• Energy Research

This study aims to find an appropriate system for microgeneration energy investments and identify optimal renewable energy alternatives for the effectiveness of these projects. In this context, a model is constructed by multi stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (M-SWARA) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) with q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs) and golden cut. At the first stage, five different systems are weighted for the effectiveness of the microgeneration energy investments. Secondly, four different renewable energy alternatives are ranked regarding the performance of these projects. In addition, a comparative analysis is also implemented with intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs). The findings are the same in all different fuzzy sets that demonstrates the reliability of the findings. It is determined that grid-connected with battery backup is the most important system choice. On the other hand, solar energy is the most appropriate alternative for microgeneration system investments. Grid-connected system should be implemented for the performance of the microgeneration projects. Hence, providing a sustainable access to the electricity can be possible. Sufficient amount of electricity may not be obtained from wind and solar energy because of the climate changes. In this process, grid-connected system can handle this problem effectively.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts of material production investments. The factors of Higg Materials Sustainability Index are defined as the parameters. These factors are weighted by considering T-SF TOPSIS-DEMATEL. Moreover, the items of the life cycle process are defined as alternative set for measuring the environmental effects of each process in the sustainable production investments. These alternatives are ranked with interval valued SF MAIRCA. The calculations are also made for different t, u and d values with the aim of making comparative evaluations. The main contribution of this study is that a priority analysis has been made so that the most significant indicators are defined for the companies to increase sustainability in material production investment process. Another important novelty of this paper is that a new model is created by the name of TOPSIS-DEMATEL. This situation has a positive influence on both increasing methodological originality and overcoming criticized issues of DEMATEL. The results are quite similar for all conditions, so it is understood that the proposed model provides consistent and coherent findings. It is concluded that chemistry is the most critical factor for environmental impact for material production investments. Moreover, recycle is determined as the most optimal alternative.

As a result of the inability of people to meet their demands in the face of increasing demands, people tend to have private health insurance in addition to the general health insurance offered as a public service. Due to the increasing trend of taking out private sustainable health insurance, the number of private sustainable health insurance plans in the health insurance market has increased significantly. Therefore, people may be confronted by a wide range of private health insurance plan options. However, there is limited information about how people analyze private health insurance policies to protect their health in terms of benefit payouts as a result of illness or accident. Thus, the objective of this study is to provide a model to aid people in evaluating various plans and selecting the most appropriate one to provide the best healthcare environment. In this study, a hybrid fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method is suggested for the selection of health insurance plans. Because of the variety of insurance firms and the uncertainties associated with the various coverages they provide, q-level fuzzy set-based decision-making techniques have been chosen. In this study, the problem of choosing private health insurance was handled by considering a case study of evaluations of five alternative insurance companies made by expert decision makers in line with the determined criteria. After assessments by expert decision makers, policy choices were compared using the Q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy (Q-ROF) sets Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Q-ROF VIšeKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) methods. This is one of the first attempts to solve private health policy selection under imprecise information by applying Q-ROF TOPSIS and Q-ROF VIKOR methods. At the end of the case study, the experimental results are evaluated by sensitivity analysis to determine the robustness and reliability of the obtained results.

La industria de la aviación daña el medio ambiente principalmente a través de la creación de emisiones de carbono. Por lo tanto, es necesario tomar medidas para garantizar la sostenibilidad ambiental de la industria de la aviación, como el reciclaje de productos de desecho, la gestión eficaz de los residuos y la introducción de medidas de eficiencia energética. Sin embargo, al mismo tiempo, la implementación de mejoras para remediar tales problemas conduce a la creación de costos adicionales para las compañías de aviación. Por lo tanto, las empresas deben realizar análisis prioritarios exhaustivos sobre la estrategia óptima para la sostenibilidad de la industria de la aviación. Sin embargo, hay un número muy limitado de estudios en la literatura que se centraron en qué enfoque debe priorizarse. En consecuencia, este estudio tuvo como objetivo la evaluación de la viabilidad de invertir en las llamadas medidas de vuelo verde en la industria de la aviación, para lo cual se creó un modelo de toma de decisiones completamente original. En primer lugar, se ponderaron las diversas prioridades estratégicas y se ilustraron las direcciones de relación de impacto entre ellas con el objetivo de identificar posibles influencias por medio de una metodología de análisis de relación de evaluación de peso multipaso (M-SWARA) que incorpora conjuntos difusos de ortopares de escalón q bipolares (q-ROFS) y corte dorado. En segundo lugar, se clasifican las diversas actividades de vuelo y se determinan los impactos potenciales de estas actividades en términos de las prioridades estratégicas de una industria de aviación sostenible que emplea q-ROF como técnica de eliminación y elección de realidad traslacional (ELECTRE). Todos los cálculos también se calcularon con conjuntos difusos intuicionistas (IFS) y conjuntos difusos pitagóricos (PFS) destinados a verificar la validez de los hallazgos. El análisis concluyó que, si bien la eficiencia energética comprende el factor más importante en términos de inversión estratégica prioritaria para la industria de la aviación basada en la economía circular, la respuesta a emergencias constituye la actividad más crucial de la industria. Se debe priorizar la eficiencia operativa para disminuir la cantidad de combustible consumido, en relación con qué rutas de vuelo se deben planificar de acuerdo con las condiciones climáticas actuales, lo que serviría para acortar los tiempos de vuelo y, por lo tanto, ayudar a aumentar la eficiencia energética. Tal enfoque contribuiría positivamente a minimizar las emisiones de carbono destinadas a garantizar la sostenibilidad de la industria de la aviación. L'industrie aéronautique nuit à l'environnement principalement par la création d'émissions de carbone. Par conséquent, des mesures doivent être prises pour assurer la durabilité environnementale de l'industrie aéronautique, telles que le recyclage des déchets, la gestion efficace des déchets et l'introduction de mesures d'efficacité énergétique. Cependant, dans le même temps, la mise en œuvre d'améliorations pour remédier à ces problèmes entraîne la création de coûts supplémentaires pour les compagnies aériennes. Les entreprises doivent donc mener des analyses prioritaires complètes concernant la stratégie optimale pour la durabilité de l'industrie de l'aviation. Cependant, il existe un nombre très limité d'études dans la littérature qui se sont concentrées sur l'approche à privilégier. En conséquence, cette étude visait à évaluer la viabilité d'investir dans des mesures dites de vol vert dans l'industrie de l'aviation, pour lesquelles un modèle de prise de décision tout à fait original a été créé. Tout d'abord, les différentes priorités stratégiques ont été pondérées et les directions de relation d'impact entre elles illustrées visaient à identifier les influences potentielles au moyen d'une méthodologie d'analyse du rapport d'évaluation du poids par étapes multiples (M-SWARA) qui intègre des ensembles flous d'orthopaires bipolaires q-rung (q-ROFS) et une coupe dorée. Deuxièmement, les différentes activités de vol sont classées et les impacts potentiels de ces activités sont déterminés en fonction des priorités stratégiques d'une industrie aéronautique durable utilisant q-ROF comme technique d'élimination et de traduction des choix (ELECTRE). Tous les calculs ont également été calculés avec des ensembles flous intuitionnistes (IFS) et des ensembles flous pythagoriciens (PFS) visant à vérifier la validité des résultats. L'analyse a conclu que si l'efficacité énergétique constitue le facteur le plus important en termes d'investissement stratégique prioritaire pour l'industrie de l'aviation basée sur l'économie circulaire, l'intervention d'urgence constitue l'activité la plus cruciale de l'industrie. L'efficacité opérationnelle doit être priorisée pour réduire la quantité de carburant consommée, en relation avec laquelle les itinéraires de vol doivent être planifiés en fonction des conditions météorologiques actuelles, ce qui permettrait de raccourcir les temps de vol et, ainsi, d'augmenter l'efficacité énergétique. Une telle approche contribuerait positivement à minimiser les émissions de carbone afin d'assurer la durabilité de l'industrie de l'aviation. The aviation industry harms the environment mainly via the creation of carbon emissions. Hence, action needs to be taken to ensure the environmental sustainability of the aviation industry such as the recycling of waste products, effective waste management and the introduction of energy efficiency measures. However, at the same time, the implementation of improvements to remediate such problems leads to the creation of additional costs for aviation companies. Companies thus need to conduct comprehensive priority analyses regarding the optimum strategy for the sustainability of the aviation industry. However, there is a very limited number of studies in the literature that focused on which approach should be prioritized. Accordingly, this study aimed at the assessment of the viability of investing in so-called green flight measures in the aviation industry, for which a completely original decision-making model was created. Firstly, the various strategic priorities were weighted and the impact-relation directions between them illustrated aimed at the identification of potential influences by means of a multi stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (M-SWARA) methodology that incorporates bipolar q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs) and golden cut. Secondly, the various flight activities are ranked, and the potential impacts of these activities determined in terms of the strategic priorities of a sustainable aviation industry employing q-ROF as the elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE) technique. All the calculations were also computed with intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) aimed at verifying the validity of the findings. The analysis concluded that while energy efficiency comprises the most important factor in terms of strategic priority investment for the circular economy-based aviation industry, emergency response makes up the most crucial activity in the industry. Operational efficiency must be prioritized to decrease the amount of fuel consumed, in connection with which flight routes should be planned according to current weather conditions, which would serve to shorten flight times and, thus, help to increase energy efficiency. Such an approach would make a positive contribution to minimizing carbon emissions aimed at ensuring the sustainability of the aviation industry. تضر صناعة الطيران بالبيئة بشكل رئيسي من خلال خلق انبعاثات الكربون. وبالتالي، يجب اتخاذ إجراءات لضمان الاستدامة البيئية لصناعة الطيران مثل إعادة تدوير منتجات النفايات والإدارة الفعالة للنفايات وإدخال تدابير كفاءة الطاقة. ومع ذلك، في الوقت نفسه، يؤدي تنفيذ التحسينات لمعالجة مثل هذه المشاكل إلى خلق تكاليف إضافية لشركات الطيران. وبالتالي تحتاج الشركات إلى إجراء تحليلات شاملة للأولويات فيما يتعلق بالاستراتيجية المثلى لاستدامة صناعة الطيران. ومع ذلك، هناك عدد محدود للغاية من الدراسات في الأدبيات التي ركزت على النهج الذي ينبغي إعطاء الأولوية له. وبناءً على ذلك، هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم جدوى الاستثمار في ما يسمى بتدابير الطيران الأخضر في صناعة الطيران، والتي تم من أجلها إنشاء نموذج أصلي تمامًا لصنع القرار. أولاً، تم ترجيح الأولويات الاستراتيجية المختلفة وتم توضيح اتجاهات علاقة التأثير بينها بهدف تحديد التأثيرات المحتملة عن طريق منهجية تقييم نسبة الوزن متعدد الخطوات (M - SWARA) التي تتضمن مجموعات ضبابية لتقويم العظام ثنائية الأقطاب (q - ROFSs) والقطع الذهبي. ثانيًا، يتم تصنيف أنشطة الطيران المختلفة، ويتم تحديد الآثار المحتملة لهذه الأنشطة من حيث الأولويات الاستراتيجية لصناعة الطيران المستدامة التي تستخدم q - ROF كأسلوب للتخلص من الواقع وترجمته (ELECTRE). تم حساب جميع الحسابات أيضًا باستخدام مجموعات غامضة بديهية (IFSs) ومجموعات غامضة فيثاغورية (PFSs) تهدف إلى التحقق من صحة النتائج. وخلص التحليل إلى أنه في حين أن كفاءة الطاقة تشكل العامل الأكثر أهمية من حيث الاستثمار ذي الأولوية الاستراتيجية لصناعة الطيران القائمة على الاقتصاد الدائري، فإن الاستجابة للطوارئ تشكل النشاط الأكثر أهمية في هذه الصناعة. يجب إعطاء الأولوية للكفاءة التشغيلية لتقليل كمية الوقود المستهلكة، فيما يتعلق بتخطيط مسارات الطيران وفقًا للظروف الجوية الحالية، مما سيعمل على تقصير أوقات الطيران، وبالتالي المساعدة في زيادة كفاءة الطاقة. ومن شأن هذا النهج أن يسهم إسهاما إيجابيا في التقليل إلى أدنى حد من انبعاثات الكربون التي تهدف إلى ضمان استدامة صناعة الطيران.

Green energy projects contribute to sustainable economic development of countries with the employment of environmentally friendly energy production strategies. However, environmental priorities should be examined for this situation. Therefore, priority analysis should be executed for the environmental issues while implementing green investment projects. Accordingly, this study aims at proposing a unique decision-making model based on orthopair fuzzy sets and the golden cut degrees for the environmental priorities of green project investments. The main novelty of the study stems from its proposed integrated model by equipping the Multi-SWARA, and TOPSIS based on the q-ROFSs technique with the golden cut. A set of criteria is identified for measuring the green projects’ environmental priorities while several project alternatives are also determined with the supporting literature. Appropriately, the extensions of Multi-SWARA and TOPSIS methods have been applied for weighting and ranking the factors, respectively, in the integrated approach. Additionally, a comparative evaluation is performed with the help of VIKOR method to rank the alternatives. Besides, the sensitivity analysis is applied to illustrate the coherency of the weighting results in the decision-making approach. Accordingly, 5 cases are considered to measure the effects of changing weight results. It is defined that this model is coherent and could be extended for further studies. It is concluded that the reduction of emissions is the most essential item for the environmental priorities of green project investments. Pollution control, waste management and eco-friendly transportation activities are the most critical alternatives. Therefore, this study recommends that investors of green projects should prioritize the strategies of minimizing carbon emissions problem. In this context, investing in renewable energy technologies will help green project investors solve this problem.

Investments in microgeneration technologies help to boost the usage of clean energy while reducing pollution. However, selecting the appropriate investment remains the most critical phase in developing these technologies. This study aims to design a multi-criteria decision-making method (MCDM) to evaluate investment alternatives for microgeneration energy technologies. The proposed MCDM is based on a Multi Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (M-SWARA), to define the relative importance of the factors. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Soft Sets (q-ROFSs) are used to rank investment alternatives. Calculations were also made with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFSs) and Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets (PFSs). For analysis, five evaluation criteria were selected based on the literature: frequency of maintenance, ease of installation, environmental adaptation, transmission technologies, and efficiency of cost. Similarly, six alternatives for microgeneration technology investments were selected: ground source heat pumps, micro hydroelectric power, micro combined heat and power, micro bioelectrochemical fuel cell systems, small-scale wind turbines, and photovoltaic systems. The results showed that cost efficiency was the most significant factor in the effectiveness of microgeneration energy investments, and the photovoltaic system was the best alternative to increase microgeneration energy technology investment performance. Furthermore, the results were the same for the analyses made with IFSs and PFSs, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed method. Therefore, investors in microgeneration technologies should prioritize photovoltaic systems. This conclusion is supported by the fact that photovoltaic is a renewable energy source that has witnessed the most technological improvements and cost reductions over the last decade.