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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Abigael Okoko; Juergen Reinhard; orcid Susanne Wymann von Dach;
    Susanne Wymann von Dach
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    En raison de sa disponibilité et de son abordabilité pour les populations les plus pauvres, l'énergie de la biomasse à base de bois reste vitale pour répondre aux demandes énergétiques locales – en particulier pour le combustible de cuisson – dans de nombreuses régions du monde en développement. Cependant, la pénurie croissante de matières premières (par exemple en raison de la déforestation) associée aux résultats socio-économiques et environnementaux négatifs des technologies de production et de consommation inefficaces, il est impératif d'identifier des solutions énergétiques alternatives qui profitent aux personnes sans nuire à l'environnement. En effet, la lutte contre la pauvreté énergétique est cruciale pour les efforts visant à atteindre les objectifs de développement durable au niveau des ménages. Cependant, les interventions visant à réduire la pauvreté énergétique doivent simultanément rechercher des solutions susceptibles de réduire l'empreinte carbone des personnes. Les empreintes carbone, ou les quantités d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre liées à des activités particulières, sont associées au changement climatique et à ses impacts. À l'échelle mondiale, les appels se sont intensifiés pour réduire l'empreinte carbone de la consommation d'énergie, y compris l'utilisation de combustibles issus de la biomasse. Au niveau local, les problèmes liés au changement climatique sont de plus en plus considérés comme des menaces particulières pour les communautés déjà vulnérables. Le présent article évalue l'empreinte carbone des solutions alternatives d'énergie de la biomasse pour la cuisson, en tant qu'aspect clé de leur performance environnementale. Il compare l'empreinte carbone du bois de chauffage, du charbon de bois, du biogaz, de l'huile de jatropha et des briquettes de résidus de culture. La recherche se concentre sur des technologies sélectionnées pour la production et la consommation d'énergie de la biomasse dans deux sites d'étude de cas dans des contextes ruraux et urbains du Kenya et de la Tanzanie. L'empreinte carbone est appliquée comme une approche méthodologique pour évaluer les options technologiques pour le développement durable dans les économies en développement connaissant une croissance démographique rapide, l'urbanisation et le développement industriel. Les résultats indiquent que la chaîne de valeur du charbon de bois non améliorée a une grande empreinte carbone. La chaîne de valeur de l'huile de jatropha semble détenir le plus grand potentiel de réduction de l'empreinte carbone, à condition que la matière première soit cultivée sous forme de couvertures autour des parcelles. Cependant, le potentiel de rendement limité des couvertures remet en question la viabilité économique de cette solution. Les résultats montrent en outre que l'empreinte carbone peut aider à sensibiliser et à informer les parties prenantes et les décideurs sur les chaînes de valeur de l'énergie de la biomasse alternatives et plus adaptées à l'environnement. Cependant, toute évaluation de la durabilité globale de ces chaînes de valeur devrait également intégrer les aspects socio-économiques et les facteurs influençant l'adoption. Debido a su disponibilidad y asequibilidad para las poblaciones más pobres, la energía de la biomasa a base de madera sigue siendo vital para satisfacer las demandas locales de energía, especialmente para el combustible para cocinar, en muchas regiones del mundo en desarrollo. Sin embargo, el aumento de la escasez de materias primas (por ejemplo, debido a la deforestación), junto con los resultados socioeconómicos y ambientales negativos de las tecnologías ineficientes de producción y consumo, hacen que sea imperativo identificar soluciones energéticas alternativas que beneficien a las personas sin dañar el medio ambiente. De hecho, abordar la pobreza energética es crucial para los esfuerzos destinados a cumplir los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible a nivel de los hogares. Sin embargo, las intervenciones destinadas a reducir la pobreza energética deben buscar simultáneamente soluciones que puedan reducir la huella de carbono de las personas. Las huellas de carbono, o las cantidades de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero vinculadas a actividades particulares, están asociadas con el cambio climático y sus impactos. A nivel mundial, se han intensificado los llamamientos para reducir la huella de carbono del uso de energía, incluido el uso de combustibles de biomasa. A nivel local, los problemas del cambio climático se consideran cada vez más como amenazas particulares para las comunidades ya vulnerables. El presente documento evalúa las huellas de carbono de las soluciones alternativas de energía de biomasa para cocinar, como un aspecto clave de su desempeño ambiental. Compara las huellas de carbono de la leña, el carbón vegetal, el biogás, el aceite de jatrofa y las briquetas de residuos de cultivos. La investigación se centra en tecnologías seleccionadas para la producción y el consumo de energía de biomasa en dos sitios de estudio de casos en contextos rurales y urbanos de Kenia y Tanzania. La huella de carbono se aplica como un enfoque metodológico para evaluar las opciones tecnológicas para el desarrollo sostenible en las economías en desarrollo que experimentan un rápido crecimiento demográfico, urbanización y desarrollo industrial. Los resultados indican que la cadena de valor del carbón vegetal no mejorada tiene una gran huella de carbono. La cadena de valor del aceite de jatrofa parece tener el mayor potencial de reducción de la huella de carbono, siempre y cuando la materia prima se cultive en forma de setos alrededor de las parcelas. Sin embargo, el limitado potencial de rendimiento de las coberturas pone en duda la viabilidad económica de esta solución. Los resultados muestran además que la huella de carbono puede ayudar a crear conciencia e informar a las partes interesadas y a los responsables de la toma de decisiones sobre cadenas de valor de energía de biomasa alternativas y ambientalmente más adecuadas. Sin embargo, cualquier evaluación de la sostenibilidad general de estas cadenas de valor también debe integrar los aspectos socioeconómicos y los factores que influyen en la adopción. Due to its availability and affordability for poorer populations, wood-based biomass energy remains vital in meeting local energy demands – especially for cooking fuel – in many regions of the developing world. However, increasing feedstock scarcity (e.g. due to deforestation) coupled with the negative socio-economic and environmental outcomes of inefficient production and consumption technologies make it imperative to identify alternative energy solutions that benefit people without harming the environment. Indeed, tackling energy poverty is crucial to efforts aimed at meeting sustainable development goals at the household level. However, interventions aimed at reducing energy poverty must simultaneously seek solutions that might reduce people's carbon footprint. Carbon footprints, or the amounts of greenhouse gas emissions linked to particular activities, are associated with climate change and its impacts. Globally, calls have intensified to reduce the carbon footprint of energy use, including use of biomass fuels. Locally, climate change issues are increasingly seen as posing particular threats to already vulnerable communities. The present paper evaluates the carbon footprints of alternative biomass energy solutions for cooking, as one key aspect of their environmental performance. It compares the carbon footprints of firewood, charcoal, biogas, jatropha oil, and crop residue briquettes. The research focuses on selected technologies for biomass energy production and consumption in two case study sites in rural and urban contexts of Kenya and Tanzania. Carbon footprinting is applied as a methodological approach to evaluating technological options for sustainable development in developing economies undergoing rapid population growth, urbanization, and industrial development. Results indicate that the unimproved charcoal value chain has a big carbon footprint. The value chain for jatropha oil appears to hold the greatest potential for carbon footprint reductions, as long as the feedstock is grown in the form of hedges around plots. However, the limited yield potential of hedges calls into question the economic viability of this solution. Results further show that carbon footprinting can help to raise awareness and inform stakeholders and decision-makers about alternative, environmentally more suitable biomass energy value chains. However, any assessment of the overall sustainability of these value chains should also integrate socio-economic aspects and factors influencing adoption. نظرًا لتوافرها والقدرة على تحمل تكاليفها للسكان الأكثر فقرًا، تظل طاقة الكتلة الحيوية القائمة على الأخشاب حيوية في تلبية متطلبات الطاقة المحلية – خاصة لوقود الطهي – في العديد من مناطق العالم النامي. ومع ذلك، فإن زيادة ندرة المواد الوسيطة (على سبيل المثال بسبب إزالة الغابات) إلى جانب النتائج الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والبيئية السلبية لتقنيات الإنتاج والاستهلاك غير الفعالة تجعل من الضروري تحديد حلول الطاقة البديلة التي تفيد الناس دون الإضرار بالبيئة. والواقع أن معالجة فقر الطاقة أمر بالغ الأهمية للجهود الرامية إلى تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة على مستوى الأسر المعيشية. ومع ذلك، يجب أن تسعى التدخلات الرامية إلى الحد من فقر الطاقة في وقت واحد إلى إيجاد حلول قد تقلل من البصمة الكربونية للناس. ترتبط آثار الكربون، أو كميات انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة المرتبطة بأنشطة معينة، بتغير المناخ وآثاره. على الصعيد العالمي، تكثفت الدعوات للحد من البصمة الكربونية لاستخدام الطاقة، بما في ذلك استخدام وقود الكتلة الحيوية. وعلى الصعيد المحلي، يُنظر إلى قضايا تغير المناخ بشكل متزايد على أنها تشكل تهديدات خاصة للمجتمعات الضعيفة بالفعل. تقيّم هذه الورقة البصمات الكربونية لحلول طاقة الكتلة الحيوية البديلة للطهي، باعتبارها أحد الجوانب الرئيسية لأدائها البيئي. ويقارن البصمات الكربونية للحطب والفحم والغاز الحيوي وزيت الجاتروفا وقوالب بقايا المحاصيل. يركز البحث على تقنيات مختارة لإنتاج طاقة الكتلة الحيوية واستهلاكها في موقعين لدراسة الحالة في السياقات الريفية والحضرية في كينيا وتنزانيا. يتم تطبيق البصمة الكربونية كنهج منهجي لتقييم الخيارات التكنولوجية للتنمية المستدامة في الاقتصادات النامية التي تشهد نموًا سكانيًا سريعًا والتحضر والتنمية الصناعية. تشير النتائج إلى أن سلسلة قيمة الفحم غير المحسنة لها بصمة كربونية كبيرة. يبدو أن سلسلة القيمة لزيت الجاتروفا تحمل أكبر إمكانات لتخفيض البصمة الكربونية، طالما أن المادة الوسيطة تنمو في شكل تحوطات حول قطع الأراضي. ومع ذلك، فإن إمكانات العائد المحدودة للتحوطات تشكك في الجدوى الاقتصادية لهذا الحل. تظهر النتائج كذلك أن البصمة الكربونية يمكن أن تساعد في زيادة الوعي وإبلاغ أصحاب المصلحة وصناع القرار بسلاسل قيمة طاقة الكتلة الحيوية البديلة والأكثر ملاءمة للبيئة. ومع ذلك، فإن أي تقييم للاستدامة الشاملة لسلاسل القيمة هذه يجب أن يدمج أيضًا الجوانب الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والعوامل التي تؤثر على التبني.

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    Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Isabelle Providoli;
    Isabelle Providoli
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    Le rôle crucial que jouent les écosystèmes de montagne pour les communautés montagnardes et les personnes vivant dans les basses terres est souligné par les 3 cibles spécifiques aux montagnes de l'Agenda 2030 (cibles 6.6, 15.1 et 15.4). Pour atteindre ces objectifs, des connaissances solides et intégrées sont nécessaires pour les politiques et la prise de décision qui favorisent la gestion durable des ressources en eau et en terres dans les zones de montagne, y compris la négociation équitable des compromis entre les parties prenantes. Les centres de ressources en eau et en terres au Kenya et en Éthiopie et le groupe de travail du Programme foncier mondial récemment approuvé sur les systèmes fonciers pour l'avenir des montagnes ne sont que deux des nombreuses initiatives lancées par le Centre pour le développement et l'environnement et ses partenaires pour intégrer et partager les connaissances pour des politiques et des pratiques fondées sur des données probantes visant à sauvegarder les principaux services écosystémiques des montagnes. El papel crucial que desempeñan los ecosistemas de montaña para las comunidades de montaña y las personas que viven en las tierras bajas se enfatiza en las 3 metas específicas de montaña de la Agenda 2030 (metas 6.6, 15.1 y 15.4). Para lograr estos objetivos, se necesitan conocimientos sólidos e integrados para la formulación de políticas y la toma de decisiones que fomenten la gestión sostenible de los recursos hídricos y terrestres en las zonas montañosas, incluida la negociación equitativa de las compensaciones entre las partes interesadas. Los Centros de Recursos Hídricos y de Tierras en Kenia y Etiopía y el recientemente aprobado grupo de trabajo del Programa Mundial de Tierras sobre Sistemas de Tierras para el Futuro de las Montañas son solo 2 de una serie de iniciativas lanzadas por el Centro para el Desarrollo y el Medio Ambiente y sus socios para integrar y compartir conocimientos para políticas y prácticas basadas en evidencia destinadas a salvaguardar los servicios clave de los ecosistemas de montaña. The crucial role mountain ecosystems play for mountain communities and people living in the lowlands is emphasized by the 3 mountain-specific targets of Agenda 2030 (targets 6.6, 15.1, and 15.4). To achieve these targets, sound and integrated knowledge is needed for policy- and decision-making that fosters sustainable management of water and land resources in mountain areas, including equitable negotiation of trade-offs between stakeholders. The Water and Land Resources Centres in Kenya and Ethiopia and the recently approved Global Land Programme working group on Land Systems for Mountain Futures are just 2 of a number of initiatives launched by the Centre for Development and Environment and its partners to integrate and share knowledge for evidence-informed policies and practices aimed at safeguarding key mountain ecosystem services. يتم التأكيد على الدور الحاسم الذي تلعبه النظم الإيكولوجية الجبلية للمجتمعات الجبلية والسكان الذين يعيشون في الأراضي المنخفضة من خلال الغايات الثلاث الخاصة بالجبال في خطة عام 2030 (الغايات 6.6 و 15.1 و 15.4). ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف، هناك حاجة إلى معرفة سليمة ومتكاملة لوضع السياسات واتخاذ القرارات التي تعزز الإدارة المستدامة لموارد المياه والأراضي في المناطق الجبلية، بما في ذلك التفاوض العادل على المفاضلات بين أصحاب المصلحة. إن مراكز موارد المياه والأراضي في كينيا وإثيوبيا والفريق العامل المعني بنظم الأراضي من أجل مستقبل الجبال التابع للبرنامج العالمي للأراضي الذي تمت الموافقة عليه مؤخرًا ليست سوى مبادرتين من عدد من المبادرات التي أطلقها مركز التنمية والبيئة وشركاؤه لدمج وتبادل المعرفة من أجل السياسات والممارسات المستندة إلى الأدلة والتي تهدف إلى حماية خدمات النظم الإيكولوجية الجبلية الرئيسية.

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    Mountain Research and Development
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    Mountain Research and Development
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      Mountain Research and Development
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: DOAJ
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/kj...
      Other literature type . 2017
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Boniface Kiteme; orcid Roger Bär;
    Roger Bär
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Roger Bär in OpenAIRE
    Thomas Mkunda; Jürgen Reinhard; +2 Authors

    Abstract Most households in sub-Saharan Africa rely on wood-based cooking fuels and their number is expected to rise. Despite this, national and subnational energy policies often neglect biomass cooking fuels. A Formative Scenario Analysis process is applied to show how the cooking fuel sector in Kilimanjaro Region (Tanzania) and Kitui County (Kenya) might evolve by 2030. In order to provide relevant knowledge for potential energy policies, this paper aims to identify the main drivers impacting the cooking fuel sector, and to assess and explore current and future demand and supply potential of biomass cooking fuels. Our results show that policies have the potential to substantially impact the future mix of cooking fuels and to foster or hamper the use of efficient cooking fuel technologies. Half of Kilimanjaro Region's households could be supplied with biogas; in Kitui County, wood-based cooking fuels is likely to remain dominant but improving the efficiency of the technologies would reduce the demand for wood considerably. Hence, we argue that energy policies should explicitly consider biomass cooking fuels and endeavour to make this sector more sustainable and that priority should be given to increasing the sustainability of the biomass cooking fuel sector. Key leverage points to do so are improving the access to improved biomass technologies and capacity building.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Policyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Policy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Policyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Policy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Abigael Okoko; orcid Susanne Wymann von Dach;
    Susanne Wymann von Dach
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Susanne Wymann von Dach in OpenAIRE
    Juergen Reinhard; Boniface Kiteme; +1 Authors

    In near future, wood-based biomass energy will remain the main cooking energy for households in East Africa, especially for poor households due to its availability and affordability. Alternative biomass fuels however exist. Economic viability of these alternatives is important due to its potential to influence their adoption and sustained use. This research evaluates the economic efficiency of firewood, charcoal, biogas, jatropha oil, and crop residue briquettes value chains in the rural-urban contexts of Kitui, Kenya, and Moshi, Tanzania, using Life Cycle Costing (LCC) methodology. LCC helps to identify areas along the value chains where costs occur and where improvements are feasible. Jatropha oil manual value chain has the highest cost. Firewood use with improved cook stoves is cost efficient. In Moshi’s rural context, royalty fees increases cost of charcoal. Similarly, biogas in Kitui is less likely to be economically viable. Briquettes however have a competitive advantage over charcoal. The costs are dominated by fuel provision compared to cost of stoves. Therefore, payment schemes that improve adoption of improved stoves perceived as expensive will substantially reduce fuel cost. Enhancing availability and accessibility of technologies such as briquette presses will enhance biomass energy access and provide a source of income for households.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Bern Open Repository...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of Renewable Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Journal of Renewable Energy
    Article
    License: CC BY
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    Journal of Renewable Energy
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: DOAJ
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/q3...
    Other literature type . 2018
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/yc...
    Other literature type . 2018
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Journal of Renewable Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Journal of Renewable Energy
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      Journal of Renewable Energy
      Article . 2018
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/q3...
      Other literature type . 2018
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/yc...
      Other literature type . 2018
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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