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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Feyisa, Kenea; Beyene, Sheleme; orcid Megersa, Bekele;
    Megersa, Bekele
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Megersa, Bekele in OpenAIRE
    Said, Mohammed Y.; +2 Authors

    We developed species specific equations to predict aboveground biomass (AGB) of ten woody species in Borana rangelands of southern Ethiopia. A total of 150 plants 15 for each species were measured for biometric variables including the diameter at stump height (DSH), diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (TH) and crown diameters were destructively harvested to obtain dry biomass. Many equations that related three biomass components: total aboveground, stem and branches to single or combination of predicator variables: DSH, DBH, TH, crown area (CA) and crown volume (CV) fit the data well to predict total AGB and by components for each of the species (adj.R2 > 0.80; P 0.80; P 0.93; P < 0.0001. A generalized mixed-species allometric model developed from the pooled data of seven species was most accurately predicted by the combination of three predicators (DSH-TH-CA models), with adj. R2 between 0.84 and 0.90 for all AGB categories. Hence, our species-specific allometric models could be adopted for the indirect biomass estimation in semi-arid savanna ecosystem of southern Ethiopia. The mixed species allometric models will give a good opportunity when species-specific equations are not available and contribute to estimate the biomass and carbon stock in woody vegetations of East African rangelands.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Agroforestry Systems
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Agroforestry Systems
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Springer TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Feyisa, Kenea; Beyene, Sheleme; orcid Megersa, Bekele;
    Megersa, Bekele
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Megersa, Bekele in OpenAIRE
    Said, Mohammed Y.; +2 Authors

    We developed species specific equations to predict aboveground biomass (AGB) of ten woody species in Borana rangelands of southern Ethiopia. A total of 150 plants 15 for each species were measured for biometric variables including the diameter at stump height (DSH), diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (TH) and crown diameters were destructively harvested to obtain dry biomass. Many equations that related three biomass components: total aboveground, stem and branches to single or combination of predicator variables: DSH, DBH, TH, crown area (CA) and crown volume (CV) fit the data well to predict total AGB and by components for each of the species (adj.R2 > 0.80; P 0.80; P 0.93; P < 0.0001. A generalized mixed-species allometric model developed from the pooled data of seven species was most accurately predicted by the combination of three predicators (DSH-TH-CA models), with adj. R2 between 0.84 and 0.90 for all AGB categories. Hence, our species-specific allometric models could be adopted for the indirect biomass estimation in semi-arid savanna ecosystem of southern Ethiopia. The mixed species allometric models will give a good opportunity when species-specific equations are not available and contribute to estimate the biomass and carbon stock in woody vegetations of East African rangelands.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Agroforestry Systems
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim
    27
    citations27
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceTop 10%
    impulseTop 10%
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Agroforestry Systems
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Springer TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid bw de Leeuw, J.;
    de Leeuw, J.
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    de Leeuw, J. in OpenAIRE
    Osano, P.; Said, M.; Ayantunde, A.A.; +5 Authors

    The African pastoral farming system consists of livestock and drylands crop-based production that supports an agricultural population of 38 million people of whom 13.4 million in sub-Saharan Africa are extremely poor. Human population growth has resulted in low per capita livestock and land resources, and while the farming system has options to develop agriculture, further demographic expansion will exacerbate degradation and inequality. While there is potential for agricultural development, e.g. through intensification and greater market orientation, such development needs to take into account pastoral peoples’ access rights to resources and minimize trade-offs with current land and water users. Effective drought management, a key to the success of pastoralism, relies on multiple resource management strategies and community interactions. Therefore, there is a need for policies that strengthen the resilience of agriculture and pastoralists livelihoods through, e.g. support to livestock mobility, agricultural insurance, sustainable land and water management as well as monetary and legal support for effective implementation. Interventions that strengthen opportunities for a future outside agriculture, such as education and job creation, are needed for those living in chronic poverty.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2019
    Data sources: Research@WUR
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR
    Other literature type . 2019
    Data sources: Research@WUR
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2019
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2019
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid bw de Leeuw, J.;
    de Leeuw, J.
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    de Leeuw, J. in OpenAIRE
    Osano, P.; Said, M.; Ayantunde, A.A.; +5 Authors

    The African pastoral farming system consists of livestock and drylands crop-based production that supports an agricultural population of 38 million people of whom 13.4 million in sub-Saharan Africa are extremely poor. Human population growth has resulted in low per capita livestock and land resources, and while the farming system has options to develop agriculture, further demographic expansion will exacerbate degradation and inequality. While there is potential for agricultural development, e.g. through intensification and greater market orientation, such development needs to take into account pastoral peoples’ access rights to resources and minimize trade-offs with current land and water users. Effective drought management, a key to the success of pastoralism, relies on multiple resource management strategies and community interactions. Therefore, there is a need for policies that strengthen the resilience of agriculture and pastoralists livelihoods through, e.g. support to livestock mobility, agricultural insurance, sustainable land and water management as well as monetary and legal support for effective implementation. Interventions that strengthen opportunities for a future outside agriculture, such as education and job creation, are needed for those living in chronic poverty.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2019
    Data sources: Research@WUR
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR
    Other literature type . 2019
    Data sources: Research@WUR
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2019
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2019
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Gert Nyberg;
    Gert Nyberg
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Gert Nyberg in OpenAIRE
    Ewa Wredle; Julia Wernersson; Julia Wernersson; +19 Authors

    Les systèmes de production animale des terres arides changent dans de nombreuses régions du monde, en raison de la croissance des populations humaines et de la pression associée sur l'eau et les terres. Sur la base d'une combinaison de méthodes de sciences sociales et naturelles, nous avons étudié un processus de transformation de 30 ans du pastoralisme à un système agro-pastoral basé sur l'élevage dans le nord-ouest du Kenya, dans le but général d'accroître la compréhension de la transition en cours vers des systèmes de production agro-pastorale intensifiés dans les zones arides d'Afrique de l'Est. La clé de cette transformation a été l'utilisation de clôtures pour la réhabilitation des terres, la production de fourrage et la gestion des terres et du bétail. Les enclos ont plus de carbone dans le sol et une couverture végétale plus élevée que les zones adjacentes où le pâturage est ouvert. Le niveau d'adoption des enclos comme outil de gestion a été très élevé, et leur utilisation a permis la diversification agricole, par exemple l'augmentation de l'agriculture végétale, la production de volaille et l'inclusion d'un bétail amélioré. Suite à l'utilisation des enclos, les moyens de subsistance sont devenus moins dépendants de la migration du bétail, sont de plus en plus orientés vers l'agro-industrie et présentent de nouvelles opportunités et contraintes pour les femmes. Ces changements de moyens de subsistance sont étroitement associés et dépendent d'une privatisation en cours des terres sous différents régimes fonciers. Les résultats indiquent que la transformation observée offre des opportunités pour une voie vers un système agro-pastoral durable basé sur l'élevage qui pourrait être valable dans de nombreuses zones arides en Afrique de l'Est. Cependant, nous montrons également que les risques émergents de conflits et d'inégalités par rapport à la terre, déclenchés par l'affaiblissement des droits de propriété collective, constituent une menace pour la durabilité de cette voie. Los sistemas de producción ganadera de las tierras secas están cambiando en muchas partes del mundo, como resultado del crecimiento de la población humana y la presión asociada sobre el agua y la tierra. Basándonos en una combinación de métodos de ciencias sociales y naturales, estudiamos un proceso de transformación de 30 años del pastoreo a un sistema agro-pastoral basado en la ganadería en el noroeste de Kenia, con el objetivo general de aumentar la comprensión de la transición en curso hacia sistemas de producción agro-pastoralistas intensificados en las tierras secas de África Oriental. La clave de esta transformación fue el uso de recintos para la rehabilitación de tierras, la producción de forrajes y la gestión de tierras y ganado. Los recintos tienen más carbono del suelo y una cobertura vegetal más alta que las áreas adyacentes con pastoreo abierto. El nivel de adopción de los recintos como herramienta de gestión ha sido muy alto, y su uso ha permitido la diversificación agrícola, por ejemplo, el aumento de la agricultura de cultivos, la producción avícola y la inclusión de ganado mejorado. Tras el uso de recintos, los medios de vida se han vuelto menos dependientes de la migración ganadera, se dirigen cada vez más hacia los agronegocios y presentan nuevas oportunidades y limitaciones para las mujeres. Estos cambios en los medios de subsistencia están estrechamente asociados y dependen de una privatización continua de la tierra bajo diferentes regímenes de tenencia. Los resultados indican que la transformación observada ofrece oportunidades para un camino hacia un sistema agro-pastoral sostenible basado en la ganadería que podría ser válido en muchas zonas de tierras secas en África Oriental. Sin embargo, también mostramos que los riesgos emergentes de conflictos y desigualdades en relación con la tierra, desencadenados por el debilitamiento de los derechos de propiedad colectiva, representan una amenaza para la sostenibilidad de esta vía. Dryland livestock production systems are changing in many parts of the world, as a result of growing human populations and associated pressure on water and land. Based on a combination of social and natural science methods, we studied a 30-year transformation process from pastoralism to a livestock-based agro-pastoral system in northwestern Kenya, with the overall aim to increase the understanding of the ongoing transition towards intensified agro-pastoralist production systems in dryland East Africa. Key to this transformation was the use of enclosures for land rehabilitation, fodder production, and land and livestock management. Enclosures have more soil carbon and a higher vegetation cover than adjacent areas with open grazing. The level of adoption of enclosures as a management tool has been very high, and their use has enabled agricultural diversification, e.g. increased crop agriculture, poultry production and the inclusion of improved livestock. Following the use of enclosures, livelihoods have become less dependent on livestock migration, are increasingly directed towards agribusinesses and present new opportunities and constraints for women. These livelihood changes are closely associated with, and depend on, an ongoing privatization of land under different tenure regimes. The results indicate that the observed transformation provides opportunities for a pathway towards a sustainable livestock-based agro-pastoral system that could be valid in many dryland areas in East Africa. However, we also show that emergent risks of conflicts and inequalities in relation to land, triggered by the weakening of collective property rights, pose a threat to the sustainability of this pathway. تتغير أنظمة إنتاج الثروة الحيوانية في الأراضي الجافة في أجزاء كثيرة من العالم، نتيجة لتزايد عدد السكان والضغوط المرتبطة بالمياه والأراضي. استنادًا إلى مزيج من أساليب العلوم الاجتماعية والطبيعية، درسنا عملية تحول مدتها 30 عامًا من الرعي إلى نظام زراعي رعوي قائم على الثروة الحيوانية في شمال غرب كينيا، بهدف عام لزيادة فهم الانتقال المستمر نحو أنظمة الإنتاج الزراعي الرعوي المكثف في الأراضي الجافة شرق إفريقيا. كان مفتاح هذا التحول هو استخدام العبوات لإعادة تأهيل الأراضي وإنتاج الأعلاف وإدارة الأراضي والثروة الحيوانية. تحتوي الأسوار على كمية أكبر من الكربون في التربة وغطاء نباتي أعلى من المناطق المجاورة ذات المراعي المفتوحة. كان مستوى اعتماد العبوات كأداة إدارة مرتفعًا للغاية، وقد مكن استخدامها من التنويع الزراعي، على سبيل المثال زيادة زراعة المحاصيل وإنتاج الدواجن وإدراج الثروة الحيوانية المحسنة. بعد استخدام البيوت المغلقة، أصبحت سبل العيش أقل اعتمادًا على هجرة الماشية، وأصبحت موجهة بشكل متزايد نحو الأعمال التجارية الزراعية وتقدم فرصًا وقيودًا جديدة للنساء. ترتبط هذه التغييرات في سبل العيش ارتباطًا وثيقًا بالخصخصة المستمرة للأراضي بموجب أنظمة حيازة مختلفة وتعتمد عليها. تشير النتائج إلى أن التحول الملحوظ يوفر فرصًا لمسار نحو نظام زراعي رعوي مستدام قائم على الثروة الحيوانية يمكن أن يكون صالحًا في العديد من مناطق الأراضي الجافة في شرق إفريقيا. ومع ذلك، فإننا نظهر أيضًا أن المخاطر الناشئة للنزاعات وعدم المساواة فيما يتعلق بالأراضي، الناجمة عن إضعاف حقوق الملكية الجماعية، تشكل تهديدًا لاستدامة هذا المسار.

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    Authors: orcid Gert Nyberg;
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    Ewa Wredle; Julia Wernersson; Julia Wernersson; +19 Authors

    Les systèmes de production animale des terres arides changent dans de nombreuses régions du monde, en raison de la croissance des populations humaines et de la pression associée sur l'eau et les terres. Sur la base d'une combinaison de méthodes de sciences sociales et naturelles, nous avons étudié un processus de transformation de 30 ans du pastoralisme à un système agro-pastoral basé sur l'élevage dans le nord-ouest du Kenya, dans le but général d'accroître la compréhension de la transition en cours vers des systèmes de production agro-pastorale intensifiés dans les zones arides d'Afrique de l'Est. La clé de cette transformation a été l'utilisation de clôtures pour la réhabilitation des terres, la production de fourrage et la gestion des terres et du bétail. Les enclos ont plus de carbone dans le sol et une couverture végétale plus élevée que les zones adjacentes où le pâturage est ouvert. Le niveau d'adoption des enclos comme outil de gestion a été très élevé, et leur utilisation a permis la diversification agricole, par exemple l'augmentation de l'agriculture végétale, la production de volaille et l'inclusion d'un bétail amélioré. Suite à l'utilisation des enclos, les moyens de subsistance sont devenus moins dépendants de la migration du bétail, sont de plus en plus orientés vers l'agro-industrie et présentent de nouvelles opportunités et contraintes pour les femmes. Ces changements de moyens de subsistance sont étroitement associés et dépendent d'une privatisation en cours des terres sous différents régimes fonciers. Les résultats indiquent que la transformation observée offre des opportunités pour une voie vers un système agro-pastoral durable basé sur l'élevage qui pourrait être valable dans de nombreuses zones arides en Afrique de l'Est. Cependant, nous montrons également que les risques émergents de conflits et d'inégalités par rapport à la terre, déclenchés par l'affaiblissement des droits de propriété collective, constituent une menace pour la durabilité de cette voie. Los sistemas de producción ganadera de las tierras secas están cambiando en muchas partes del mundo, como resultado del crecimiento de la población humana y la presión asociada sobre el agua y la tierra. Basándonos en una combinación de métodos de ciencias sociales y naturales, estudiamos un proceso de transformación de 30 años del pastoreo a un sistema agro-pastoral basado en la ganadería en el noroeste de Kenia, con el objetivo general de aumentar la comprensión de la transición en curso hacia sistemas de producción agro-pastoralistas intensificados en las tierras secas de África Oriental. La clave de esta transformación fue el uso de recintos para la rehabilitación de tierras, la producción de forrajes y la gestión de tierras y ganado. Los recintos tienen más carbono del suelo y una cobertura vegetal más alta que las áreas adyacentes con pastoreo abierto. El nivel de adopción de los recintos como herramienta de gestión ha sido muy alto, y su uso ha permitido la diversificación agrícola, por ejemplo, el aumento de la agricultura de cultivos, la producción avícola y la inclusión de ganado mejorado. Tras el uso de recintos, los medios de vida se han vuelto menos dependientes de la migración ganadera, se dirigen cada vez más hacia los agronegocios y presentan nuevas oportunidades y limitaciones para las mujeres. Estos cambios en los medios de subsistencia están estrechamente asociados y dependen de una privatización continua de la tierra bajo diferentes regímenes de tenencia. Los resultados indican que la transformación observada ofrece oportunidades para un camino hacia un sistema agro-pastoral sostenible basado en la ganadería que podría ser válido en muchas zonas de tierras secas en África Oriental. Sin embargo, también mostramos que los riesgos emergentes de conflictos y desigualdades en relación con la tierra, desencadenados por el debilitamiento de los derechos de propiedad colectiva, representan una amenaza para la sostenibilidad de esta vía. Dryland livestock production systems are changing in many parts of the world, as a result of growing human populations and associated pressure on water and land. Based on a combination of social and natural science methods, we studied a 30-year transformation process from pastoralism to a livestock-based agro-pastoral system in northwestern Kenya, with the overall aim to increase the understanding of the ongoing transition towards intensified agro-pastoralist production systems in dryland East Africa. Key to this transformation was the use of enclosures for land rehabilitation, fodder production, and land and livestock management. Enclosures have more soil carbon and a higher vegetation cover than adjacent areas with open grazing. The level of adoption of enclosures as a management tool has been very high, and their use has enabled agricultural diversification, e.g. increased crop agriculture, poultry production and the inclusion of improved livestock. Following the use of enclosures, livelihoods have become less dependent on livestock migration, are increasingly directed towards agribusinesses and present new opportunities and constraints for women. These livelihood changes are closely associated with, and depend on, an ongoing privatization of land under different tenure regimes. The results indicate that the observed transformation provides opportunities for a pathway towards a sustainable livestock-based agro-pastoral system that could be valid in many dryland areas in East Africa. However, we also show that emergent risks of conflicts and inequalities in relation to land, triggered by the weakening of collective property rights, pose a threat to the sustainability of this pathway. تتغير أنظمة إنتاج الثروة الحيوانية في الأراضي الجافة في أجزاء كثيرة من العالم، نتيجة لتزايد عدد السكان والضغوط المرتبطة بالمياه والأراضي. استنادًا إلى مزيج من أساليب العلوم الاجتماعية والطبيعية، درسنا عملية تحول مدتها 30 عامًا من الرعي إلى نظام زراعي رعوي قائم على الثروة الحيوانية في شمال غرب كينيا، بهدف عام لزيادة فهم الانتقال المستمر نحو أنظمة الإنتاج الزراعي الرعوي المكثف في الأراضي الجافة شرق إفريقيا. كان مفتاح هذا التحول هو استخدام العبوات لإعادة تأهيل الأراضي وإنتاج الأعلاف وإدارة الأراضي والثروة الحيوانية. تحتوي الأسوار على كمية أكبر من الكربون في التربة وغطاء نباتي أعلى من المناطق المجاورة ذات المراعي المفتوحة. كان مستوى اعتماد العبوات كأداة إدارة مرتفعًا للغاية، وقد مكن استخدامها من التنويع الزراعي، على سبيل المثال زيادة زراعة المحاصيل وإنتاج الدواجن وإدراج الثروة الحيوانية المحسنة. بعد استخدام البيوت المغلقة، أصبحت سبل العيش أقل اعتمادًا على هجرة الماشية، وأصبحت موجهة بشكل متزايد نحو الأعمال التجارية الزراعية وتقدم فرصًا وقيودًا جديدة للنساء. ترتبط هذه التغييرات في سبل العيش ارتباطًا وثيقًا بالخصخصة المستمرة للأراضي بموجب أنظمة حيازة مختلفة وتعتمد عليها. تشير النتائج إلى أن التحول الملحوظ يوفر فرصًا لمسار نحو نظام زراعي رعوي مستدام قائم على الثروة الحيوانية يمكن أن يكون صالحًا في العديد من مناطق الأراضي الجافة في شرق إفريقيا. ومع ذلك، فإننا نظهر أيضًا أن المخاطر الناشئة للنزاعات وعدم المساواة فيما يتعلق بالأراضي، الناجمة عن إضعاف حقوق الملكية الجماعية، تشكل تهديدًا لاستدامة هذا المسار.

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      Pastoralism
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/y1...
      Other literature type . 2015
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/pa...
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    Authors: orcid Jalava, Mika;
    Jalava, Mika
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    orcid de Leeuw, Jan;
    de Leeuw, Jan
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    orcid Rizayeva, Afag;
    Rizayeva, Afag
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    Rizayeva, Afag in OpenAIRE
    orcid Godde, Cecile;
    Godde, Cecile
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Godde, Cecile in OpenAIRE
    +5 Authors

    AbstractAlthough the role of livestock in future food systems is debated, animal proteins are unlikely to completely disappear from our diet. Grasslands are a key source of primary productivity for livestock, and feed‐food competition is often limited on such land. Previous research on the potential for sustainable grazing has focused on restricted geographical areas or does not consider inter‐annual changes in grazing opportunities. Here, we developed a robust method to estimate trends and interannual variability (IV) in global livestock carrying capacity (number of grazing animals a piece of land can support) over 2001–2015, as well as relative stocking density (the reported livestock distribution relative to the estimated carrying capacity [CC]) in 2010. We first estimated the aboveground biomass that is available for grazers on global grasslands based on the MODIS Net Primary Production product. This was then used to calculate livestock carrying capacities using slopes, forest cover, and animal forage requirements as restrictions. We found that globally, CC decreased on 27% of total grasslands area, mostly in Europe and southeastern Brazil, while it increased on 15% of grasslands, particularly in Sudano‐Sahel and some parts of South America. In 2010, livestock forage requirements exceeded forage availability in northwestern Europe, and southern and eastern Asia. Although our findings imply some opportunities to increase grazing pressures in cold regions, Central Africa, and Australia, the high IV or low biomass supply might prevent considerable increases in stocking densities. The approach and derived open access data sets can feed into global food system modelling, support conservation efforts to reduce land degradation associated with overgrazing, and help identify undergrazed areas for targeted sustainable intensification efforts or rewilding purposes.

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    Global Change Biology
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    Global Change Biology
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      Global Change Biology
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      Global Change Biology
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    Authors: orcid Jalava, Mika;
    Jalava, Mika
    ORCID
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    Jalava, Mika in OpenAIRE
    orcid de Leeuw, Jan;
    de Leeuw, Jan
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    de Leeuw, Jan in OpenAIRE
    orcid Rizayeva, Afag;
    Rizayeva, Afag
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    Rizayeva, Afag in OpenAIRE
    orcid Godde, Cecile;
    Godde, Cecile
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Godde, Cecile in OpenAIRE
    +5 Authors

    AbstractAlthough the role of livestock in future food systems is debated, animal proteins are unlikely to completely disappear from our diet. Grasslands are a key source of primary productivity for livestock, and feed‐food competition is often limited on such land. Previous research on the potential for sustainable grazing has focused on restricted geographical areas or does not consider inter‐annual changes in grazing opportunities. Here, we developed a robust method to estimate trends and interannual variability (IV) in global livestock carrying capacity (number of grazing animals a piece of land can support) over 2001–2015, as well as relative stocking density (the reported livestock distribution relative to the estimated carrying capacity [CC]) in 2010. We first estimated the aboveground biomass that is available for grazers on global grasslands based on the MODIS Net Primary Production product. This was then used to calculate livestock carrying capacities using slopes, forest cover, and animal forage requirements as restrictions. We found that globally, CC decreased on 27% of total grasslands area, mostly in Europe and southeastern Brazil, while it increased on 15% of grasslands, particularly in Sudano‐Sahel and some parts of South America. In 2010, livestock forage requirements exceeded forage availability in northwestern Europe, and southern and eastern Asia. Although our findings imply some opportunities to increase grazing pressures in cold regions, Central Africa, and Australia, the high IV or low biomass supply might prevent considerable increases in stocking densities. The approach and derived open access data sets can feed into global food system modelling, support conservation efforts to reduce land degradation associated with overgrazing, and help identify undergrazed areas for targeted sustainable intensification efforts or rewilding purposes.

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    Global Change Biology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Global Change Biology
    Article . 2022
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      Global Change Biology
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      Global Change Biology
      Article . 2022
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    Authors: orcid Caroline K. Bosire;
    Caroline K. Bosire
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    Caroline K. Bosire in OpenAIRE
    orcid Nadhem Mtimet;
    Nadhem Mtimet
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    Nadhem Mtimet in OpenAIRE
    orcid Dolapo Enahoro;
    Dolapo Enahoro
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    Dolapo Enahoro in OpenAIRE
    Joseph O. Ogutu; +4 Authors

    La croissance démographique et la prospérité croissante augmentent la demande de produits agricoles. La croissance associée de la production augmente la dépendance aux ressources naturelles dans les pays qui tentent de répondre à une partie ou à la totalité de la nouvelle demande locale. Cette étude évalue l'impact de l'évolution de la production de viande et de lait sur l'utilisation des ressources naturelles au Kenya selon trois scénarios plausibles de développement socio-économique, à savoir les scénarios Business-As-Usual (BAU), Développement durable (SDP) et Kenya Vision 2030 (V2030). Le modèle d'IMPACT est utilisé pour estimer les paramètres de production projetés de bovins, ovins, caprins et chameaux pour la viande et le lait. Le BAU et le SDP représentent des scénarios standard pour le Kenya d'un modèle économique mondial, IMPACT, tandis que V2030 intègre dans le modèle des caractéristiques spécifiques au plan de développement national à moyen terme du Kenya. Nous utilisons les calculs de l'empreinte hydrique et de l'empreinte foncière comme indicateurs d'utilisation des ressources pour quantifier l'appropriation anticipée des ressources en eau et en terres pour la production et le commerce de viande et de lait d'ici 2040. Bien que les chiffres de la production laitière de chameaux augmentent le plus en quadruplant entre 2005 et 2040, c'est la production laitière de bovins qui a considérablement déterminé les gains de production entre les scénarios. Les gains de productivité dans le scénario SDP ne correspondent pas aux investissements réalisés, ce qui ne conduit qu'à des valeurs légèrement meilleures pour la productivité de l'eau et des terres que celles obtenues dans le scénario BAU. Par rapport au scénario BAU, l'amélioration de la productivité des terres dans le scénario V2030 est la plus spectaculaire pour la production de lait de pousses dans les systèmes arides et semi-arides, mais la moins marquée pour la production de lait de bovins dans le système humide. En quantifiant la productivité de l'eau et des terres à travers des systèmes de production hétérogènes, nos résultats peuvent aider les décideurs au Kenya et dans d'autres pays en développement à comprendre les implications des stratégies visant à augmenter la production agricole et animale nationale sur les ressources en eau et en terres à la fois localement et par le biais du commerce avec d'autres pays. El crecimiento de la población y el aumento de la riqueza aumentan la demanda de productos básicos agrícolas. El crecimiento asociado de la producción aumenta la dependencia de los recursos naturales en los países que intentan satisfacer parte o la totalidad de la nueva demanda a nivel local. Este estudio evalúa el impacto del cambio en la producción de carne y leche en el uso de recursos naturales en Kenia bajo tres escenarios plausibles de desarrollo socioeconómico, a saber, escenarios Business-As-Usual (BAU), Sustainable Development (SDP) y Kenya Vision 2030 (V2030). El modelo de IMPACTO se utiliza para estimar los parámetros proyectados de producción de carne y leche de vacuno, oveja, cabra y camello. La BAU y el SDP representan escenarios estándar para Kenia de un modelo económico global, IMPACT, mientras que V2030 incorpora en el modelo características específicas del plan de desarrollo nacional a mediano plazo de Kenia. Utilizamos cálculos de la huella hídrica y la huella de la tierra como indicadores del uso de los recursos para cuantificar la apropiación anticipada de los recursos hídricos y de la tierra para la producción y el comercio de carne y leche para 2040. Aunque los números de producción de leche de camello aumentan más al cuadruplicarse entre 2005 y 2040, es la producción de leche de vacuno la que determinó significativamente las ganancias en la producción entre los escenarios. Las ganancias de productividad en el escenario SDP no coinciden con las inversiones realizadas, lo que conduce a valores ligeramente mejores para la productividad del agua y la tierra que los logrados en el escenario BAU. En relación con el escenario BAU, la mejora en la productividad de la tierra en el escenario V2030 es la más dramática para la producción de leche de vacuno en los sistemas árido y semiárido, pero la menos marcada para la producción de leche de vacuno en el sistema húmedo. Al cuantificar la productividad del agua y la tierra en sistemas de producción heterogéneos, nuestros hallazgos pueden ayudar a los responsables de la toma de decisiones en Kenia y otros países en desarrollo a comprender las implicaciones de las estrategias destinadas a aumentar la producción agrícola y ganadera nacional en los recursos hídricos y terrestres tanto a nivel local como a través del comercio con otros países. Population growth and rising affluence increase the demand for agricultural commodities. Associated growth in production increases dependency on natural resources in countries that attempt to meet part or all of the new demand locally. This study assesses the impact of changing meat and milk production on natural resource use in Kenya under three plausible scenarios of socio-economic development, namely Business-As-Usual (BAU), Sustainable Development (SDP) and Kenya Vision 2030 (V2030) scenarios. The IMPACT model is used to estimate projected cattle, sheep, goats and camel production parameters for meat and milk. The BAU and SDP represent standard scenarios for Kenya of a global economic model, IMPACT, while V2030 incorporates in the model features specific to Kenya's medium-term national development plan. We use calculations of water footprint and land footprint as resource use indicators to quantify the anticipated appropriation of water and land resources for meat and milk production and trade by 2040. Though camel dairy production numbers increase the most by quadrupling between 2005 and 2040, it is cattle dairy production that significantly determined gains in production between the scenarios. Productivity gains under the SDP scenario does not match the investments made thereby leading to only slightly better values for water and land productivity than those achieved under the BAU scenario. Relative to the BAU scenario, improvement in land productivity under the V2030 scenario is the most dramatic for shoat milk production in the arid and semi-arid systems but the least marked for cattle milk production in the humid system. By quantifying water and land productivity across heterogenous production systems, our findings can aid decision-makers in Kenya and other developing countries to understand the implications of strategies aimed at increasing domestic agricultural and livestock production on water and land resources both locally and through trade with other countries. يؤدي النمو السكاني وارتفاع الثراء إلى زيادة الطلب على السلع الزراعية. ويزيد النمو المرتبط بالإنتاج من الاعتماد على الموارد الطبيعية في البلدان التي تحاول تلبية جزء من الطلب الجديد أو كله محليًا. تقيّم هذه الدراسة تأثير تغيير إنتاج اللحوم والحليب على استخدام الموارد الطبيعية في كينيا في إطار ثلاثة سيناريوهات معقولة للتنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، وهي سيناريوهات الأعمال كالمعتاد (BAU) والتنمية المستدامة (SDP) ورؤية كينيا 2030 (V2030). يستخدم نموذج التأثير لتقدير معايير إنتاج الماشية والأغنام والماعز والإبل المتوقعة للحوم والحليب. تمثل BAU و SDP سيناريوهات قياسية لكينيا لنموذج اقتصادي عالمي، وتأثير، بينما يدمج V2030 في النموذج ميزات محددة لخطة التنمية الوطنية متوسطة الأجل في كينيا. نستخدم حسابات البصمة المائية والبصمة الأرضية كمؤشرات لاستخدام الموارد لتحديد التخصيص المتوقع لموارد المياه والأراضي لإنتاج اللحوم والألبان وتجارتها بحلول عام 2040. على الرغم من أن أعداد إنتاج ألبان الإبل تزداد أكثر من غيرها بمقدار أربعة أضعاف بين عامي 2005 و 2040، إلا أن إنتاج ألبان الماشية هو الذي حدد بشكل كبير المكاسب في الإنتاج بين السيناريوهات. لا تتطابق مكاسب الإنتاجية في إطار سيناريو خطة التنمية المستدامة مع الاستثمارات التي تم إجراؤها، مما يؤدي إلى قيم أفضل قليلاً فقط لإنتاجية المياه والأراضي من تلك التي تحققت في إطار سيناريو العمل الاعتيادي. بالنسبة لسيناريو العمل الاعتيادي، فإن التحسن في إنتاجية الأراضي في إطار سيناريو V2030 هو الأكثر دراماتيكية لإنتاج حليب الشوفان في الأنظمة القاحلة وشبه القاحلة ولكنه الأقل وضوحًا لإنتاج حليب الماشية في النظام الرطب. من خلال قياس إنتاجية المياه والأراضي عبر أنظمة الإنتاج غير المتجانسة، يمكن أن تساعد النتائج التي توصلنا إليها صانعي القرار في كينيا والبلدان النامية الأخرى على فهم الآثار المترتبة على الاستراتيجيات التي تهدف إلى زيادة الإنتاج الزراعي والحيواني المحلي على موارد المياه والأراضي محليًا ومن خلال التجارة مع البلدان الأخرى.

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    Authors: orcid Caroline K. Bosire;
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    Joseph O. Ogutu; +4 Authors

    La croissance démographique et la prospérité croissante augmentent la demande de produits agricoles. La croissance associée de la production augmente la dépendance aux ressources naturelles dans les pays qui tentent de répondre à une partie ou à la totalité de la nouvelle demande locale. Cette étude évalue l'impact de l'évolution de la production de viande et de lait sur l'utilisation des ressources naturelles au Kenya selon trois scénarios plausibles de développement socio-économique, à savoir les scénarios Business-As-Usual (BAU), Développement durable (SDP) et Kenya Vision 2030 (V2030). Le modèle d'IMPACT est utilisé pour estimer les paramètres de production projetés de bovins, ovins, caprins et chameaux pour la viande et le lait. Le BAU et le SDP représentent des scénarios standard pour le Kenya d'un modèle économique mondial, IMPACT, tandis que V2030 intègre dans le modèle des caractéristiques spécifiques au plan de développement national à moyen terme du Kenya. Nous utilisons les calculs de l'empreinte hydrique et de l'empreinte foncière comme indicateurs d'utilisation des ressources pour quantifier l'appropriation anticipée des ressources en eau et en terres pour la production et le commerce de viande et de lait d'ici 2040. Bien que les chiffres de la production laitière de chameaux augmentent le plus en quadruplant entre 2005 et 2040, c'est la production laitière de bovins qui a considérablement déterminé les gains de production entre les scénarios. Les gains de productivité dans le scénario SDP ne correspondent pas aux investissements réalisés, ce qui ne conduit qu'à des valeurs légèrement meilleures pour la productivité de l'eau et des terres que celles obtenues dans le scénario BAU. Par rapport au scénario BAU, l'amélioration de la productivité des terres dans le scénario V2030 est la plus spectaculaire pour la production de lait de pousses dans les systèmes arides et semi-arides, mais la moins marquée pour la production de lait de bovins dans le système humide. En quantifiant la productivité de l'eau et des terres à travers des systèmes de production hétérogènes, nos résultats peuvent aider les décideurs au Kenya et dans d'autres pays en développement à comprendre les implications des stratégies visant à augmenter la production agricole et animale nationale sur les ressources en eau et en terres à la fois localement et par le biais du commerce avec d'autres pays. El crecimiento de la población y el aumento de la riqueza aumentan la demanda de productos básicos agrícolas. El crecimiento asociado de la producción aumenta la dependencia de los recursos naturales en los países que intentan satisfacer parte o la totalidad de la nueva demanda a nivel local. Este estudio evalúa el impacto del cambio en la producción de carne y leche en el uso de recursos naturales en Kenia bajo tres escenarios plausibles de desarrollo socioeconómico, a saber, escenarios Business-As-Usual (BAU), Sustainable Development (SDP) y Kenya Vision 2030 (V2030). El modelo de IMPACTO se utiliza para estimar los parámetros proyectados de producción de carne y leche de vacuno, oveja, cabra y camello. La BAU y el SDP representan escenarios estándar para Kenia de un modelo económico global, IMPACT, mientras que V2030 incorpora en el modelo características específicas del plan de desarrollo nacional a mediano plazo de Kenia. Utilizamos cálculos de la huella hídrica y la huella de la tierra como indicadores del uso de los recursos para cuantificar la apropiación anticipada de los recursos hídricos y de la tierra para la producción y el comercio de carne y leche para 2040. Aunque los números de producción de leche de camello aumentan más al cuadruplicarse entre 2005 y 2040, es la producción de leche de vacuno la que determinó significativamente las ganancias en la producción entre los escenarios. Las ganancias de productividad en el escenario SDP no coinciden con las inversiones realizadas, lo que conduce a valores ligeramente mejores para la productividad del agua y la tierra que los logrados en el escenario BAU. En relación con el escenario BAU, la mejora en la productividad de la tierra en el escenario V2030 es la más dramática para la producción de leche de vacuno en los sistemas árido y semiárido, pero la menos marcada para la producción de leche de vacuno en el sistema húmedo. Al cuantificar la productividad del agua y la tierra en sistemas de producción heterogéneos, nuestros hallazgos pueden ayudar a los responsables de la toma de decisiones en Kenia y otros países en desarrollo a comprender las implicaciones de las estrategias destinadas a aumentar la producción agrícola y ganadera nacional en los recursos hídricos y terrestres tanto a nivel local como a través del comercio con otros países. Population growth and rising affluence increase the demand for agricultural commodities. Associated growth in production increases dependency on natural resources in countries that attempt to meet part or all of the new demand locally. This study assesses the impact of changing meat and milk production on natural resource use in Kenya under three plausible scenarios of socio-economic development, namely Business-As-Usual (BAU), Sustainable Development (SDP) and Kenya Vision 2030 (V2030) scenarios. The IMPACT model is used to estimate projected cattle, sheep, goats and camel production parameters for meat and milk. The BAU and SDP represent standard scenarios for Kenya of a global economic model, IMPACT, while V2030 incorporates in the model features specific to Kenya's medium-term national development plan. We use calculations of water footprint and land footprint as resource use indicators to quantify the anticipated appropriation of water and land resources for meat and milk production and trade by 2040. Though camel dairy production numbers increase the most by quadrupling between 2005 and 2040, it is cattle dairy production that significantly determined gains in production between the scenarios. Productivity gains under the SDP scenario does not match the investments made thereby leading to only slightly better values for water and land productivity than those achieved under the BAU scenario. Relative to the BAU scenario, improvement in land productivity under the V2030 scenario is the most dramatic for shoat milk production in the arid and semi-arid systems but the least marked for cattle milk production in the humid system. By quantifying water and land productivity across heterogenous production systems, our findings can aid decision-makers in Kenya and other developing countries to understand the implications of strategies aimed at increasing domestic agricultural and livestock production on water and land resources both locally and through trade with other countries. يؤدي النمو السكاني وارتفاع الثراء إلى زيادة الطلب على السلع الزراعية. ويزيد النمو المرتبط بالإنتاج من الاعتماد على الموارد الطبيعية في البلدان التي تحاول تلبية جزء من الطلب الجديد أو كله محليًا. تقيّم هذه الدراسة تأثير تغيير إنتاج اللحوم والحليب على استخدام الموارد الطبيعية في كينيا في إطار ثلاثة سيناريوهات معقولة للتنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، وهي سيناريوهات الأعمال كالمعتاد (BAU) والتنمية المستدامة (SDP) ورؤية كينيا 2030 (V2030). يستخدم نموذج التأثير لتقدير معايير إنتاج الماشية والأغنام والماعز والإبل المتوقعة للحوم والحليب. تمثل BAU و SDP سيناريوهات قياسية لكينيا لنموذج اقتصادي عالمي، وتأثير، بينما يدمج V2030 في النموذج ميزات محددة لخطة التنمية الوطنية متوسطة الأجل في كينيا. نستخدم حسابات البصمة المائية والبصمة الأرضية كمؤشرات لاستخدام الموارد لتحديد التخصيص المتوقع لموارد المياه والأراضي لإنتاج اللحوم والألبان وتجارتها بحلول عام 2040. على الرغم من أن أعداد إنتاج ألبان الإبل تزداد أكثر من غيرها بمقدار أربعة أضعاف بين عامي 2005 و 2040، إلا أن إنتاج ألبان الماشية هو الذي حدد بشكل كبير المكاسب في الإنتاج بين السيناريوهات. لا تتطابق مكاسب الإنتاجية في إطار سيناريو خطة التنمية المستدامة مع الاستثمارات التي تم إجراؤها، مما يؤدي إلى قيم أفضل قليلاً فقط لإنتاجية المياه والأراضي من تلك التي تحققت في إطار سيناريو العمل الاعتيادي. بالنسبة لسيناريو العمل الاعتيادي، فإن التحسن في إنتاجية الأراضي في إطار سيناريو V2030 هو الأكثر دراماتيكية لإنتاج حليب الشوفان في الأنظمة القاحلة وشبه القاحلة ولكنه الأقل وضوحًا لإنتاج حليب الماشية في النظام الرطب. من خلال قياس إنتاجية المياه والأراضي عبر أنظمة الإنتاج غير المتجانسة، يمكن أن تساعد النتائج التي توصلنا إليها صانعي القرار في كينيا والبلدان النامية الأخرى على فهم الآثار المترتبة على الاستراتيجيات التي تهدف إلى زيادة الإنتاج الزراعي والحيواني المحلي على موارد المياه والأراضي محليًا ومن خلال التجارة مع البلدان الأخرى.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/f6...
      Other literature type . 2022
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/g2...
      Other literature type . 2022
      Data sources: Datacite
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