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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal , Preprint 2020 Australia, France, Australia, France, Singapore, NetherlandsPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Funded by:UKRI | GCRF Trade, Development a...UKRI| GCRF Trade, Development and the Environment HubZoltan Szantoi; Nicholas B.W. Macfarlane; Truly Santika; Serge A. Wich; Serge A. Wich; Eleanor M. Slade; Janice Ser Huay Lee; Nadine Zamira; Kimberly M. Carlson; Erik Meijaard; Erik Meijaard; Matthew J. Struebig; Jesse F. Abrams; Jesse F. Abrams; David L. A. Gaveau; Douglas Sheil; Marcos Persio; John Garcia-Ulloa; Diego Juffe-Bignoli; Diego Juffe-Bignoli; Cyriaque N. Sendashonga; Rachel Hoffmann; Adrià Descals; Lian Pin Koh; Herbert H. T. Prins; Marc Ancrenaz; Paul R. Furumo; Daniel Murdiyarso; Daniel Murdiyarso; Thomas M. Brooks; Thomas M. Brooks; Thomas M. Brooks;doi: 10.1038/s41477-020-00813-w , 10.31223/osf.io/e69bz , 10.60692/br7zp-6vw56 , 10.60692/qh8t8-60v73
pmid: 33299148
handle: 10568/111665
doi: 10.1038/s41477-020-00813-w , 10.31223/osf.io/e69bz , 10.60692/br7zp-6vw56 , 10.60692/qh8t8-60v73
pmid: 33299148
handle: 10568/111665
La réalisation des objectifs de développement durable (ODD) nécessite d'équilibrer les demandes en terres entre l'agriculture (ODD 2) et la biodiversité (ODD 15).La production d'huiles végétales, et en particulier d'huile de palme, illustre ces demandes concurrentes et ces compromis.L' huile de palme représente ~40 % de la demande annuelle mondiale actuelle d'huile végétale pour l'alimentation humaine, animale et pour le carburant (210 millions de tonnes (Mt)), mais le palmier à huile planté couvre moins de 5 à 5,5 % de la superficie totale des cultures oléagineuses mondiales (environ 425 Mha), en raison des rendements relativement élevés du palmier à huile.L' expansion récente du palmier à huile dans les régions boisées de Bornéo, de Sumatra et de la péninsule malaise, où plus de 90 % de l'huile de palme mondiale est produite, a suscité de vives inquiétudes quant au rôle du palmier à huile dans la déforestation.La contribution directe de l'expansion du palmier à huile à la déforestation tropicale régionale varie considérablement, allant de 3 % en Afrique de l'Ouest à 47 % en Malaisie.Le palmier à huile est également impliqué dans le drainage et la combustion des tourbières en Asie du Sud-Est.Les impacts environnementaux négatifs documentés d'une telle expansion comprennent le déclin de la biodiversité, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et la pollution atmosphérique.Toutefois, le palmier à huile produit généralement plus l'huile par superficie par rapport aux autres cultures oléagineuses, est souvent économiquement viable sur des sites inadaptés à la plupart des autres cultures, et génère une richesse considérable pour au moins certains acteurs. La demande mondiale d'huiles végétales devrait augmenter de 46 % d'ici 2050. Répondre à cette demande par une expansion supplémentaire du palmier à huile par rapport à d'autres cultures d'huile végétale entraînera des effets différentiels substantiels sur la biodiversité, la sécurité alimentaire, le changement climatique, la dégradation des terres et les moyens de subsistance. Notre examen souligne que, bien que des lacunes importantes subsistent dans notre compréhension de la relation entre les impacts environnementaux, socioculturels et économiques du palmier à huile, et la portée, la rigueur et l'efficacité des initiatives visant à y remédier, il y a eu peu de recherches sur les impacts et les compromis des autres cultures d'huile végétale. Une plus grande attention de la recherche doit être accordée à l'étude des impacts de la production d'huile de palme par rapport aux alternatives pour les compromis à évaluer à l'échelle mondiale. El cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) requiere equilibrar las demandas de tierras entre la agricultura (ODS 2) y la biodiversidad (ODS 15). La producción de aceites vegetales, y en particular el aceite de palma, ilustra estas demandas y compensaciones competitivas. El aceite de palma representa aproximadamente el 40% de la demanda anual mundial actual de aceite vegetal como alimento, pienso y combustible (210 millones de toneladas (Mt)), pero la palma aceitera plantada cubre menos del 5-5,5% del área total de cultivos oleaginosos mundiales (aprox. 425 Mha). debido a los rendimientos relativamente altos de la palma aceitera. La reciente expansión de la palma aceitera en las regiones boscosas de Borneo, Sumatra y la Península Malaya, donde se produce más del 90% del aceite de palma mundial, ha generado una preocupación sustancial sobre el papel de la palma aceitera en la deforestación. La contribución directa de la expansión de la palma aceitera a la deforestación tropical regional varía ampliamente, desde el 3% en África occidental hasta el 47% en Malasia. La palma aceitera también está implicada en el drenaje y la quema de turberas en el sudeste asiático. Los impactos ambientales negativos documentados de dicha expansión incluyen la disminución de la biodiversidad, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y la contaminación del aire. Sin embargo, la palma aceitera generalmente produce más. aceite por área que otros cultivos oleaginosos, a menudo es económicamente viable en sitios inadecuados para la mayoría de los otros cultivos y genera una riqueza considerable para al menos algunos actores. Se proyecta que la demanda mundial de aceites vegetales aumentará en un 46% para 2050. Satisfacer esta demanda a través de una expansión adicional de la palma aceitera frente a otros cultivos de aceite vegetal conducirá a efectos diferenciales sustanciales en la biodiversidad, la seguridad alimentaria, el cambio climático, la degradación de la tierra y los medios de vida. Nuestra revisión destaca que, aunque quedan brechas sustanciales en nuestra comprensión de la relación entre los impactos ambientales, socioculturales y económicos de la palma aceitera, y el alcance, la rigurosidad y la efectividad de las iniciativas para abordarlos, ha habido poca investigación sobre los impactos y las compensaciones de otros cultivos de aceite vegetal. Se debe prestar mayor atención a la investigación para investigar los impactos de la producción de aceite de palma en comparación con las alternativas para las compensaciones que se evaluarán a escala mundial. Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing demands on land between agriculture (SDG 2) and biodiversity (SDG 15).The production of vegetable oils, and in particular palm oil, illustrates these competing demands and trade-offs.Palm oil accounts for ~40% of the current global annual demand for vegetable oil as food, animal feed, and fuel (210 million tons (Mt)), but planted oil palm covers less than 5-5.5% of the total global oil crop area (ca.425 Mha), due to oil palm's relatively high yields.Recent oil palm expansion in forested regions of Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula, where >90% of global palm oil is produced, has led to substantial concern around oil palm's role in deforestation.Oil palm expansion's direct contribution to regional tropical deforestation varies widely, ranging from 3% in West Africa to 47% in Malaysia.Oil palm is also implicated in peatland draining and burning in Southeast Asia.Documented negative environmental impacts from such expansion include biodiversity declines, greenhouse gas emissions, and air pollution.However, oil palm generally produces more oil per area than other oil crops, is often economically viable in sites unsuitable for most other crops, and generates considerable wealth for at least some actors.Global demand for vegetable oils is projected to increase by 46% by 2050.Meeting this demand through additional expansion of oil palm versus other vegetable oil crops will lead to substantial differential effects on biodiversity, food security, climate change, land degradation, and livelihoods.Our review highlights that, although substantial gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between the environmental, socio-cultural and economic impacts of oil palm, and the scope, stringency and effectiveness of initiatives to address these, there has been little research into the impacts and trade-offs of other vegetable oil crops.Greater research attention needs to be given to investigating the impacts of palm oil production compared to alternatives for the trade-offs to be assessed at a global scale. يتطلب تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة (SDGs) موازنة الطلب على الأراضي بين الزراعة (SDG 2) والتنوع البيولوجي (SDG 15). يوضح إنتاج الزيوت النباتية، ولا سيما زيت النخيل، هذه المطالب والمقايضات المتنافسة. يمثل زيت النخيل حوالي40 ٪ من الطلب السنوي العالمي الحالي على الزيوت النباتية كغذاء وعلف حيواني ووقود (210 مليون طن متري)، لكن نخيل الزيت المزروع يغطي أقل من 5-5.5 ٪ من إجمالي مساحة محصول النفط العالمي (حوالي 425 مليون هكتار)، بسبب غلة نخيل الزيت المرتفعة نسبيًا. أدى التوسع الأخير في نخيل الزيت في مناطق الغابات في بورنيو وسومطرة وشبه جزيرة الملايو، حيث يتم إنتاج أكثر من 90 ٪ من زيت النخيل العالمي، إلى قلق كبير حول دور نخيل الزيت في إزالة الغابات. تختلف المساهمة المباشرة لتوسع نخيل الزيت في إزالة الغابات الاستوائية الإقليمية اختلافًا كبيرًا، حيث تتراوح من 3 ٪ في غرب إفريقيا إلى 47 ٪ في ماليزيا. كما يتورط نخيل الزيت في تصريف الأراضي الخثية وحرقها في جنوب شرق آسيا. وتشمل الآثار البيئية السلبية الموثقة من هذا التوسع انخفاض التنوع البيولوجي وانبعاثات غازات الدفيئة وتلوث الهواء. ومع ذلك، ينتج نخيل الزيت عمومًا المزيد من المتوقع أن يزداد الطلب العالمي على الزيوت النباتية بنسبة 46 ٪ بحلول عام 2050. وستؤدي تلبية هذا الطلب من خلال التوسع الإضافي في محاصيل نخيل الزيت مقابل محاصيل الزيوت النباتية الأخرى إلى آثار تفاضلية كبيرة على التنوع البيولوجي والأمن الغذائي وتغير المناخ وتدهور الأراضي وسبل العيش. وتسلط مراجعتنا الضوء على أنه على الرغم من استمرار وجود فجوات كبيرة في فهمنا للعلاقة بين الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية والثقافية والاقتصادية لنخيل الزيت، ونطاق وصرامة وفعالية المبادرات الرامية إلى معالجتها، إلا أنه لم يتم إجراء سوى القليل من الأبحاث حول تأثيرات ومقايضات محاصيل الزيوت النباتية الأخرى. ويلزم إيلاء اهتمام بحثي أكبر للتحقيق في آثار إنتاج زيت النخيل مقارنة ببدائل المقايضات التي سيتم تقييمها على نطاق عالمي.
CORE arrow_drop_down COREArticle . 2020License: CC BY NCFull-Text: http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/30518/1/30518_SANTIKA_The_environmental_impacts_of_palm_oil.pdfData sources: CORECORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Article . 2020License: CC BY NCFull-Text: http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/30518/1/30518_SANTIKA_The_environmental_impacts_of_palm_oil.pdfData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)EarthArXivPreprint . 2020Full-Text: https://eartharxiv.org/e69bz/downloadData sources: EarthArXivCGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2021Full-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111665Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.i...Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefUniversity of Tasmania: UTas ePrintsArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down COREArticle . 2020License: CC BY NCFull-Text: http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/30518/1/30518_SANTIKA_The_environmental_impacts_of_palm_oil.pdfData sources: CORECORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Article . 2020License: CC BY NCFull-Text: http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/30518/1/30518_SANTIKA_The_environmental_impacts_of_palm_oil.pdfData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)EarthArXivPreprint . 2020Full-Text: https://eartharxiv.org/e69bz/downloadData sources: EarthArXivCGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2021Full-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111665Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.i...Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefUniversity of Tasmania: UTas ePrintsArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2017 FrancePublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC M.W. Warren; J. Boone Kauffman; J. Boone Kauffman; Kristell Hergoualc'h; Randall K. Kolka; Daniel Murdiyarso; Daniel Murdiyarso;Une grande partie des tourbières tropicales du monde se trouvent en Indonésie, où la conversion rapide et les pertes associées de carbone, de biodiversité et de services écosystémiques ont placé la gestion des tourbières au premier plan des efforts d'atténuation du changement climatique de l'Indonésie. Nous avons évalué le volume de tourbe à partir de deux cartes communément référencées de la distribution et de la profondeur de la tourbe publiées par Wetlands International (WI) et le ministère indonésien de l'Agriculture (MoA), et avons utilisé des valeurs de densité de carbone spécifiques à la région pour calculer les stocks de carbone. L'étendue et le volume des tourbières publiés dans les cartes MoA sont inférieurs à ceux des cartes WI, ce qui entraîne des estimations plus faibles du stockage du carbone. Nous estimons que le stock total de carbone de la tourbe en Indonésie se situe dans les limites de 13,6 GtC (estimation de la carte à faible indice d'activité) et de 40,5 GtC (estimation de la carte à indice d'activité élevé) avec une meilleure estimation de 28,1 GtC : le point médian des estimations des stocks de carbone moyens dérivées des cartes à indice d'activité (30,8 GtC) et à indice d'activité (25,3 GtC). Cette estimation représente environ la moitié des évaluations précédentes qui utilisaient une valeur moyenne supposée de l'épaisseur de la tourbe pour toutes les tourbières indonésiennes, et révise le pool mondial actuel de carbone de tourbe tropicale à 75 GtC. Pourtant, ces résultats ne diminuent pas l'importance des tourbières indonésiennes, qui stockent environ 30 % de carbone de plus que la biomasse de toutes les forêts indonésiennes. L'écart le plus important entre les cartes concerne la province de Papouasie, qui représente 62 à 71 % des différences globales en termes de superficie, de volume et de stockage de carbone. Selon la carte du Ministère de l'agriculture, 80 % des tourbières indonésiennes ont une épaisseur inférieure à 300 cm et sont donc vulnérables à la conversion en dehors des zones protégées conformément à la réglementation environnementale. Le carbone contenu dans ces tourbières peu profondes est estimé à 10,6 GtC, ce qui équivaut à 42 % du carbone total de la tourbe indonésienne et à environ 12 ans d'émissions mondiales dues au changement d'affectation des terres aux taux actuels. Compte tenu des incertitudes élevées concernant l'étendue, le volume et le stockage du carbone dans les tourbières révélées dans cette évaluation des cartes actuelles, une révision systématique des cartes de la tourbe indonésienne pour produire une référence géospatiale unique universellement acceptée améliorerait les estimations nationales du stockage du carbone de la tourbe et bénéficierait grandement à la recherche sur le cycle du carbone, à la gestion de l'utilisation des terres et à l'aménagement du territoire. Una gran proporción de las turberas tropicales del mundo ocurren en Indonesia, donde la rápida conversión y las pérdidas asociadas de carbono, biodiversidad y servicios ecosistémicos han llevado la gestión de las turberas a la vanguardia de los esfuerzos de mitigación climática de Indonesia. Evaluamos el volumen de turba de dos mapas comúnmente referenciados de distribución y profundidad de turba publicados por Wetlands International (WI) y el Ministerio de Agricultura de Indonesia (MoA), y utilizamos valores regionales específicos de densidad de carbono para calcular las reservas de carbono. La extensión y el volumen de turberas publicados en los mapas del MoA son más bajos que los de los mapas del WI, lo que resulta en estimaciones más bajas del almacenamiento de carbono. Estimamos que el almacenamiento total de carbono de turba de Indonesia está dentro de 13.6 GtC (la estimación del mapa de MoA bajo) y 40.5 GtC (la estimación del mapa de WI alto) con una mejor estimación de 28.1 GtC: el punto medio de las estimaciones del stock de carbono medio derivadas de los mapas de WI (30.8 GtC) y MoA (25.3 GtC). Esta estimación es aproximadamente la mitad de las evaluaciones anteriores que utilizaron un valor promedio asumido de espesor de turba para todas las turberas de Indonesia, y revisa el actual depósito mundial de carbono de turba tropical a 75 GtC. Sin embargo, estos resultados no disminuyen la importancia de las turberas de Indonesia, que almacenan aproximadamente un 30% más de carbono que la biomasa de todos los bosques indonesios. La mayor discrepancia entre los mapas es para la provincia de Papúa, que representa el 62–71% de las diferencias generales en el área de turba, el volumen y el almacenamiento de carbono. Según el mapa del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, el 80% de las turberas de Indonesia tienen un espesor <300 cm y, por lo tanto, son vulnerables a la conversión fuera de las áreas protegidas de acuerdo con las regulaciones ambientales. El carbono contenido en estas turberas menos profundas se estima de manera conservadora en 10,6 GtC, lo que equivale al 42% del carbono total de la turba de Indonesia y a unos 12 años de emisiones globales derivadas del cambio en el uso de la tierra a las tasas actuales. Teniendo en cuenta las altas incertidumbres en la extensión, el volumen y el almacenamiento de carbono de las turberas reveladas en esta evaluación de los mapas actuales, una revisión sistemática de los mapas de turba de Indonesia para producir una única referencia geoespacial universalmente aceptada mejoraría las estimaciones nacionales de almacenamiento de carbono de turba y beneficiaría enormemente la investigación del ciclo del carbono, la gestión del uso de la tierra y la planificación espacial. A large proportion of the world's tropical peatlands occur in Indonesia where rapid conversion and associated losses of carbon, biodiversity and ecosystem services have brought peatland management to the forefront of Indonesia's climate mitigation efforts. We evaluated peat volume from two commonly referenced maps of peat distribution and depth published by Wetlands International (WI) and the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), and used regionally specific values of carbon density to calculate carbon stocks. Peatland extent and volume published in the MoA maps are lower than those in the WI maps, resulting in lower estimates of carbon storage. We estimate Indonesia's total peat carbon store to be within 13.6 GtC (the low MoA map estimate) and 40.5 GtC (the high WI map estimate) with a best estimate of 28.1 GtC: the midpoint of medium carbon stock estimates derived from WI (30.8 GtC) and MoA (25.3 GtC) maps. This estimate is about half of previous assessments which used an assumed average value of peat thickness for all Indonesian peatlands, and revises the current global tropical peat carbon pool to 75 GtC. Yet, these results do not diminish the significance of Indonesia's peatlands, which store an estimated 30% more carbon than the biomass of all Indonesian forests. The largest discrepancy between maps is for the Papua province, which accounts for 62–71% of the overall differences in peat area, volume and carbon storage. According to the MoA map, 80% of Indonesian peatlands are <300 cm thick and thus vulnerable to conversion outside of protected areas according to environmental regulations. The carbon contained in these shallower peatlands is conservatively estimated to be 10.6 GtC, equivalent to 42% of Indonesia's total peat carbon and about 12 years of global emissions from land use change at current rates. Considering the high uncertainties in peatland extent, volume and carbon storage revealed in this assessment of current maps, a systematic revision of Indonesia's peat maps to produce a single geospatial reference that is universally accepted would improve national peat carbon storage estimates and greatly benefit carbon cycle research, land use management and spatial planning. توجد نسبة كبيرة من الأراضي الخثية الاستوائية في العالم في إندونيسيا حيث أدى التحول السريع وما يرتبط به من خسائر في الكربون والتنوع البيولوجي وخدمات النظم الإيكولوجية إلى جعل إدارة الأراضي الخثية في طليعة جهود التخفيف من آثار تغير المناخ في إندونيسيا. قمنا بتقييم حجم الخث من خريطتين مرجعيتين شائعتين لتوزيع الخث وعمقه نشرتهما Wetlands International (WI) ووزارة الزراعة الإندونيسية (MoA)، واستخدمنا قيمًا محددة إقليميًا لكثافة الكربون لحساب مخزونات الكربون. نطاق وحجم الأراضي الخثية المنشورة في خرائط وزارة الزراعة أقل من تلك الموجودة في خرائط WI، مما أدى إلى انخفاض تقديرات تخزين الكربون. نقدر إجمالي مخزون الكربون الخث في إندونيسيا في حدود 13.6 جيجا طن من الكربون (تقدير خريطة وزارة الزراعة المنخفض) و 40.5 جيجا طن من الكربون (تقدير خريطة WI المرتفع) مع أفضل تقدير يبلغ 28.1 جيجا طن من الكربون: نقطة الوسط لتقديرات مخزون الكربون المتوسط المستمدة من خرائط WI (30.8 جيجا طن من الكربون) و MoA (25.3 جيجا طن من الكربون). هذا التقدير هو حوالي نصف التقييمات السابقة التي استخدمت قيمة متوسطة مفترضة لسماكة الخث لجميع الأراضي الخثية الإندونيسية، وتنقح تجمع الكربون الاستوائي العالمي الحالي إلى 75 جيجا طن من الكربون. ومع ذلك، فإن هذه النتائج لا تقلل من أهمية الأراضي الخثية في إندونيسيا، والتي تخزن ما يقدر بنحو 30 ٪ من الكربون أكثر من الكتلة الحيوية لجميع الغابات الإندونيسية. أكبر تباين بين الخرائط هو في مقاطعة بابوا، والتي تمثل 62-71 ٪ من الاختلافات الإجمالية في مساحة الخث والحجم وتخزين الكربون. وفقًا لخريطة وزارة الزراعة، يبلغ سمك 80 ٪ من الأراضي الخثية الإندونيسية أقل من 300 سم وبالتالي فهي عرضة للتحويل خارج المناطق المحمية وفقًا للوائح البيئية. يقدر الكربون الموجود في هذه الأراضي الخثية الضحلة بشكل متحفظ بنحو 10.6 جيجا طن من الكربون، أي ما يعادل 42 ٪ من إجمالي الكربون الخث في إندونيسيا وحوالي 12 عامًا من الانبعاثات العالمية الناجمة عن تغير استخدام الأراضي بالمعدلات الحالية. بالنظر إلى الشكوك الكبيرة في مدى الأراضي الخثية وحجمها وتخزين الكربون التي تم الكشف عنها في هذا التقييم للخرائط الحالية، فإن المراجعة المنهجية لخرائط الخث في إندونيسيا لإنتاج مرجع جغرافي مكاني واحد مقبول عالميًا من شأنه أن يحسن التقديرات الوطنية لتخزين الكربون في الخث ويفيد بشكل كبير أبحاث دورة الكربون وإدارة استخدام الأراضي والتخطيط المكاني.
CGIAR CGSpace (Consu... arrow_drop_down CGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2018License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/95185Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 106 citations 106 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CGIAR CGSpace (Consu... arrow_drop_down CGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2018License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/95185Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2024 Norway, AustraliaPublisher:Annual Reviews Funded by:ARC | Linkage Projects - Grant ..., ARC | Discovery Projects - Gran..., ARC | Discovery Projects - Gran... +3 projectsARC| Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP180100732 ,ARC| Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP220100650 ,ARC| Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP210100739 ,ARC| Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP200100201 ,UKRI| Extreme Climatic Events in the Oceans: Towards a mechanistic understanding of ecosystem impacts and resilience ,ARC| Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP230100408Rogers, Kerrylee; Silliman, Brian R; Wernberg, Thomas; Murdiyarso, Daniel; Vanderklift, Mathew A; Starko, Samuel; Bishop, Melanie J; Baum, Julia K; Coleman, Melinda A; Thomsen, Mads S; Filbee-Dexter, Karen; Gagnon, Karine; Bruno, John F; He, Qiang; Smale, Dan A;Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems, providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as many ecosystem services. However, climate change poses a significant threat to foundation species and the ecosystems they support. We review the impacts of climate change on common marine foundation species, including corals, kelps, seagrasses, salt marsh plants, mangroves, and bivalves. It is evident that marine foundation species have already been severely impacted by several climate change drivers, often through interactive effects with other human stressors, such as pollution, overfishing, and coastal development. Despite considerable variation in geographical, environmental, and ecological contexts, direct and indirect effects of gradual warming and subsequent heatwaves have emerged as the most pervasive drivers of observed impact and potent threat across all marine foundation species, but effects from sea level rise, ocean acidification, and increased storminess are expected to increase. Documented impacts include changes in the genetic structures, physiology, abundance, and distribution of the foundation species themselves and changes to their interactions with other species, with flow-on effects to associated communities, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. We discuss strategies to support marine foundation species into the Anthropocene, in order to increase their resilience and ensure the persistence of the ecosystem services they provide.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 79 citations 79 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022 FrancePublisher:MDPI AG Authors: Iska Lestari; Daniel Murdiyarso; Muh Taufik;doi: 10.3390/f13040505
handle: 10568/120111
Draining deforested tropical peat swamp forests (PSFs) converts greenhouse gas (GHG) sinks to sources and increases the likelihood of fire hazards. Rewetting deforested and drained PSFs before revegetation is expected to reverse this outcome. This study aims to quantify the GHG emissions of deforested PSFs that have been (a) reforested, (b) converted into oil palm, or (c) replanted with rubber. Before rewetting, heterotrophic soil respiration in reforested, oil palm, and rubber plantation areas were 48.91 ± 4.75 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1, 54.98 ± 1.53 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1, and 67.67 ± 2.13 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1, respectively. After rewetting, this decreased substantially by 21%, 36%, and 39%. Conversely, rewetting drained landscapes that used to be methane (CH4) sinks converted them into CH4 sources; almost twice as much methane was emitted after rewetting. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions tended to decrease; in nitrogen-rich rubber plantations, N2O emissions halved; in nitrogen-poor reforested areas, emissions reduced by up to a quarter after rewetting. Overall, rewetting reduced the net emissions up to 15.41 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 (25%) in reforested, 18.36 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 (18%) in oil palm, and 28.87 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 (17%) in rubber plantation areas.
Forests arrow_drop_down ForestsOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/4/505/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteCGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/120111Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 12 citations 12 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Forests arrow_drop_down ForestsOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/4/505/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteCGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/120111Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/f13040505&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euResearch data keyboard_double_arrow_right Dataset 2023 NetherlandsPublisher:USDA Forest Service Yude Pan; Richard A. Birdsey; Oliver L. Phillips; Richard A. Houghton; Jingyun Fang; Pekka E. Kauppi; Heather Keith; Werner A. Kurz; Akihiko Ito; Simon L. Lewis; Gert-Jan Nabuurs; Anatoly Shvidenko; Shoji Hashimoto; Bas Lerink; Dmitry Schepaschenko; Andrea Castanho; Daniel Murdiyarso;Carbon dioxide uptake by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change but the processes involved are challenging to observe, quantify and model. To provide an independent, ground-based assessment of the contribution of forests to terrestrial uptake, we synthesized the best available in situ forest data from boreal, temperate and tropical biomes spanning three decades. This data publication includes regional and country-level estimates of forest areas, carbon stocks and carbon sinks from 1990 to 2020. Data are based on ground measurements of trees from different forests worldwide and specifically include forest areas, forest carbon stocks, forest carbon stock changes of all global forest biomes (including components of living biomass, deadwood, litter, soil and harvested wood product) and formulas used for synthesizing and calculating the data which can be used for reproducing analysis results and graphics. This data publication also provides raw forest inventory data for Sweden, Norway and Finland from 1960 to 2020 which includes total area, increment, growing stock, harvested, harvested residues, and total decrement for all forest land and productive forest lands. Information for all data sources is also included.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal , Preprint 2020 Australia, France, Australia, France, Singapore, NetherlandsPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Funded by:UKRI | GCRF Trade, Development a...UKRI| GCRF Trade, Development and the Environment HubZoltan Szantoi; Nicholas B.W. Macfarlane; Truly Santika; Serge A. Wich; Serge A. Wich; Eleanor M. Slade; Janice Ser Huay Lee; Nadine Zamira; Kimberly M. Carlson; Erik Meijaard; Erik Meijaard; Matthew J. Struebig; Jesse F. Abrams; Jesse F. Abrams; David L. A. Gaveau; Douglas Sheil; Marcos Persio; John Garcia-Ulloa; Diego Juffe-Bignoli; Diego Juffe-Bignoli; Cyriaque N. Sendashonga; Rachel Hoffmann; Adrià Descals; Lian Pin Koh; Herbert H. T. Prins; Marc Ancrenaz; Paul R. Furumo; Daniel Murdiyarso; Daniel Murdiyarso; Thomas M. Brooks; Thomas M. Brooks; Thomas M. Brooks;doi: 10.1038/s41477-020-00813-w , 10.31223/osf.io/e69bz , 10.60692/br7zp-6vw56 , 10.60692/qh8t8-60v73
pmid: 33299148
handle: 10568/111665
doi: 10.1038/s41477-020-00813-w , 10.31223/osf.io/e69bz , 10.60692/br7zp-6vw56 , 10.60692/qh8t8-60v73
pmid: 33299148
handle: 10568/111665
La réalisation des objectifs de développement durable (ODD) nécessite d'équilibrer les demandes en terres entre l'agriculture (ODD 2) et la biodiversité (ODD 15).La production d'huiles végétales, et en particulier d'huile de palme, illustre ces demandes concurrentes et ces compromis.L' huile de palme représente ~40 % de la demande annuelle mondiale actuelle d'huile végétale pour l'alimentation humaine, animale et pour le carburant (210 millions de tonnes (Mt)), mais le palmier à huile planté couvre moins de 5 à 5,5 % de la superficie totale des cultures oléagineuses mondiales (environ 425 Mha), en raison des rendements relativement élevés du palmier à huile.L' expansion récente du palmier à huile dans les régions boisées de Bornéo, de Sumatra et de la péninsule malaise, où plus de 90 % de l'huile de palme mondiale est produite, a suscité de vives inquiétudes quant au rôle du palmier à huile dans la déforestation.La contribution directe de l'expansion du palmier à huile à la déforestation tropicale régionale varie considérablement, allant de 3 % en Afrique de l'Ouest à 47 % en Malaisie.Le palmier à huile est également impliqué dans le drainage et la combustion des tourbières en Asie du Sud-Est.Les impacts environnementaux négatifs documentés d'une telle expansion comprennent le déclin de la biodiversité, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et la pollution atmosphérique.Toutefois, le palmier à huile produit généralement plus l'huile par superficie par rapport aux autres cultures oléagineuses, est souvent économiquement viable sur des sites inadaptés à la plupart des autres cultures, et génère une richesse considérable pour au moins certains acteurs. La demande mondiale d'huiles végétales devrait augmenter de 46 % d'ici 2050. Répondre à cette demande par une expansion supplémentaire du palmier à huile par rapport à d'autres cultures d'huile végétale entraînera des effets différentiels substantiels sur la biodiversité, la sécurité alimentaire, le changement climatique, la dégradation des terres et les moyens de subsistance. Notre examen souligne que, bien que des lacunes importantes subsistent dans notre compréhension de la relation entre les impacts environnementaux, socioculturels et économiques du palmier à huile, et la portée, la rigueur et l'efficacité des initiatives visant à y remédier, il y a eu peu de recherches sur les impacts et les compromis des autres cultures d'huile végétale. Une plus grande attention de la recherche doit être accordée à l'étude des impacts de la production d'huile de palme par rapport aux alternatives pour les compromis à évaluer à l'échelle mondiale. El cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) requiere equilibrar las demandas de tierras entre la agricultura (ODS 2) y la biodiversidad (ODS 15). La producción de aceites vegetales, y en particular el aceite de palma, ilustra estas demandas y compensaciones competitivas. El aceite de palma representa aproximadamente el 40% de la demanda anual mundial actual de aceite vegetal como alimento, pienso y combustible (210 millones de toneladas (Mt)), pero la palma aceitera plantada cubre menos del 5-5,5% del área total de cultivos oleaginosos mundiales (aprox. 425 Mha). debido a los rendimientos relativamente altos de la palma aceitera. La reciente expansión de la palma aceitera en las regiones boscosas de Borneo, Sumatra y la Península Malaya, donde se produce más del 90% del aceite de palma mundial, ha generado una preocupación sustancial sobre el papel de la palma aceitera en la deforestación. La contribución directa de la expansión de la palma aceitera a la deforestación tropical regional varía ampliamente, desde el 3% en África occidental hasta el 47% en Malasia. La palma aceitera también está implicada en el drenaje y la quema de turberas en el sudeste asiático. Los impactos ambientales negativos documentados de dicha expansión incluyen la disminución de la biodiversidad, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y la contaminación del aire. Sin embargo, la palma aceitera generalmente produce más. aceite por área que otros cultivos oleaginosos, a menudo es económicamente viable en sitios inadecuados para la mayoría de los otros cultivos y genera una riqueza considerable para al menos algunos actores. Se proyecta que la demanda mundial de aceites vegetales aumentará en un 46% para 2050. Satisfacer esta demanda a través de una expansión adicional de la palma aceitera frente a otros cultivos de aceite vegetal conducirá a efectos diferenciales sustanciales en la biodiversidad, la seguridad alimentaria, el cambio climático, la degradación de la tierra y los medios de vida. Nuestra revisión destaca que, aunque quedan brechas sustanciales en nuestra comprensión de la relación entre los impactos ambientales, socioculturales y económicos de la palma aceitera, y el alcance, la rigurosidad y la efectividad de las iniciativas para abordarlos, ha habido poca investigación sobre los impactos y las compensaciones de otros cultivos de aceite vegetal. Se debe prestar mayor atención a la investigación para investigar los impactos de la producción de aceite de palma en comparación con las alternativas para las compensaciones que se evaluarán a escala mundial. Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing demands on land between agriculture (SDG 2) and biodiversity (SDG 15).The production of vegetable oils, and in particular palm oil, illustrates these competing demands and trade-offs.Palm oil accounts for ~40% of the current global annual demand for vegetable oil as food, animal feed, and fuel (210 million tons (Mt)), but planted oil palm covers less than 5-5.5% of the total global oil crop area (ca.425 Mha), due to oil palm's relatively high yields.Recent oil palm expansion in forested regions of Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula, where >90% of global palm oil is produced, has led to substantial concern around oil palm's role in deforestation.Oil palm expansion's direct contribution to regional tropical deforestation varies widely, ranging from 3% in West Africa to 47% in Malaysia.Oil palm is also implicated in peatland draining and burning in Southeast Asia.Documented negative environmental impacts from such expansion include biodiversity declines, greenhouse gas emissions, and air pollution.However, oil palm generally produces more oil per area than other oil crops, is often economically viable in sites unsuitable for most other crops, and generates considerable wealth for at least some actors.Global demand for vegetable oils is projected to increase by 46% by 2050.Meeting this demand through additional expansion of oil palm versus other vegetable oil crops will lead to substantial differential effects on biodiversity, food security, climate change, land degradation, and livelihoods.Our review highlights that, although substantial gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between the environmental, socio-cultural and economic impacts of oil palm, and the scope, stringency and effectiveness of initiatives to address these, there has been little research into the impacts and trade-offs of other vegetable oil crops.Greater research attention needs to be given to investigating the impacts of palm oil production compared to alternatives for the trade-offs to be assessed at a global scale. يتطلب تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة (SDGs) موازنة الطلب على الأراضي بين الزراعة (SDG 2) والتنوع البيولوجي (SDG 15). يوضح إنتاج الزيوت النباتية، ولا سيما زيت النخيل، هذه المطالب والمقايضات المتنافسة. يمثل زيت النخيل حوالي40 ٪ من الطلب السنوي العالمي الحالي على الزيوت النباتية كغذاء وعلف حيواني ووقود (210 مليون طن متري)، لكن نخيل الزيت المزروع يغطي أقل من 5-5.5 ٪ من إجمالي مساحة محصول النفط العالمي (حوالي 425 مليون هكتار)، بسبب غلة نخيل الزيت المرتفعة نسبيًا. أدى التوسع الأخير في نخيل الزيت في مناطق الغابات في بورنيو وسومطرة وشبه جزيرة الملايو، حيث يتم إنتاج أكثر من 90 ٪ من زيت النخيل العالمي، إلى قلق كبير حول دور نخيل الزيت في إزالة الغابات. تختلف المساهمة المباشرة لتوسع نخيل الزيت في إزالة الغابات الاستوائية الإقليمية اختلافًا كبيرًا، حيث تتراوح من 3 ٪ في غرب إفريقيا إلى 47 ٪ في ماليزيا. كما يتورط نخيل الزيت في تصريف الأراضي الخثية وحرقها في جنوب شرق آسيا. وتشمل الآثار البيئية السلبية الموثقة من هذا التوسع انخفاض التنوع البيولوجي وانبعاثات غازات الدفيئة وتلوث الهواء. ومع ذلك، ينتج نخيل الزيت عمومًا المزيد من المتوقع أن يزداد الطلب العالمي على الزيوت النباتية بنسبة 46 ٪ بحلول عام 2050. وستؤدي تلبية هذا الطلب من خلال التوسع الإضافي في محاصيل نخيل الزيت مقابل محاصيل الزيوت النباتية الأخرى إلى آثار تفاضلية كبيرة على التنوع البيولوجي والأمن الغذائي وتغير المناخ وتدهور الأراضي وسبل العيش. وتسلط مراجعتنا الضوء على أنه على الرغم من استمرار وجود فجوات كبيرة في فهمنا للعلاقة بين الآثار البيئية والاجتماعية والثقافية والاقتصادية لنخيل الزيت، ونطاق وصرامة وفعالية المبادرات الرامية إلى معالجتها، إلا أنه لم يتم إجراء سوى القليل من الأبحاث حول تأثيرات ومقايضات محاصيل الزيوت النباتية الأخرى. ويلزم إيلاء اهتمام بحثي أكبر للتحقيق في آثار إنتاج زيت النخيل مقارنة ببدائل المقايضات التي سيتم تقييمها على نطاق عالمي.
CORE arrow_drop_down COREArticle . 2020License: CC BY NCFull-Text: http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/30518/1/30518_SANTIKA_The_environmental_impacts_of_palm_oil.pdfData sources: CORECORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Article . 2020License: CC BY NCFull-Text: http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/30518/1/30518_SANTIKA_The_environmental_impacts_of_palm_oil.pdfData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)EarthArXivPreprint . 2020Full-Text: https://eartharxiv.org/e69bz/downloadData sources: EarthArXivCGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2021Full-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111665Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.i...Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefUniversity of Tasmania: UTas ePrintsArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 210 citations 210 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CORE arrow_drop_down COREArticle . 2020License: CC BY NCFull-Text: http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/30518/1/30518_SANTIKA_The_environmental_impacts_of_palm_oil.pdfData sources: CORECORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)Article . 2020License: CC BY NCFull-Text: http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/30518/1/30518_SANTIKA_The_environmental_impacts_of_palm_oil.pdfData sources: CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggregator)EarthArXivPreprint . 2020Full-Text: https://eartharxiv.org/e69bz/downloadData sources: EarthArXivCGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2021Full-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111665Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.i...Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefUniversity of Tasmania: UTas ePrintsArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2017 FrancePublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC M.W. Warren; J. Boone Kauffman; J. Boone Kauffman; Kristell Hergoualc'h; Randall K. Kolka; Daniel Murdiyarso; Daniel Murdiyarso;Une grande partie des tourbières tropicales du monde se trouvent en Indonésie, où la conversion rapide et les pertes associées de carbone, de biodiversité et de services écosystémiques ont placé la gestion des tourbières au premier plan des efforts d'atténuation du changement climatique de l'Indonésie. Nous avons évalué le volume de tourbe à partir de deux cartes communément référencées de la distribution et de la profondeur de la tourbe publiées par Wetlands International (WI) et le ministère indonésien de l'Agriculture (MoA), et avons utilisé des valeurs de densité de carbone spécifiques à la région pour calculer les stocks de carbone. L'étendue et le volume des tourbières publiés dans les cartes MoA sont inférieurs à ceux des cartes WI, ce qui entraîne des estimations plus faibles du stockage du carbone. Nous estimons que le stock total de carbone de la tourbe en Indonésie se situe dans les limites de 13,6 GtC (estimation de la carte à faible indice d'activité) et de 40,5 GtC (estimation de la carte à indice d'activité élevé) avec une meilleure estimation de 28,1 GtC : le point médian des estimations des stocks de carbone moyens dérivées des cartes à indice d'activité (30,8 GtC) et à indice d'activité (25,3 GtC). Cette estimation représente environ la moitié des évaluations précédentes qui utilisaient une valeur moyenne supposée de l'épaisseur de la tourbe pour toutes les tourbières indonésiennes, et révise le pool mondial actuel de carbone de tourbe tropicale à 75 GtC. Pourtant, ces résultats ne diminuent pas l'importance des tourbières indonésiennes, qui stockent environ 30 % de carbone de plus que la biomasse de toutes les forêts indonésiennes. L'écart le plus important entre les cartes concerne la province de Papouasie, qui représente 62 à 71 % des différences globales en termes de superficie, de volume et de stockage de carbone. Selon la carte du Ministère de l'agriculture, 80 % des tourbières indonésiennes ont une épaisseur inférieure à 300 cm et sont donc vulnérables à la conversion en dehors des zones protégées conformément à la réglementation environnementale. Le carbone contenu dans ces tourbières peu profondes est estimé à 10,6 GtC, ce qui équivaut à 42 % du carbone total de la tourbe indonésienne et à environ 12 ans d'émissions mondiales dues au changement d'affectation des terres aux taux actuels. Compte tenu des incertitudes élevées concernant l'étendue, le volume et le stockage du carbone dans les tourbières révélées dans cette évaluation des cartes actuelles, une révision systématique des cartes de la tourbe indonésienne pour produire une référence géospatiale unique universellement acceptée améliorerait les estimations nationales du stockage du carbone de la tourbe et bénéficierait grandement à la recherche sur le cycle du carbone, à la gestion de l'utilisation des terres et à l'aménagement du territoire. Una gran proporción de las turberas tropicales del mundo ocurren en Indonesia, donde la rápida conversión y las pérdidas asociadas de carbono, biodiversidad y servicios ecosistémicos han llevado la gestión de las turberas a la vanguardia de los esfuerzos de mitigación climática de Indonesia. Evaluamos el volumen de turba de dos mapas comúnmente referenciados de distribución y profundidad de turba publicados por Wetlands International (WI) y el Ministerio de Agricultura de Indonesia (MoA), y utilizamos valores regionales específicos de densidad de carbono para calcular las reservas de carbono. La extensión y el volumen de turberas publicados en los mapas del MoA son más bajos que los de los mapas del WI, lo que resulta en estimaciones más bajas del almacenamiento de carbono. Estimamos que el almacenamiento total de carbono de turba de Indonesia está dentro de 13.6 GtC (la estimación del mapa de MoA bajo) y 40.5 GtC (la estimación del mapa de WI alto) con una mejor estimación de 28.1 GtC: el punto medio de las estimaciones del stock de carbono medio derivadas de los mapas de WI (30.8 GtC) y MoA (25.3 GtC). Esta estimación es aproximadamente la mitad de las evaluaciones anteriores que utilizaron un valor promedio asumido de espesor de turba para todas las turberas de Indonesia, y revisa el actual depósito mundial de carbono de turba tropical a 75 GtC. Sin embargo, estos resultados no disminuyen la importancia de las turberas de Indonesia, que almacenan aproximadamente un 30% más de carbono que la biomasa de todos los bosques indonesios. La mayor discrepancia entre los mapas es para la provincia de Papúa, que representa el 62–71% de las diferencias generales en el área de turba, el volumen y el almacenamiento de carbono. Según el mapa del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, el 80% de las turberas de Indonesia tienen un espesor <300 cm y, por lo tanto, son vulnerables a la conversión fuera de las áreas protegidas de acuerdo con las regulaciones ambientales. El carbono contenido en estas turberas menos profundas se estima de manera conservadora en 10,6 GtC, lo que equivale al 42% del carbono total de la turba de Indonesia y a unos 12 años de emisiones globales derivadas del cambio en el uso de la tierra a las tasas actuales. Teniendo en cuenta las altas incertidumbres en la extensión, el volumen y el almacenamiento de carbono de las turberas reveladas en esta evaluación de los mapas actuales, una revisión sistemática de los mapas de turba de Indonesia para producir una única referencia geoespacial universalmente aceptada mejoraría las estimaciones nacionales de almacenamiento de carbono de turba y beneficiaría enormemente la investigación del ciclo del carbono, la gestión del uso de la tierra y la planificación espacial. A large proportion of the world's tropical peatlands occur in Indonesia where rapid conversion and associated losses of carbon, biodiversity and ecosystem services have brought peatland management to the forefront of Indonesia's climate mitigation efforts. We evaluated peat volume from two commonly referenced maps of peat distribution and depth published by Wetlands International (WI) and the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), and used regionally specific values of carbon density to calculate carbon stocks. Peatland extent and volume published in the MoA maps are lower than those in the WI maps, resulting in lower estimates of carbon storage. We estimate Indonesia's total peat carbon store to be within 13.6 GtC (the low MoA map estimate) and 40.5 GtC (the high WI map estimate) with a best estimate of 28.1 GtC: the midpoint of medium carbon stock estimates derived from WI (30.8 GtC) and MoA (25.3 GtC) maps. This estimate is about half of previous assessments which used an assumed average value of peat thickness for all Indonesian peatlands, and revises the current global tropical peat carbon pool to 75 GtC. Yet, these results do not diminish the significance of Indonesia's peatlands, which store an estimated 30% more carbon than the biomass of all Indonesian forests. The largest discrepancy between maps is for the Papua province, which accounts for 62–71% of the overall differences in peat area, volume and carbon storage. According to the MoA map, 80% of Indonesian peatlands are <300 cm thick and thus vulnerable to conversion outside of protected areas according to environmental regulations. The carbon contained in these shallower peatlands is conservatively estimated to be 10.6 GtC, equivalent to 42% of Indonesia's total peat carbon and about 12 years of global emissions from land use change at current rates. Considering the high uncertainties in peatland extent, volume and carbon storage revealed in this assessment of current maps, a systematic revision of Indonesia's peat maps to produce a single geospatial reference that is universally accepted would improve national peat carbon storage estimates and greatly benefit carbon cycle research, land use management and spatial planning. توجد نسبة كبيرة من الأراضي الخثية الاستوائية في العالم في إندونيسيا حيث أدى التحول السريع وما يرتبط به من خسائر في الكربون والتنوع البيولوجي وخدمات النظم الإيكولوجية إلى جعل إدارة الأراضي الخثية في طليعة جهود التخفيف من آثار تغير المناخ في إندونيسيا. قمنا بتقييم حجم الخث من خريطتين مرجعيتين شائعتين لتوزيع الخث وعمقه نشرتهما Wetlands International (WI) ووزارة الزراعة الإندونيسية (MoA)، واستخدمنا قيمًا محددة إقليميًا لكثافة الكربون لحساب مخزونات الكربون. نطاق وحجم الأراضي الخثية المنشورة في خرائط وزارة الزراعة أقل من تلك الموجودة في خرائط WI، مما أدى إلى انخفاض تقديرات تخزين الكربون. نقدر إجمالي مخزون الكربون الخث في إندونيسيا في حدود 13.6 جيجا طن من الكربون (تقدير خريطة وزارة الزراعة المنخفض) و 40.5 جيجا طن من الكربون (تقدير خريطة WI المرتفع) مع أفضل تقدير يبلغ 28.1 جيجا طن من الكربون: نقطة الوسط لتقديرات مخزون الكربون المتوسط المستمدة من خرائط WI (30.8 جيجا طن من الكربون) و MoA (25.3 جيجا طن من الكربون). هذا التقدير هو حوالي نصف التقييمات السابقة التي استخدمت قيمة متوسطة مفترضة لسماكة الخث لجميع الأراضي الخثية الإندونيسية، وتنقح تجمع الكربون الاستوائي العالمي الحالي إلى 75 جيجا طن من الكربون. ومع ذلك، فإن هذه النتائج لا تقلل من أهمية الأراضي الخثية في إندونيسيا، والتي تخزن ما يقدر بنحو 30 ٪ من الكربون أكثر من الكتلة الحيوية لجميع الغابات الإندونيسية. أكبر تباين بين الخرائط هو في مقاطعة بابوا، والتي تمثل 62-71 ٪ من الاختلافات الإجمالية في مساحة الخث والحجم وتخزين الكربون. وفقًا لخريطة وزارة الزراعة، يبلغ سمك 80 ٪ من الأراضي الخثية الإندونيسية أقل من 300 سم وبالتالي فهي عرضة للتحويل خارج المناطق المحمية وفقًا للوائح البيئية. يقدر الكربون الموجود في هذه الأراضي الخثية الضحلة بشكل متحفظ بنحو 10.6 جيجا طن من الكربون، أي ما يعادل 42 ٪ من إجمالي الكربون الخث في إندونيسيا وحوالي 12 عامًا من الانبعاثات العالمية الناجمة عن تغير استخدام الأراضي بالمعدلات الحالية. بالنظر إلى الشكوك الكبيرة في مدى الأراضي الخثية وحجمها وتخزين الكربون التي تم الكشف عنها في هذا التقييم للخرائط الحالية، فإن المراجعة المنهجية لخرائط الخث في إندونيسيا لإنتاج مرجع جغرافي مكاني واحد مقبول عالميًا من شأنه أن يحسن التقديرات الوطنية لتخزين الكربون في الخث ويفيد بشكل كبير أبحاث دورة الكربون وإدارة استخدام الأراضي والتخطيط المكاني.
CGIAR CGSpace (Consu... arrow_drop_down CGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2018License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/95185Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 106 citations 106 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert CGIAR CGSpace (Consu... arrow_drop_down CGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2018License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/95185Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2024 Norway, AustraliaPublisher:Annual Reviews Funded by:ARC | Linkage Projects - Grant ..., ARC | Discovery Projects - Gran..., ARC | Discovery Projects - Gran... +3 projectsARC| Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP180100732 ,ARC| Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP220100650 ,ARC| Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP210100739 ,ARC| Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP200100201 ,UKRI| Extreme Climatic Events in the Oceans: Towards a mechanistic understanding of ecosystem impacts and resilience ,ARC| Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP230100408Rogers, Kerrylee; Silliman, Brian R; Wernberg, Thomas; Murdiyarso, Daniel; Vanderklift, Mathew A; Starko, Samuel; Bishop, Melanie J; Baum, Julia K; Coleman, Melinda A; Thomsen, Mads S; Filbee-Dexter, Karen; Gagnon, Karine; Bruno, John F; He, Qiang; Smale, Dan A;Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems, providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as many ecosystem services. However, climate change poses a significant threat to foundation species and the ecosystems they support. We review the impacts of climate change on common marine foundation species, including corals, kelps, seagrasses, salt marsh plants, mangroves, and bivalves. It is evident that marine foundation species have already been severely impacted by several climate change drivers, often through interactive effects with other human stressors, such as pollution, overfishing, and coastal development. Despite considerable variation in geographical, environmental, and ecological contexts, direct and indirect effects of gradual warming and subsequent heatwaves have emerged as the most pervasive drivers of observed impact and potent threat across all marine foundation species, but effects from sea level rise, ocean acidification, and increased storminess are expected to increase. Documented impacts include changes in the genetic structures, physiology, abundance, and distribution of the foundation species themselves and changes to their interactions with other species, with flow-on effects to associated communities, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. We discuss strategies to support marine foundation species into the Anthropocene, in order to increase their resilience and ensure the persistence of the ecosystem services they provide.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 79 citations 79 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022 FrancePublisher:MDPI AG Authors: Iska Lestari; Daniel Murdiyarso; Muh Taufik;doi: 10.3390/f13040505
handle: 10568/120111
Draining deforested tropical peat swamp forests (PSFs) converts greenhouse gas (GHG) sinks to sources and increases the likelihood of fire hazards. Rewetting deforested and drained PSFs before revegetation is expected to reverse this outcome. This study aims to quantify the GHG emissions of deforested PSFs that have been (a) reforested, (b) converted into oil palm, or (c) replanted with rubber. Before rewetting, heterotrophic soil respiration in reforested, oil palm, and rubber plantation areas were 48.91 ± 4.75 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1, 54.98 ± 1.53 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1, and 67.67 ± 2.13 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1, respectively. After rewetting, this decreased substantially by 21%, 36%, and 39%. Conversely, rewetting drained landscapes that used to be methane (CH4) sinks converted them into CH4 sources; almost twice as much methane was emitted after rewetting. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions tended to decrease; in nitrogen-rich rubber plantations, N2O emissions halved; in nitrogen-poor reforested areas, emissions reduced by up to a quarter after rewetting. Overall, rewetting reduced the net emissions up to 15.41 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 (25%) in reforested, 18.36 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 (18%) in oil palm, and 28.87 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 (17%) in rubber plantation areas.
Forests arrow_drop_down ForestsOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/4/505/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteCGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/120111Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/f13040505&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 12 citations 12 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Forests arrow_drop_down ForestsOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/4/505/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteCGIAR CGSpace (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Article . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/120111Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/f13040505&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euResearch data keyboard_double_arrow_right Dataset 2023 NetherlandsPublisher:USDA Forest Service Yude Pan; Richard A. Birdsey; Oliver L. Phillips; Richard A. Houghton; Jingyun Fang; Pekka E. Kauppi; Heather Keith; Werner A. Kurz; Akihiko Ito; Simon L. Lewis; Gert-Jan Nabuurs; Anatoly Shvidenko; Shoji Hashimoto; Bas Lerink; Dmitry Schepaschenko; Andrea Castanho; Daniel Murdiyarso;Carbon dioxide uptake by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change but the processes involved are challenging to observe, quantify and model. To provide an independent, ground-based assessment of the contribution of forests to terrestrial uptake, we synthesized the best available in situ forest data from boreal, temperate and tropical biomes spanning three decades. This data publication includes regional and country-level estimates of forest areas, carbon stocks and carbon sinks from 1990 to 2020. Data are based on ground measurements of trees from different forests worldwide and specifically include forest areas, forest carbon stocks, forest carbon stock changes of all global forest biomes (including components of living biomass, deadwood, litter, soil and harvested wood product) and formulas used for synthesizing and calculating the data which can be used for reproducing analysis results and graphics. This data publication also provides raw forest inventory data for Sweden, Norway and Finland from 1960 to 2020 which includes total area, increment, growing stock, harvested, harvested residues, and total decrement for all forest land and productive forest lands. Information for all data sources is also included.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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