• Energy Research

El CO2 producido a partir de vehículos de transporte y sistemas de energía basados en combustibles fósiles puede tener un impacto directo en las personas que viven en las zonas adyacentes a las centrales eléctricas. Entonces, en el presente trabajo, propusimos y modelamos un sistema integrado que comprende un motor de gas, una unidad de captura de dióxido de carbono, un enfriador de absorción y un invernadero. El invernadero utiliza directamente el CO2 producido en el motor de gas a través de la unidad de captura de dióxido de carbono para mitigar el CO2 emitido a la atmósfera. Además de eso, la calefacción producida en el motor de gas podría ejercerse en un ciclo para hacer que el espacio del invernadero esté en condiciones de clima frío. En las estaciones cálidas, esta energía térmica también podría suministrarse a un enfriador de absorción para producir la refrigeración necesaria para el espacio interior del invernadero. En este caso, la electricidad generada se vende a la red y se realiza un análisis económico. Para evaluar y estimar el rendimiento del sistema y el interés de vender electricidad, se aplicó una función matemática. Los resultados muestran que, durante las estaciones frías, el interés neto máximo posible es de 800.000 $, y para las estaciones cálidas es de 2.500.000 $. El COP máximo también se alcanza en 1.007. Finalmente, la tasa de emisión de CO2 se mitiga al menos en un 50%. Le CO2 produit par les véhicules de transport et les systèmes énergétiques à base de combustibles fossiles peut avoir un impact direct sur les personnes qui vivent à proximité des centrales électriques. Ainsi, dans le présent travail, nous avons proposé et modélisé un système intégré comprenant un moteur à gaz, une unité de capture du dioxyde de carbone, un refroidisseur à absorption et une serre. La serre utilise directement le CO2 produit dans le moteur à gaz à travers l'unité de capture du dioxyde de carbone pour atténuer le CO2 émis dans l'atmosphère. En outre, le chauffage produit dans le moteur à gaz pourrait être exercé dans un cycle pour rendre l'espace de serre par temps froid. Pendant les saisons chaudes, cette énergie thermique pourrait également être fournie à un refroidisseur à absorption pour produire le refroidissement nécessaire pour l'espace intérieur de la serre. Ici, l'électricité produite est vendue au réseau et une analyse économique est réalisée. Pour évaluer et estimer la performance du système et l'intérêt de la vente d'électricité, une fonction mathématique a été appliquée. Les résultats montrent que, pendant les saisons froides, l'intérêt net maximum possible est de 800 000 $ , et pour les saisons chaudes est de 2 500 000 $ . Le COP maximum est également atteint à 1,007. Enfin, la quantité de taux d'émission de CO2 est atténuée d'au moins 50 %. Produced CO2 from fossil fuel-based transportation vehicles and energy systems can have a direct impact on people who live in adjacent of the power plants. So, in the present work, we proposed and modeled an integrated system comprising a gas engine, a carbon dioxide capturing unit, an absorption chiller, and a greenhouse. The greenhouse uses directly the CO2 produced in gas engine through the carbon dioxide capturing unit to mitigate the emitted CO2 into the atmosphere. Besides that, the produced heating in gas engine could be exerted in a cycle to render the greenhouse space in cold weather condition. In warm seasons this thermal energy could also be delivered to an absorption chiller for producing required cooling for inside space of the greenhouse. Herein, the generated electricity is sold to grid, and an economic analysis is brought about. To evaluate and estimate the system performance and interest of selling electricity, a mathematical function was applied. The results show that, during cold seasons, the maximum possible net interest is 800,000 $, and for warm seasons is 2,500,000 $. The maximum COP is also achieved by 1.007. Finally, the amount of CO2 emission rate is mitigated at least 50%. يمكن أن يكون لثاني أكسيد الكربون المنتج من مركبات النقل وأنظمة الطاقة القائمة على الوقود الأحفوري تأثير مباشر على الأشخاص الذين يعيشون في المناطق المجاورة لمحطات الطاقة. لذلك، في العمل الحالي، اقترحنا ونمذجنا نظامًا متكاملًا يتكون من محرك غاز ووحدة التقاط ثاني أكسيد الكربون ومبرد امتصاص ودفيئة. تستخدم الدفيئة مباشرة ثاني أكسيد الكربون المنتج في محرك الغاز من خلال وحدة احتجاز ثاني أكسيد الكربون للتخفيف من ثاني أكسيد الكربون المنبعث في الغلاف الجوي. إلى جانب ذلك، يمكن ممارسة التدفئة المنتجة في محرك الغاز في دورة لجعل مساحة الدفيئة في حالة الطقس البارد. في المواسم الدافئة، يمكن أيضًا توصيل هذه الطاقة الحرارية إلى مبرد امتصاص لإنتاج التبريد المطلوب للمساحة الداخلية من الدفيئة. هنا، يتم بيع الكهرباء المولدة إلى الشبكة، ويتم إجراء تحليل اقتصادي. لتقييم وتقدير أداء النظام والاهتمام ببيع الكهرباء، تم تطبيق وظيفة رياضية. تظهر النتائج أنه خلال مواسم البرد، يكون الحد الأقصى لصافي الفائدة المحتملة هو 800,000 $، وبالنسبة للمواسم الدافئة هو 2,500,000 $. يتم تحقيق الحد الأقصى لشرطة العاصمة أيضًا بمقدار 1.007. أخيرًا، يتم تخفيف كمية معدل انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون بنسبة 50 ٪ على الأقل.

To address the twin problems of fast depletion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation, there is an urgent need to reduce dependence on petroleum derived fuels for better economy and environment. Adaptation of bio-origin alternative fuels can address both these issues. Liquid bio-origin fuels are renewable fuels coming from biological sources and have proved to be a good substitute for petroleum derived oil and environmentally-sustainable solution. To sustain agricultural and agro-engineering needs blends of linseed oil with diesel is a better solution. Present study shows the comparative assessment of physical and chemical analysis of Linseed oil and its blends asa potential fuel for internal combustion diesel engine. To understand diesel engines fuel properties of vegetable oils and comparable physico-chemical properties such as calorific value, kinematic viscosity and density were measured for different fuel blends to predict its suitability as replacement or extender of mineral diesel. The fatty acid composition was measured by using a chromatograph. From the results, it is clear that the physico-chemical properties of linseed oil lies in close resemblance with lower calorific value high viscosity. When blended in the v/v ratio of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% its calorific value decreases with increase of percentage blends, whereas viscosity and density increases with increase of blend ratio. Linseed oil hence can be recommended as a potential fuel for Diesel engine in neat or blended form without any major change in present design, in the hour of energy need.

Compression ignition (CI) engines are popular in the transport sector because of their high compression ratio. However, in recent years, it has become a major concern from an environmental point of view because of the emission and depleting fossil fuel. The advanced combustion concept has been a popular research topic in the CI engine. Low-temperature combustion with alternate fuel has helped in reducing the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emission of the engine. Biogas is a popular substitute of energy especially deduced from biomass because of its clean combustion properties, as well it being a renewable energy source compared to non-renewable diesel resources. In experiments with dual fuel, i.e., conventional diesel and alternate fuel (biogas) were carried out through them. In the present study, an artificial neural network model was used to estimate emissions and check the attributes of performance. Different algorithms and training functions were used to train the models. However, the best training algorithm was Levenberge Marquardt and the training function was Tansig (Hyperbolic tangent sigmoid) and Logsig (logarithmic sigmoid), which showed the best result with regression coefficient (R > 0.98) and Mean square error (MSE < 0.001). The best model was trained by evaluating MSE and regression coefficient. Experimental results and artificial neural network (ANN) prediction showed that the experimental results were similar to each other and lie at the same intervals. The ANN model helped in predicting experimental data that were earlier difficult to experimentally perform using interpolation and extrapolations. It was observed that there was an increase in Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC) and a decrease in Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with improved biogas flow rate and reduced NOx emission in the combustion chamber. Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions increase linearly with the increase in biogas flow rate, whereas smoke opacity decreases. It could be concluded that this study helps in understanding the effect of dual fuel (diesel-biogas) combustion under different load conditions of the engine with the help of ANN, which could be a substitute fuel and help to protect the environment.

The development of plants for the simultaneous production of green energy and clean water, in addition to improving the energy system performance, can facilitate the achievement of sustainable development. Meanwhile, hydrogen is one of the promising fuels that can overcome the intermittent penalties of renewable energy sources. In addition, due to environmental restrictions, the industry is forced to effectively treat wastewater for reuse. This article describes the evaluation of an economic model and optimization of an integrated hydrogen production and wastewater treatment plant based on an electro-Fenton process (EFP)-based photoelectrochemical stack (PES), a solar unit, and an electrodialysis unit. The wastewater supplied to the plant is the effluent of a textile factory. In addition, a concentrating photovoltaic thermal collector (CPVT) has been used as a solar unit in the plant. In the offered plant, the electrodialysis unit is able to produce the required alkaline and acid of the PES unit as well as desalinated water. The developed economic model is based on estimating the cost of hydrogen production per kilogram of hydrogen output (i.e., Levelized Cost of Hydrogen, LCOH) on a large scale plant (1072 kg H2/day). In this regard, approximately 230 m3/day of wastewater from the textile factory is treated. Relying on the proposed process can minimize the external chemical requirements of the hydrogen production and wastewater treatment plant. The value of LCOH for the planned plant was estimated to be 5.16 USD/kgH2. However, under the developed optimization, the LCOH value can be declined by almost 7.6%. According to calculations, the profitability of the wastewater treatment process can be approximately 0.082 M USD per year. It was also found that, the value of LCOH exhibits the most sensitivity to variations in operating capacity factor and the least sensitivity to variations in utilities consumption rate. A sensitivity analysis is also developed to identify effective solutions in evaluating the economic performance of the planned plant.

Due to the depletion of petroleum products and fatal emissions from the tailpipe of diesel engines it has become a need to seek for the alternative of petroleum products for long-term use. Currently, researchers and experts have come to the conclusion that biodiesel along with higher alcohols can be an appropriate substitute for this situation. Former investigations have presented that biodiesel and higher alcohol can help in improving the performance and depreciating harmful exhaust gases in a diesel engine. In the current investigation blends of diesel, rice bran biodiesel and n-butanol were prepared to check its effect on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. Biodiesel was prepared by single stage alkaline transesterification process in this study and after that blends of diesel–biodiesel and diesel–biodiesel-n butanol were prepared as B10, B20, B10 nb10 and B20 nb20. Then these blends were tested in a single cylinder, small utility diesel engine with a rated power output of 3.73 kW to compare them with baseline diesel. Experimental investigation demonstrates that blends of rice bran biodiesel and n-butanol can be used as a fuel in a diesel engine without any change in the engine. Keywords: Diesel engine, Biodiesel, Butanol, Emission

In the present study, heat transfer and entropy generation in the spiral corrugated heat exchanger used in the solar pond have been numerically studied. The thermal boundary condition of the third type has been selected for simulation and different geometric parameters have been studied to improve heat transfer and reduce entropy generation. New correlations based on experimental data have been used to validate the simulation. The results were obtained by changing the parameters such as the number of corrugations, the twist number of the corrugations, and the change of the Reynolds number. Also, dimensionless parameters have been defined to investigate the increase of heat transfer and decrease of entropy generation based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and finally, the optimal geometries have been introduced by the NH multi-criteria parameter. The simulation results showed that the corrugation creation on the tube will increase heat transfer and decrease entropy generation. Therefore, it was found that the twist number of the corrugation has a greater effect than the number of corrugations. In the best case, when the number of corrugations and their twist is high, the heat transfer improvement number (NH) can grow up to 89%, which will decrease with the increase of Reynolds number.

The integration of gas turbine cycle (GTC)-based energy processes with a biomass gasification process employing a post-combustion approach, in addition to improving the reliability and performance of the energy cycle, can reduce the current crisis in the energy sector and balance the environmental impacts of the hybrid energy cycle. The present paper develops a multi-criteria evaluation and optimization of a novel hybrid cooling and power process (HCPP) based on GTC and post-combustion-based biomass gasification process integrated with downstream cycles. Two fuels (i.e., natural gas and biomass) are utilized simultaneously to produce energy in the proposed process. In addition, the downstream cycles are based on two organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) and a refrigeration unit to recover waste heat. The performance of the developed HCPP has been evaluated and discussed from the thermodynamic-conceptual, exergoenvironmental and exergoeconomic points of view. Additionally, a tri-objective optimization is applied to identify optimal inputs and outputs variables. The overall results indicated that the proposed HCPP can produce 13 MW of electric power and 7.6 MW of cooling load. The thermal and exergy efficiencies of the system were 70.1% and 42.85%, respectively. Moreover, the values of levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and product unit environmental impact (PUEI) were calculated as 0.0748 USD/kWh and 0.0184 Pts/kWh, respectively. However, under tri-objective optimization, the values of LCOE and PUEI can be reduced by approximately 9.4% and 16.8%. The effect of different parameters was also discussed and evaluated through a parametric analysis. Furthermore, the conceptual assessment and design of the solar field was developed for a hypothetical scenario and configuration (based on geographical conditions of a certain region).