• Energy Research

Abstract As the global population continues to grow, traditional protein sources like meat and fish are becoming increasingly unsustainable due to their environmental impact. Edible insects, on the other hand, are highly nutritious, require minimal resources to produce, and emit significantly fewer greenhouse gases than traditional livestock. Lepidoptera, one of the most diverse insect orders, contains some popular edible species that have been consumed traditionally for centuries across the globe. Based on this review, about 24 families with a total of about 350 edible lepidopteran species were recorded. They are often praised for their excellent nutritional value, such as having high protein and healthy fat content. Edible lepidopterans also contain minerals, essential amino acids, and vitamins, making them a nutritious addition to a balanced diet. They also contain bioactive compounds which have various nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. Furthermore, some edible lepidopterans can be farmed and require minimal space and resources. However, there are significant challenges associated with their use as food. One of the primary challenges is the lack of regulations governing their production and distribution, which creates uncertainty for consumers and businesses alike. Consumer acceptance is also a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of insects as food. To overcome these challenges, there is a need for clear regulations that ensure the safety and quality of insect-based products. Furthermore, it is important to raise awareness about the nutritional and environmental benefits of edible insects as sustainable food for the future to promote their acceptance among consumers.

AbstractThe development of biodegradable packaging is a challenge, as conventional plastics have many advantages in terms of high flexibility, transparency, low cost, strong mechanical characteristics, and high resistance to heat compared with most biodegradable plastics. The quality of biodegradable materials and the research needed for their improvement for meat packaging were critically evaluated in this study. In terms of sustainability, biodegradable packagings are more sustainable than conventional plastics; however, most of them contain unsustainable chemical additives. Cellulose showed a high potential for meat preservation due to high moisture control. Polyhydroxyalkanoates and polylactic acid (PLA) are renewable materials that have been recently introduced to the market, but their application in meat products is still limited. To be classified as an edible film, the mechanical properties and acceptable control over gas and moisture exchange need to be improved. PLA and cellulose‐based films possess the advantage of protection against oxygen and water permeation; however, the addition of functional substances plays an important role in their effects on the foods. Furthermore, the use of packaging materials is increasing due to consumer demand for natural high‐quality food packaging that serves functions such as extended shelf‐life and contamination protection. To support the importance moving toward biodegradable packaging for meat, this review presented novel perspectives regarding ecological impacts, commercial status, and consumer perspectives. Those aspects are then evaluated with the specific consideration of regulations and perspective in the European Union (EU) for employing renewable and ecological meat packaging materials. This review also helps to highlight the situation regarding biodegradable food packaging for meat in the EU specifically.

Près de 80 % des océans, en particulier l'Arctique et le Subarctique, sont principalement habités par des mammifères marins. Les espèces marines dépendent principalement de la glace de mer pour se nourrir, élever leurs petits et se protéger des prédateurs. La consommation de mammifères marins a toujours été recommandée comme étant saine, mais la vérité est qu'elle peut être préjudiciable à la santé humaine en raison de la pollution de l'eau de mer par les déchets et les produits chimiques. Cette revue systématique fournit un examen approfondi des mammifères marins, de leur relation complexe avec l'homme et de leur durabilité face à diverses menaces telles que la surexploitation et le changement climatique. Grâce à l'analyse de divers aspects concernant les interactions entre l'homme et les mammifères marins - y compris la consommation, les croyances culturelles et religieuses, l'utilisation en médecine traditionnelle et les impacts négatifs, par exemple les prises accessoires et la surpêche - les pressions importantes exercées sur ces espèces sont mises en évidence dans cette revue systématique. Malgré les efforts de conservation, certaines populations de mammifères marins continuent de décliner, nécessitant des recherches et des mesures politiques plus robustes. La nécessité de poursuivre les recherches sur l'utilisation durable des mammifères marins, en tenant compte des aspects sanitaires, écologiques, économiques, éthiques et culturels, ainsi que de l'accumulation de polluants chez les mammifères marins, est soulignée. En outre, une liste complète des lacunes dans les connaissances et des orientations de recherche futures est fournie pour améliorer notre compréhension et notre conservation de ces créatures marines uniques. Casi el 80 % de los océanos, especialmente el Ártico y el Subártico, están habitados principalmente por mamíferos marinos. Las especies marinas dependen principalmente del hielo marino para alimentarse, criar a sus crías y protegerse de los depredadores. El consumo de mamíferos marinos siempre se ha recomendado como saludable, pero la verdad es que puede ser perjudicial para la salud humana debido a la contaminación del agua de mar por basura y productos químicos. Esta revisión sistemática proporciona un examen en profundidad de los mamíferos marinos, su compleja relación con los humanos y su sostenibilidad frente a diversas amenazas como la sobreexplotación y el cambio climático. A través del análisis de varios aspectos relacionados con las interacciones entre humanos y mamíferos marinos, incluido el consumo, las creencias culturales y religiosas, el uso en la medicina tradicional y los impactos negativos de, por ejemplo, la captura incidental y la sobrepesca, las presiones significativas ejercidas sobre estas especies se destacan en esta revisión sistemática. A pesar de los esfuerzos de protección, ciertas poblaciones de mamíferos marinos continúan disminuyendo, lo que requiere una investigación y una acción política más sólidas. Se subraya la necesidad de una mayor investigación sobre la utilización sostenible de los mamíferos marinos, teniendo en cuenta los aspectos sanitarios, ecológicos, económicos, éticos y culturales, así como la acumulación de contaminantes en los mamíferos marinos. Además, se proporciona una lista completa de las lagunas de conocimiento y las futuras direcciones de investigación para mejorar nuestra comprensión y protección de estas criaturas marinas únicas. Almost 80 % of the oceans, especially the Arctic and Subarctic are primarily inhabited by marine mammals. Marine species depend mostly on sea ice for food, raising their young ones and safeguarding themselves from predators. Consumption of marine mammals has always been recommended as healthy, but the truth is that it can be detrimental for human health because of sea water pollution from trash and chemicals. This systematic review provides an in-depth examination of sea mammals, their complex relationship with humans, and their sustainability in the face of various threats such as overexploitation and climate change. Through analysis of various aspects regarding human-sea mammal interactions - including consumption, cultural and religious beliefs, use in traditional medicine, and negative impacts from, e.g. by-catch and overfishing - the significant pressures exerted on these species are highlighted in this systematic review. Despite conservation efforts, certain sea mammal populations continue to decline, necessitating more robust research and policy action. The need for further research into the sustainable utilisation of sea mammals, considering health, ecological, economic, ethical and cultural aspects, as well as the accumulation of pollutants in sea mammals, is underscored. Additionally, a comprehensive list of knowledge gaps and future research directions are provided to enhance our understanding and conservation of these unique marine creatures. ما يقرب من 80 ٪ من المحيطات، وخاصة في القطب الشمالي وشبه القطبي، تسكنها في المقام الأول الثدييات البحرية. تعتمد الأنواع البحرية في الغالب على الجليد البحري في الغذاء، وتربية صغارها وحماية نفسها من الحيوانات المفترسة. لطالما أوصي باستهلاك الثدييات البحرية على أنه صحي، ولكن الحقيقة هي أنه يمكن أن يكون ضارًا بصحة الإنسان بسبب تلوث مياه البحر من القمامة والمواد الكيميائية. توفر هذه المراجعة المنهجية فحصًا متعمقًا للثدييات البحرية وعلاقتها المعقدة بالبشر واستدامتها في مواجهة التهديدات المختلفة مثل الاستغلال المفرط وتغير المناخ. من خلال تحليل الجوانب المختلفة المتعلقة بتفاعلات الثدييات بين الإنسان والبحر - بما في ذلك الاستهلاك والمعتقدات الثقافية والدينية والاستخدام في الطب التقليدي والآثار السلبية الناجمة عن الصيد العرضي والصيد الجائر - يتم تسليط الضوء على الضغوط الكبيرة التي تمارس على هذه الأنواع في هذه المراجعة المنهجية. على الرغم من جهود الحفظ، تستمر بعض مجموعات الثدييات البحرية في الانخفاض، مما يتطلب إجراء المزيد من الأبحاث والإجراءات السياسية القوية. تم التأكيد على الحاجة إلى مزيد من البحث في الاستخدام المستدام للثدييات البحرية، مع الأخذ في الاعتبار الجوانب الصحية والبيئية والاقتصادية والأخلاقية والثقافية، فضلاً عن تراكم الملوثات في الثدييات البحرية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يتم توفير قائمة شاملة بالفجوات المعرفية والتوجهات البحثية المستقبلية لتعزيز فهمنا لهذه المخلوقات البحرية الفريدة والحفاظ عليها.

The increasingly fierce competition in food trends requires producers to innovate and develop new foods to be accepted and to avoid neophobia by consumers at the same time. Food neophobia’s motivational adoption barriers include the consumption of novel foods, social norms and conflicting eating goals. Therefore, appropriate strategies are needed to avoid neophobia amid the presence of new food trends in the market. Efforts to avoid food neophobia can also be accepted as part of the sustainability concept, in which the consumer has new foods to choose from in order to reduce scarcity in one particular type of food. The food industry is also challenged to produce healthy food by producing food from natural ingredients. In this article, new food trends and advances in food processing are described, and through them, strategies to avoid neophobia and increase consumer acceptance of new food trends are referenced. Neophobia meets marketing food products delivered to consumers facing motivational adoption barriers, such as the consumption of novel foods, social norms and conflicting eating goals, which are indicated to be challenges to purchase drivers in new food trends. Tasting foods is indicated as one of the most efficient means to ensure neophobia reduction in new foods and new food trends. Other factors identified to reduce food neophobia are education, income, taste and exposure to novel foods. Some preconditions for novel foods to be accepted by consumers are related to the very nature of food innovation, the manufacturer’s features and market circumstances. Food processed with advanced technologies may differ depending on the brand of the food production company and the knowledge of consumers about the novel foods. Moreover, food technology is seen as more acceptable for plant food products based or natural ingredients for consumers. In addition to the focus on health benefits, it is supports the sustainability of food systems. Another accidental element is the transparent traceability system providing accurate and adequate information about such novel foods.

Abstract Rising global population and sustainable protein demand have sparked interest in unique food sources. Entomophagy, or insect consumption, presents a solution and Scarab beetles, part of the Scarabaeidae family, offer a novel food option. The comprehensive review underscores their potential as human food, with strong nutrition, low environmental impact, and the ability to ease strain on conventional agriculture. Nutritional analysis reveals rich protein content, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Scarab beetles’ beneficial fatty acid profile and healthy fats position them as a superior protein source to traditional livestock. Scarabaeidae excel in feed conversion, emit fewer greenhouse gases, and require minimal land, establishing them as an ecologically sustainable protein source. Cultural attitudes towards insect consumption vary; history exists in some regions while skepticism prevails in others. Highlighting nutritional advantages, organizing outreach, and introducing processed scarab products could enhance acceptance. The review addresses challenges including mass rearing, processing, allergens, and toxins. Evolving insect-based food regulations require cautious consideration. Success depends on multidisciplinary efforts including nutrition, environmental sustainability, cultural openness, and regulatory alignment. Continued research and collaboration are essential to fully unlock Scarabaeidae’s potential as a sustainable, nutritious food source for our growing global population.

ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des labatoires publics ou privés.

Due to rapid globalization in the world, the understanding of cultural differences, such as beliefs, values, ways of thinking, and perceptions about new technologies in food processing have also increased. Since the 1990s, when genetically modified (GM) foods were introduced into the food supply, they have provoked many debates. In this review, it was identified and discussed how social and psychological factors influence public attitudes to GM foods and the perceptions of consumers in using GM foods. According to this review, GM foods are deemed unnatural and artificial, thus affecting the overall acceptance of their application. Due to the concerns about their effects on the environment and human health, people expect an assessment of the known or possible dangers, as well as the preventative management of the risks. Providing adequate information about GM foods via a compulsory labeling policy may serve as an appropriate way to increase public awareness and acceptance of GM foods.