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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Xiangming Xiao; Lifen Jiang; orcid Junyi Liang;
    Junyi Liang
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    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Junyi Liang in OpenAIRE
    orcid Anders Ahlström;
    Anders Ahlström
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    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Anders Ahlström in OpenAIRE
    +20 Authors

    La croissance accrue de la végétation par le réchauffement climatique joue un rôle central dans l'amplification du cycle saisonnier du CO2 atmosphérique sur les terres nordiques (>50° N) depuis les années 1960. Cependant, la corrélation entre la croissance de la végétation, la température et l'amplitude saisonnière de la concentration de CO2 atmosphérique est devenue insaisissable avec le ralentissement de la tendance à la hausse de la croissance de la végétation et l'affaiblissement du contrôle de la température sur l'absorption de CO2 depuis la fin des années 1990. Ici, sur la base des enregistrements de concentration de CO2 atmosphérique in situ du site de l'observatoire Barrow, nous avons constaté un ralentissement de la tendance à la hausse de l'amplitude du CO2 atmosphérique des années 1990 au milieu des années 2000. Ce phénomène était associé à la diminution en pause de la concentration minimale de CO2 ([CO2]min), qui était significativement corrélée au ralentissement du verdissement de la végétation et à l'extension de la longueur de la saison de croissance. Nous avons ensuite montré que la verdure de la végétation et la longueur de la saison de croissance étaient positivement corrélées avec la température du printemps mais pas celle de l'automne sur les terres du nord. En outre, de telles dépendances asymétriques de la croissance de la végétation sur la température du printemps et de l'automne ne peuvent pas être capturées par les modèles de biosphère terrestre de pointe. Ces résultats indiquent que les réponses de la croissance de la végétation au réchauffement du printemps et de l'automne sont asymétriques et soulignent la nécessité d'améliorer la phénologie de l'automne dans les modèles de prévision du cycle saisonnier de la concentration atmosphérique de CO2. El mayor crecimiento de la vegetación por el calentamiento climático desempeña un papel fundamental en la amplificación del ciclo estacional del CO2 atmosférico en las tierras del norte (>50° N) desde la década de 1960. Sin embargo, la correlación entre el crecimiento de la vegetación, la temperatura y la amplitud estacional de la concentración atmosférica de CO2 se ha vuelto difícil de alcanzar con la tendencia creciente lenta del crecimiento de la vegetación y el control debilitado de la temperatura en la absorción de CO2 desde finales de la década de 1990. Aquí, con base en los registros de concentración de CO2 atmosférico in situ del sitio del observatorio de Barrow, encontramos una desaceleración en la tendencia creciente de la amplitud del CO2 atmosférico desde la década de 1990 hasta mediados de la década de 2000. Este fenómeno se asoció con la disminución pausada de la concentración mínima de CO2 ([CO2]min), que se correlacionó significativamente con la desaceleración del reverdecimiento de la vegetación y la extensión de la duración de la temporada de crecimiento. Luego demostramos que tanto el verdor de la vegetación como la duración de la temporada de crecimiento se correlacionaban positivamente con la temperatura de primavera pero no de otoño en las tierras del norte. Además, tales dependencias asimétricas del crecimiento de la vegetación en la temperatura de primavera y otoño no pueden ser capturadas por los modelos de biosfera terrestre de última generación. Estos hallazgos indican que las respuestas del crecimiento de la vegetación al calentamiento de primavera y otoño son asimétricas, y resaltan la necesidad de mejorar la fenología del otoño en los modelos para predecir el ciclo estacional de la concentración atmosférica de CO2. The enhanced vegetation growth by climate warming plays a pivotal role in amplifying the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 at northern lands (>50° N) since 1960s. However, the correlation between vegetation growth, temperature and seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO2 concentration have become elusive with the slowed increasing trend of vegetation growth and weakened temperature control on CO2 uptake since late 1990s. Here, based on in situ atmospheric CO2 concentration records from the Barrow observatory site, we found a slowdown in the increasing trend of the atmospheric CO2 amplitude from 1990s to mid-2000s. This phenomenon was associated with the paused decrease in the minimum CO2 concentration ([CO2]min), which was significantly correlated with the slowdown of vegetation greening and growing-season length extension. We then showed that both the vegetation greenness and growing-season length were positively correlated with spring but not autumn temperature over the northern lands. Furthermore, such asymmetric dependences of vegetation growth upon spring and autumn temperature cannot be captured by the state-of-art terrestrial biosphere models. These findings indicate that the responses of vegetation growth to spring and autumn warming are asymmetric, and highlight the need of improving autumn phenology in the models for predicting seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 concentration. يلعب نمو الغطاء النباتي المعزز بسبب الاحترار المناخي دورًا محوريًا في تضخيم الدورة الموسمية لثاني أكسيد الكربون في الغلاف الجوي في الأراضي الشمالية (>50درجة شمالًا) منذ الستينيات. ومع ذلك، فإن العلاقة بين نمو الغطاء النباتي ودرجة الحرارة والسعة الموسمية لتركيز ثاني أكسيد الكربون في الغلاف الجوي أصبحت بعيدة المنال مع تباطؤ الاتجاه المتزايد لنمو الغطاء النباتي وضعف التحكم في درجة الحرارة عند امتصاص ثاني أكسيد الكربون منذ أواخر التسعينيات. هنا، بناءً على سجلات تركيز ثاني أكسيد الكربون في الغلاف الجوي في الموقع من موقع مرصد بارو، وجدنا تباطؤًا في الاتجاه المتزايد لسعة ثاني أكسيد الكربون في الغلاف الجوي من التسعينيات إلى منتصف العقد الأول من القرن الحادي والعشرين. ارتبطت هذه الظاهرة بالانخفاض المتوقف مؤقتًا في الحد الأدنى لتركيز ثاني أكسيد الكربون ([CO2]min)، والذي ارتبط بشكل كبير بتباطؤ تخضير الغطاء النباتي وتمديد طول موسم النمو. ثم أظهرنا أن كل من خضرة الغطاء النباتي وطول موسم النمو كانا مرتبطين بشكل إيجابي مع درجة حرارة الربيع ولكن ليس الخريف على الأراضي الشمالية. علاوة على ذلك، لا يمكن التقاط الاعتمادات غير المتماثلة لنمو الغطاء النباتي على درجة حرارة الربيع والخريف من خلال نماذج المحيط الحيوي الأرضية الحديثة. تشير هذه النتائج إلى أن استجابات نمو الغطاء النباتي لارتفاع درجة حرارة الربيع والخريف غير متماثلة، وتسلط الضوء على الحاجة إلى تحسين فينولوجيا الخريف في نماذج التنبؤ بالدورة الموسمية لتركيز ثاني أكسيد الكربون في الغلاف الجوي.

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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Environmental Research Letters
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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2018
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    HAL-IRD
    Article . 2018
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    HAL-CEA
    Article . 2018
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    Article . 2018
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/6w...
    Other literature type . 2018
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Research Letters
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      Environmental Research Letters
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/6w...
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    Authors: Bangqian Chen; Bangqian Chen; Xiangping Li; Ying Hou; +18 Authors

    AbstractExtensive forest changes have occurred in monsoon Asia, substantially affecting climate, carbon cycle and biodiversity. Accurate forest cover maps at fine spatial resolutions are required to qualify and quantify these effects. In this study, an algorithm was developed to map forests in 2010, with the use of structure and biomass information from the Advanced Land Observation System (ALOS) Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) mosaic dataset and the phenological information from MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MOD13Q1 and MOD09A1) products. Our forest map (PALSARMOD50 m F/NF) was assessed through randomly selected ground truth samples from high spatial resolution images and had an overall accuracy of 95%. Total area of forests in monsoon Asia in 2010 was estimated to be ~6.3 × 106 km2. The distribution of evergreen and deciduous forests agreed reasonably well with the median Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in winter. PALSARMOD50 m F/NF map showed good spatial and areal agreements with selected forest maps generated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA F/NF), European Space Agency (ESA F/NF), Boston University (MCD12Q1 F/NF), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO FRA) and University of Maryland (Landsat forests), but relatively large differences and uncertainties in tropical forests and evergreen and deciduous forests.

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    Scientific Reports
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2016
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    Scientific Reports
    Article . 2016
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/vm...
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      Scientific Reports
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/vm...
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    Authors: Mrinal Singha; orcid bw Sangeeta Sarmah;
    Sangeeta Sarmah
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Sangeeta Sarmah in OpenAIRE
    Santonu Goswami; Shuli Niu; +6 Authors

    Vegetation greening contributes to gross carbon sequestration by plants and thus plays a vital role in mitigation of global warming. Terrestrial vegetation has a significant greening trend in South Asia (SA); however, it remains elusive how this greening translates to gross primary production (GPP) (proxy of gross carbon uptake by plants at ecosystem scale) in SA. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of GPP in correspondence to leaf area increase (based on leaf area index as proxy of greening) over SA using remote sensing driven data on Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computation, during 2003–2017. We found a much weaker increase of GPP in SA as compared to the overall greening trend, primarily attributed to the disturbance in cropland activities of the region. Especially, greening was highly significant (p  0.05) over this region. Further, natural vegetation areas also showed low vegetation greening and GPP increase during the study period. The analysis of the potential drivers revealed that both climatic and anthropogenic stresses (intensive cropping, population pressure) had a negative impact on the regional GPP, especially in IGP. Our study indicated that the overwhelming greening of SA because of enhanced cropland activities, did not contribute much to GPP over the region. The restricted cropland canopy carbon uptake and low GPP increase in forests led to a lower than expected increase of gross carbon assimilation over SA in the context of climate changes and anthropogenic disturbances. Our study inferred that effective reforestation programs and conservation of natural vegetation areas are essential in SA for efficient vegetation carbon assimilation.

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    International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
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    Authors: orcid Meyfroidt, Patrick;
    Meyfroidt, Patrick
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Meyfroidt, Patrick in OpenAIRE
    orcid De Bremond, Ariane;
    De Bremond, Ariane
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    De Bremond, Ariane in OpenAIRE
    orcid Ryan, Casey M.;
    Ryan, Casey M.
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    Ryan, Casey M. in OpenAIRE
    orcid Archer, Emma;
    Archer, Emma
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Archer, Emma in OpenAIRE
    +47 Authors

    Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in land use and thus also point toward solutions. The 10 facts are as follows: 1) Meanings and values of land are socially constructed and contested; 2) land systems exhibit complex behaviors with abrupt, hard-to-predict changes; 3) irreversible changes and path dependence are common features of land systems; 4) some land uses have a small footprint but very large impacts; 5) drivers and impacts of land-use change are globally interconnected and spill over to distant locations; 6) humanity lives on a used planet where all land provides benefits to societies; 7) land-use change usually entails trade-offs between different benefits—"win–wins" are thus rare; 8) land tenure and land-use claims are often unclear, overlapping, and contested; 9) the benefits and burdens from land are unequally distributed; and 10) land users have multiple, sometimes conflicting, ideas of what social and environmental justice entails. The facts have implications for governance, but do not provide fixed answers. Instead they constitute a set of core principles which can guide scientists, policy makers, and practitioners toward meeting sustainability challenges in land use.

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    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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    ZENODO
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    ZENODO
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    Research Collection
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.7916/gqb...
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      Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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    Authors: Geli Zhang; Geli Zhang; Xiangming Xiao; Wataru Takeuhci; +7 Authors

    L'Asie du Sud-Est a connu des taux de déforestation plus élevés que les autres continents dans les années 1990 et était encore un point chaud du changement forestier dans les années 2000. La planification de la conservation de la biodiversité et l'estimation précise des flux et des bassins de carbone forestiers nécessitent des informations plus précises sur la superficie forestière, la répartition spatiale et la fragmentation. Cependant, les cartes forestières récentes de l'Asie du Sud-Est ont été générées à partir d'images optiques à des résolutions spatiales de plusieurs centaines de mètres, et elles ne capturent pas bien les environnements exceptionnellement complexes et dynamiques de l'Asie du Sud-Est. Les estimations de la superficie forestière à partir de ces cartes varient considérablement, allant de 1,73×10(6) km(2) (GlobCover) à 2,69×10(6) km(2) (MCD12Q1) en 2009 ; et leur incertitude est limitée par la couverture nuageuse fréquente et la résolution spatiale grossière. Récemment, des images sans nuages du radar à ouverture synthétique en bande L de type réseau à commande de phase (PALSAR) à bord du satellite d'observation avancée de la terre (ALOS) sont devenues disponibles. Nous avons utilisé l'imagerie mosaïque orthorectifiée PALSAR 50 m en 2009 pour générer une carte de la couverture forestière de l'Asie du Sud-Est à une résolution spatiale de 50 m. La validation, utilisant des données de référence au sol collectées à partir de la photothèque de terrain géoréférencée et des images haute résolution dans Google Earth, a montré que notre carte forestière a une précision raisonnablement élevée (précision du producteur 86% et précision de l'utilisateur 93%). Les estimations de la superficie forestière basées sur PALSAR en 2009 sont significativement corrélées avec celles de GlobCover et MCD12Q1 aux échelles nationale et infranationale, mais diffèrent dans certaines régions à l'échelle des pixels en raison de résolutions spatiales, de définitions forestières et d'algorithmes différents. La carte forestière de 50 m résultante a été utilisée pour quantifier la fragmentation de la forêt et elle a révélé des détails substantiels de la fragmentation de la forêt. Cette nouvelle carte de 50 m des forêts tropicales pourrait servir de carte de référence pour l'inventaire des ressources forestières, la surveillance de la déforestation, la réduction des émissions dues à la déforestation et à la dégradation des forêts (REDD+) et la mise en œuvre de la biodiversité. El sudeste asiático experimentó tasas más altas de deforestación que otros continentes en la década de 1990 y todavía era un punto caliente de cambio forestal en la década de 2000. La planificación para conservar la biodiversidad y la estimación precisa de los flujos y reservas de carbono forestal necesitan información más precisa sobre el área forestal, la distribución espacial y la fragmentación. Sin embargo, los mapas forestales recientes del sudeste asiático se generaron a partir de imágenes ópticas a resoluciones espaciales de varios cientos de metros, y no capturan bien los entornos excepcionalmente complejos y dinámicos del sudeste asiático. Las estimaciones del área forestal de esos mapas varían sustancialmente, desde 1.73×10(6) km(2) (GlobCover) hasta 2.69×10(6) km (2) (MCD12Q1) en 2009; y su incertidumbre se ve limitada por la frecuente cobertura de nubes y la resolución espacial gruesa. Recientemente, se pusieron a disposición imágenes sin nubes del Phased Array Type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) a bordo del Advanced Land Observing Satellite (alos). Utilizamos las imágenes de mosaico ortorectificado PALSAR 50 m en 2009 para generar un mapa de cobertura forestal del sudeste asiático a una resolución espacial de 50 m. La validación, utilizando datos de referencia terrestre recopilados de la biblioteca de fotos de campo georreferenciadas e imágenes de alta resolución en Google Earth, mostró que nuestro mapa forestal tiene una precisión razonablemente alta (precisión del productor del 86% y precisión del usuario del 93%). Las estimaciones de área forestal basadas en PALSAR en 2009 están significativamente correlacionadas con las de GlobCover y MCD12Q1 a escala nacional y subnacional, pero difieren en algunas regiones a escala de píxeles debido a las diferentes resoluciones espaciales, definiciones de bosques y algoritmos. El mapa forestal resultante de 50 m se utilizó para cuantificar la fragmentación forestal y reveló detalles sustanciales de la fragmentación forestal. Este nuevo mapa de 50 m de bosques tropicales podría servir como mapa de referencia para el inventario de recursos forestales, el monitoreo de la deforestación, la reducción de las emisiones derivadas de la deforestación y la degradación forestal (REDD+) y la implementación de la biodiversidad. Southeast Asia experienced higher rates of deforestation than other continents in the 1990s and still was a hotspot of forest change in the 2000s. Biodiversity conservation planning and accurate estimation of forest carbon fluxes and pools need more accurate information about forest area, spatial distribution and fragmentation. However, the recent forest maps of Southeast Asia were generated from optical images at spatial resolutions of several hundreds of meters, and they do not capture well the exceptionally complex and dynamic environments in Southeast Asia. The forest area estimates from those maps vary substantially, ranging from 1.73×10(6) km(2) (GlobCover) to 2.69×10(6) km(2) (MCD12Q1) in 2009; and their uncertainty is constrained by frequent cloud cover and coarse spatial resolution. Recently, cloud-free imagery from the Phased Array Type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) became available. We used the PALSAR 50-m orthorectified mosaic imagery in 2009 to generate a forest cover map of Southeast Asia at 50-m spatial resolution. The validation, using ground-reference data collected from the Geo-Referenced Field Photo Library and high-resolution images in Google Earth, showed that our forest map has a reasonably high accuracy (producer's accuracy 86% and user's accuracy 93%). The PALSAR-based forest area estimates in 2009 are significantly correlated with those from GlobCover and MCD12Q1 at national and subnational scales but differ in some regions at the pixel scale due to different spatial resolutions, forest definitions, and algorithms. The resultant 50-m forest map was used to quantify forest fragmentation and it revealed substantial details of forest fragmentation. This new 50-m map of tropical forests could serve as a baseline map for forest resource inventory, deforestation monitoring, reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) implementation, and biodiversity. شهد جنوب شرق آسيا معدلات أعلى من إزالة الغابات مقارنة بالقارات الأخرى في التسعينيات، وكان لا يزال نقطة ساخنة لتغير الغابات في العقد الأول من القرن الحادي والعشرين. يحتاج تخطيط حفظ التنوع البيولوجي والتقدير الدقيق لتدفقات الكربون في الغابات ومجمعاتها إلى معلومات أكثر دقة حول مساحة الغابات والتوزيع المكاني والتجزئة. ومع ذلك، تم إنشاء خرائط الغابات الأخيرة لجنوب شرق آسيا من الصور البصرية بدقة مكانية تبلغ عدة مئات من الأمتار، ولا تلتقط بشكل جيد البيئات المعقدة والديناميكية بشكل استثنائي في جنوب شرق آسيا. تختلف تقديرات مساحة الغابات من تلك الخرائط اختلافًا كبيرًا، حيث تتراوح من 1.73×10(6) كم(2) (GlobCover) إلى 2.69×10(6) كم(2) (MCD12Q1) في عام 2009 ؛ ويحد من عدم يقينهم الغطاء السحابي المتكرر والقرار المكاني الخشن. في الآونة الأخيرة، أصبحت الصور الخالية من السحابة من رادار الفتحة الاصطناعية من نوع المصفوفة المرحلية (PALSAR) على متن القمر الصناعي المتقدم لمراقبة الأرض (ALOS) متاحة. استخدمنا صور الفسيفساء المتعامدة التي يبلغ طولها 50 مترًا في عام 2009 لإنشاء خريطة لغطاء الغابات في جنوب شرق آسيا بدقة مكانية تبلغ 50 مترًا. أظهر التحقق، باستخدام بيانات المرجع الأرضي التي تم جمعها من مكتبة الصور الميدانية المرجعية الجغرافية والصور عالية الدقة في غوغل إيرث، أن خريطة غاباتنا تتمتع بدقة عالية إلى حد معقول (دقة المنتج 86 ٪ ودقة المستخدم 93 ٪). ترتبط تقديرات مساحة الغابات القائمة على PALSAR في عام 2009 ارتباطًا كبيرًا بتقديرات GlobCover و MCD12Q1 على المستويين الوطني ودون الوطني ولكنها تختلف في بعض المناطق على مقياس البكسل بسبب اختلاف الاستبانات المكانية وتعريفات الغابات والخوارزميات. تم استخدام خريطة الغابات التي يبلغ طولها 50 مترًا الناتجة لقياس تجزئة الغابات وكشفت عن تفاصيل جوهرية عن تجزئة الغابات. يمكن أن تكون هذه الخريطة الجديدة للغابات الاستوائية التي يبلغ طولها 50 مترًا بمثابة خريطة أساسية لجرد موارد الغابات، ورصد إزالة الغابات، والحد من الانبعاثات الناتجة عن إزالة الغابات وتدهورها (REDD+)، والتنوع البيولوجي.

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    PLoS ONE
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    Authors: Yuting Zhou; orcid Yuanwei Qin;
    Yuanwei Qin
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    orcid Chandrashekhar Biradar;
    Chandrashekhar Biradar
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    Chandrashekhar Biradar in OpenAIRE
    Fang Liu; +7 Authors

    AbstractGrassland degradation and desertification is a complex process, including both state conversion (e.g., grasslands to deserts) and gradual within‐state change (e.g., greenness dynamics). Existing studies hardly separated the two components and analyzed it as a whole based on time series vegetation index data, which cannot provide a clear and comprehensive picture for grassland degradation and desertification. Here we propose an integrated assessment strategy, by considering both state conversion and within‐state change of grasslands, to investigate grassland degradation and desertification process in Central Asia. First, annual maps of grasslands and sparsely vegetated land were generated to track the state conversions between them. The results showed increasing grasslands were converted to sparsely vegetated lands from 2000 to 2014, with the desertification region concentrating in the latitude range of 43–48° N. A frequency analysis of grassland vs. sparsely vegetated land classification in the last 15 yr allowed a recognition of persistent desert zone (PDZ), persistent grassland zone (PGZ), and transitional zone (TZ). The TZ was identified in southern Kazakhstan as one hotspot that was unstable and vulnerable to desertification. Furthermore, the trend analysis of Enhanced Vegetation Index during thermal growing season (EVITGS) was investigated in individual zones using linear regression and Mann‐Kendall approaches. An overall degradation across the area was found; moreover, the second desertification hotspot was identified in northern Kazakhstan with significant decreasing in EVITGS, which was located in PGZ. Finally, attribution analyses of grassland degradation and desertification were conducted by considering precipitation, temperature, and three different drought indices. We found persistent droughts were the main factor for grassland degradation and desertification in Central Asia. Considering both state conversion and gradual within‐state change processes, this study provided reference information for identification of desertification hotspots to support further grassland degradation and desertification treatment, and the method could be useful to be extended to other regions.

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    Ecological Applications
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      Ecological Applications
      Article
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      Ecological Applications
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/y7...
      Other literature type . 2018
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/6m...
      Other literature type . 2018
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    Authors: orcid bw Yaoping Cui;
    Yaoping Cui
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    orcid Michael Meadows;
    Michael Meadows
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    Michael Meadows in OpenAIRE
    Nan Li; Yiming Fu; +2 Authors

    Land cover change (LCC) and its impact on CO2 sequestration and radiative forcing (RF) could dramatically affect climate change, but there has been little effort to address this issue in South and Southeast Asia over a long period of time using actual land cover information. In this study, annual land cover data from 1992 to 2015 were used to assess the CO2 flux and corresponding RF due to LCC in South and Southeast Asia. The results showed that 553.2 × 103 km2 of the region experienced LCC during this period, mostly due to land reclamation, urban expansion, and deforestation. These LCC caused a marked net decrease in net ecosystem productivity (NEP) as a composite of the various land cover categories during the whole study period, especially since 2001. The CO2 sequestration was 2160 TgCO2 during the early 1990s however cumulative sequestration decreased by 414.95 TgCO2 by 2015. Correspondingly, the cooling effect of NEP, i.e. the total actual RF, was −0.366 W m−2 in South and Southeast Asia between 1992 and 2015. However, the potential RF of the cumulatively reduced NEP due to LCC relative to the 1990s resulted in a warming effect of 2.33 × 10−3 W m−2 in 2015. Our study provides an applicable framework to accurately assess the potential effect of large-scale LCC on climate.

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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2019
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      International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Jinwei Dong;
    Jinwei Dong
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Jinwei Dong in OpenAIRE
    Geli Zhang; Berrien Moore; orcid Russell Doughty;
    Russell Doughty
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Russell Doughty in OpenAIRE
    +10 Authors

    Due to rapid population growth and urbanization, paddy rice agriculture is experiencing substantial changes in the spatiotemporal pattern of planting areas in the two most populous countries-China and India-where food security is always the primary concern. However, there is no spatially explicit and continuous rice-planting information in either country. This knowledge gap clearly hinders our ability to understand the effects of spatial paddy rice area dynamics on the environment, such as food and water security, climate change, and zoonotic infectious disease transmission. To resolve this problem, we first generated annual maps of paddy rice planting areas for both countries from 2000 to 2015, which are derived from time series Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and the phenology- and pixel-based rice mapping platform (RICE-MODIS), and analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of paddy rice dynamics in the two countries. We found that China experienced a general decrease in paddy rice planting area with a rate of 0.72 million (m) ha/yr from 2000 to 2015, while a significant increase at a rate of 0.27mha/yr for the same time period happened in India. The spatial pattern of paddy rice agriculture in China shifted northeastward significantly, due to simultaneous expansions in paddy rice planting areas in northeastern China and contractions in southern China. India showed an expansion of paddy rice areas across the entire country, particularly in the northwestern region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain located in north India and the central and south plateau of India. In general, there has been a northwesterly shift in the spatial pattern of paddy rice agriculture in India. These changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of paddy rice planting area have raised new concerns on how the shift may affect national food security and environmental issues relevant to water, climate, and biodiversity.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao The Science of The T...arrow_drop_down
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    The Science of The Total Environment
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      The Science of The Total Environment
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Yaoping Cui;
    Yaoping Cui
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Yaoping Cui in OpenAIRE
    Xinliang Xu; orcid Jinwei Dong;
    Jinwei Dong
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Jinwei Dong in OpenAIRE
    Yaochen Qin;

    Urbanization is a global problem with demographic trends. The urban heat island plays a dominant role in local climate systems. Despite existing efforts to understand the impacts of multiple urbanization factors on the urban heat island globally, very little is known about the attribution of urban heat island magnitude to urbanization in different locations or developmental phases. In this study, based on global land surface temperature data, urban spatial domain data, gross domestic product (GDP), and population data, we analyzed the influence of multiple urbanization factors on global surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII). We also tentatively compared the abovementioned factors between different regions across the globe, especially between China and the USA, the largest countries that are experiencing or have experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades. The results showed that global SUHII had remarkable spatial heterogeneity due to the geographical and socioeconomic variation between cities. There was a significant correlation between SUHII and population as well as GDP in global cities. Moreover, this study suggested that the impacts of population on SUHII might be stronger in the early stages of urbanization, and the GDP factor would become a critical factor at a certain development level. The urban area also had non-ignorable impacts on SUHII, while the correlation between SUHII and urban shape was relatively weak. All these may imply that the best approach to slow down SUHII is to find other solutions, e.g., optimize the spatial configuration of urban internal landscapes, when the urbanization reaches a high level.

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    Sustainability
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Data sources: Crossref
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    Sustainability
    Article . 2016
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      Sustainability
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Yaoping Cui;
    Yaoping Cui
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Yaoping Cui in OpenAIRE
    Jiyuan Liu; Xinliang Xu; orcid Jinwei Dong;
    Jinwei Dong
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Jinwei Dong in OpenAIRE
    +6 Authors

    It is crucial to assess the effects of urban expansion on croplands to allow sustainable urbanization and cropland supply. However, owing to the complexity of land conversion and various land policies in China, it is difficult to quantify the cropland dynamics and implications of urban expansion throughout the whole accelerated stage of urbanization. This study was based on land use data from 1990 to 2015 and urban expansion data from 2000 to 2030, analyzing urban expansion and predicting its impact on croplands. We found that urban area would continue to increase and croplands would contribute more than 70% of the urban expansion area. The urban area in China will likely reach 71.6–87.0 thousand km2 or more by 2030. Although the overall area of croplands may remain at a similar magnitude in future decades, our findings imply that croplands will tend to shift northward, resulting in some potential challenges owing to resource limitations in northern regions. Our study provides a new perspective in terms of assessing future cropland dynamics and the effects of urban expansion and highlights the significance of ensuring a realistic land policy in the future.

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    Sustainability
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2019
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