادي على المدى القصير والمتوسط والطويل. وعلى أساس هذه النتائج، يُقترح جدول أعمال للسياسات يستند إلى أهداف التنمية المستدامة. على الرغم من أن إطار السياسة هذا يهدف إلى تحقيق أهداف هدفي التنمية المستدامة 13 و 7 في كندا، إلا أنه يمكن توسيعه ليشمل دولًا متقدمة أخرى.

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    Structural Change and Economic Dynamics
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      Structural Change and Economic Dynamics
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Chinazaekpere Nwani; Festus V. Bekun; Bright A. Gyamfi; Ekpeno L. Effiong; +1 Authors

    AbstractSustainable use of natural resources would entail ensuring that derived economic benefits today do not undermine the welfare of generations to come. On this basis, this study examines the nexus between natural resource rents and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions disaggregated into production and consumption‐based (i.e., trade‐adjusted) CO2 emissions for a selected panel of 45 developing and transition economies over the period 1995–2017. The empirical model also incorporates the impacts of population, affluence, and energy intensity. The results show that affluence increases production‐based CO2 emissions by 1.407%, with the EKC's predicted inverted U‐shaped curve only explaining consumption‐based CO2 emissions. Economic reliance on natural resource rents and energy intensification contribute 0.022% and 0.766%, respectively, to CO2 emissions embedded in territorial production inventories and 0.035% and 0.583%, respectively, to CO2 emissions embedded in consumption inventories. The bootstrap non‐causality test shows that historical data on each variable has significant predictive power for future CO2 emissions from both sources. The historical information about natural resource rents has significant predictive power over the future levels of affluence and energy intensity. Clearly, the results show that the environmental impact of natural resource rents is stronger when CO2 emissions are adjusted for trade and varies among the countries, with Bangladesh, Guinea, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe among the most affected countries. Overall, this study provides motivation for policies to keep the use of natural resources within sustainable limits.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IGU Institutional Op...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Natural Resources Forum
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IGU Institutional Op...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Natural Resources Forum
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Saint Akadiri, Seyi; Alola, Andrew Adewale; Alola, Uju Violet; Nwambe, Chioma Sylvia;

    In addition to the adverse effect of extreme weather and weather variation across the globe, the ecological deficit accounting associated with the USA is perceived to have further worsen the country's environmental quality. Considering the aforementioned motivation, this study examined the effects of cooling degree days, heating degree days and ecological footprint on environmental degradation in the USA over the period of 1960 to 2016. While employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Bounds testing to cointegration approaches, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is further incorporated in the estimation model to avoid estimation bias thus enhancing a robust estimate. The result overwhelmingly found that the cooling degree days, the heating degree days and the ecological footprint accounting aggravates the country's environmental degradation. Worse still, the study further presents that there is short-run adverse impacts of the heating and cooling degree days, and the short-run and long-run ecological footprint on the country's environmental sustainability. Moreover, there is statistical evidence that the income growth in the USA especially in the long run will not also improve the environmental quality. Irrespective of the income-environmental degradation long-run relationship, the relieving impact of income growth on environmental degradation is observed in the short run. In general, the study presents relevant policy pathway for implementation.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IGU Institutional Op...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IGU Institutional Op...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Environmental Science and Pollution Research
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Springer TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

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