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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Zhou, Dezhi; Yang, Wenming; An, Hui; Li, Jing; +1 Authors

    A 3-D numerical simulation platform based on the KIVA4-CHEMKIN code was constructed by incorporating a newly developed skeletal chemical kinetics mechanism to study the reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. In the present study, methanol is assumed to be induced into the engine through the intake port, while biodiesel is directly injected into the engine by the end of the compression stroke. The skeletal biodiesel and methanol dual fuel chemical reaction mechanism coupled with CO, NOx and soot formation mechanisms was developed and validated by comparing the ignition delay predicted by the developed mechanism with that of the detailed biodiesel and methanol mechanisms, and also by comparing the simulation results of KIVA-CHEMKIN with the experimental results under different engine operating conditions. A good agreement has been achieved in terms of ignition delay, in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR). The methanol mass fraction was varied from 0% to 80% at an interval of 20% to form different reactivity stratification. Simulation results revealed that under 10% load conditions, the increasing methanol reduced the peak pressure and heat release rate, whereas under 50% and 100% loads, the peak pressure both appeared at 60% methanol induction. Also, the reactivity distribution and ringing intensity were discussed, aiming at investigating the fuel gradient effects and knocking level, respectively. For the emissions, a general decreasing trend on CO emission was observed at both 50% and 100% loads while at 10% load, a slight increasing trend was shown. In respect of NOx, it appeared that the emission under medium and high loads showed no tangible change with port methanol increase. However, a remarkable drop was observed at 10% load. Besides, the RCCI with more port-injection methanol showed a good ability to reduce soot emission.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Conversion and Management
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Zhou, Dezhi; Yang, Wenming; An, Hui; Li, Jing; +1 Authors

    A 3-D numerical simulation platform based on the KIVA4-CHEMKIN code was constructed by incorporating a newly developed skeletal chemical kinetics mechanism to study the reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. In the present study, methanol is assumed to be induced into the engine through the intake port, while biodiesel is directly injected into the engine by the end of the compression stroke. The skeletal biodiesel and methanol dual fuel chemical reaction mechanism coupled with CO, NOx and soot formation mechanisms was developed and validated by comparing the ignition delay predicted by the developed mechanism with that of the detailed biodiesel and methanol mechanisms, and also by comparing the simulation results of KIVA-CHEMKIN with the experimental results under different engine operating conditions. A good agreement has been achieved in terms of ignition delay, in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR). The methanol mass fraction was varied from 0% to 80% at an interval of 20% to form different reactivity stratification. Simulation results revealed that under 10% load conditions, the increasing methanol reduced the peak pressure and heat release rate, whereas under 50% and 100% loads, the peak pressure both appeared at 60% methanol induction. Also, the reactivity distribution and ringing intensity were discussed, aiming at investigating the fuel gradient effects and knocking level, respectively. For the emissions, a general decreasing trend on CO emission was observed at both 50% and 100% loads while at 10% load, a slight increasing trend was shown. In respect of NOx, it appeared that the emission under medium and high loads showed no tangible change with port methanol increase. However, a remarkable drop was observed at 10% load. Besides, the RCCI with more port-injection methanol showed a good ability to reduce soot emission.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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    114
    citations114
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Conversion and Management
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Jing Li; Kun Lin Tay; Siaw Kiang Chou; Feiyang Zhao; +4 Authors

    As the world faces energy shortages, it is highly desirable to look for alternative fuels that are sustainable and renewable. Ammonia is one such candidate. In this numerical study, ammonia is applied to a diesel engine via fumigation and a pilot fuel is used to ignite the premixed ammonia. Numerical simulations are carried out using the KIVA4-CHEMKIN code in order to better understand the effects of ammonia combustion on engine performance and emissions. It is seen from this study that ammonia reduces carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions as it replaces the carbon-based pilot fuels. Moreover, nitrogen oxide emissions decrease with little ammonia fumigation and increase with high ammonia fumigation. This is due to combustion temperature, ammonia quantity and ammonia-air kinetics. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that as the injection timing is advanced, primary as well as secondary heat-release peaks are observed. The secondary heat-release peak is due to the combustion of residual fuel near the cylinder liner as well as in the crevice region and this is caused by an increase in in-cylinder temperature as injection timing advances.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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    78
    citations78
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    impulseTop 10%
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Jing Li; Kun Lin Tay; Siaw Kiang Chou; Feiyang Zhao; +4 Authors

    As the world faces energy shortages, it is highly desirable to look for alternative fuels that are sustainable and renewable. Ammonia is one such candidate. In this numerical study, ammonia is applied to a diesel engine via fumigation and a pilot fuel is used to ignite the premixed ammonia. Numerical simulations are carried out using the KIVA4-CHEMKIN code in order to better understand the effects of ammonia combustion on engine performance and emissions. It is seen from this study that ammonia reduces carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions as it replaces the carbon-based pilot fuels. Moreover, nitrogen oxide emissions decrease with little ammonia fumigation and increase with high ammonia fumigation. This is due to combustion temperature, ammonia quantity and ammonia-air kinetics. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that as the injection timing is advanced, primary as well as secondary heat-release peaks are observed. The secondary heat-release peak is due to the combustion of residual fuel near the cylinder liner as well as in the crevice region and this is caused by an increase in in-cylinder temperature as injection timing advances.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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    78
    citations78
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Kun Lin Tay; Balaji Mohan; Wenbin Yu; Dezhi Zhou; +2 Authors

    Abstract A comprehensive simulation approach is important in order to better replicate the complex combustion process over a wide range of engine operating conditions. This will allow a more accurate understanding of crucial factors that affect engine combustion. In this study, the entire engine combustion process was systematically considered and a three-step hybrid simulation approach (THSA) was proposed in order to achieve a more accurate engine combustion simulation. For this approach, a so-called “full cavitation” model was selected for 3-dimensional (3D) internal nozzle flow study and a Kelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) model was used for 3D spray prediction wherein the flow variables at the nozzle outlet obtained through internal nozzle flow simulations were used as the input information in the KIVA4 code. Besides, a compact and accurate primary reference fuel (PRF) mechanism with 46 species and 144 reactions, which is coupled with a multi-step phenomenon soot model and energy balance analysis, was used for engine combustion simulation. Based on it, a numerical study was conducted for a comparison between conventional direct injection combustion (CDIC) and partially premix combustion (PPC) fueled with diesel, gasoline and diesel/gasoline blend fuel (GD). The final result indicates that with PPC and gasoline fuel, an optimized and high thermal efficiency of 52.5% can be realized along with extremely low NOx and soot emissions.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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    8
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Kun Lin Tay; Balaji Mohan; Wenbin Yu; Dezhi Zhou; +2 Authors

    Abstract A comprehensive simulation approach is important in order to better replicate the complex combustion process over a wide range of engine operating conditions. This will allow a more accurate understanding of crucial factors that affect engine combustion. In this study, the entire engine combustion process was systematically considered and a three-step hybrid simulation approach (THSA) was proposed in order to achieve a more accurate engine combustion simulation. For this approach, a so-called “full cavitation” model was selected for 3-dimensional (3D) internal nozzle flow study and a Kelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) model was used for 3D spray prediction wherein the flow variables at the nozzle outlet obtained through internal nozzle flow simulations were used as the input information in the KIVA4 code. Besides, a compact and accurate primary reference fuel (PRF) mechanism with 46 species and 144 reactions, which is coupled with a multi-step phenomenon soot model and energy balance analysis, was used for engine combustion simulation. Based on it, a numerical study was conducted for a comparison between conventional direct injection combustion (CDIC) and partially premix combustion (PPC) fueled with diesel, gasoline and diesel/gasoline blend fuel (GD). The final result indicates that with PPC and gasoline fuel, an optimized and high thermal efficiency of 52.5% can be realized along with extremely low NOx and soot emissions.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • Authors: Markus Kraft; Jing Li; Wenming Yang; Hui An; +1 Authors

    In this study, dynamic ϕ-T map analysis was applied to an RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engine fueled with NG (natural gas) and diesel. The combustion process of the engine was simulated by coupled KIVA4-CHEMKIN with a DOS (diesel oil surrogate) chemical mechanism. The ϕ-T maps were constructed by the mole fractions of soot and NO obtained from SENKIN and ϕ-T conditions from engine simulations. Five parameters, namely NG fraction, 1st SOI (start of injection) timing, 2nd SOI timing, 2nd injection duration and EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) rate were varied in certain ranges individually, and the ϕ-T maps were compared and analyzed under various conditions. The results revealed how the five parameters would shift the ϕ-T conditions and influence the soot-NO contour. Among the factors, EGR rate could limit the highest temperature due to its dilute effect, hence maintaining RCCI combustion within LTC (low temperature combustion) region. The second significant parameter is the premixed NG fraction. It could set the lowest temperature; moreover, the tendency of soot formation can be mitigated due to the lessened fuel impingement and the absence of C-C bond. Finally, the region of RCCI combustion was added to the commonly known ϕ-T map diagram.

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  • Authors: Markus Kraft; Jing Li; Wenming Yang; Hui An; +1 Authors

    In this study, dynamic ϕ-T map analysis was applied to an RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engine fueled with NG (natural gas) and diesel. The combustion process of the engine was simulated by coupled KIVA4-CHEMKIN with a DOS (diesel oil surrogate) chemical mechanism. The ϕ-T maps were constructed by the mole fractions of soot and NO obtained from SENKIN and ϕ-T conditions from engine simulations. Five parameters, namely NG fraction, 1st SOI (start of injection) timing, 2nd SOI timing, 2nd injection duration and EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) rate were varied in certain ranges individually, and the ϕ-T maps were compared and analyzed under various conditions. The results revealed how the five parameters would shift the ϕ-T conditions and influence the soot-NO contour. Among the factors, EGR rate could limit the highest temperature due to its dilute effect, hence maintaining RCCI combustion within LTC (low temperature combustion) region. The second significant parameter is the premixed NG fraction. It could set the lowest temperature; moreover, the tendency of soot formation can be mitigated due to the lessened fuel impingement and the absence of C-C bond. Finally, the region of RCCI combustion was added to the commonly known ϕ-T map diagram.

    addClaim

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zhou, Dezhi; Yang, Wenming; Li, Jing; Tay, Kun Lin; +1 Authors

    This study proposed a hybrid model consisting of a characteristic time combustion (CTC) model and a closed reactor model for the combustion modelling with detailed chemistry in RCCI engines. In the light of the basic idea of the CTC model of achieving chemical equilibrium in high temperature, this hybrid model uses the CTC model to solve the species conversion and heat release in the diffusion flame. Except for the diffusion flame, the auto-ignition in RCCI combustion is computed by a closed reactor model with the CHEMKIN library by assuming that the computational cells are closed reactors. The border of the transition between the CTC model and closed reactor model is determined by two criteria, a critical temperature and a critical Damkohler number. On the formulation of this hybrid model, emphasis is placed on coupling detailed chemistry into this hybrid model. A CEQ solver for species equilibrium calculations at certain temperature, pressure was embedded with CTC for detailed chemistry calculation. Then this combustion model was integrated with the CFD framework KIVA4 and the chemical library CHEMKIN-II and validated in a RCCI engine. The predicted in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) show a good consistency with the data from the experiment and better accuracy than that computed from the sole closed reactor model. More importantly, it is observed that this model could save computational time compared with closed reactor model due to less stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs) computation. A sensitivity analysis of the critical temperature and critical Damkohler number was conducted to demonstrate the effect of these two parameters in the current model.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Applied Energy
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Zhou, Dezhi; Yang, Wenming; Li, Jing; Tay, Kun Lin; +1 Authors

    This study proposed a hybrid model consisting of a characteristic time combustion (CTC) model and a closed reactor model for the combustion modelling with detailed chemistry in RCCI engines. In the light of the basic idea of the CTC model of achieving chemical equilibrium in high temperature, this hybrid model uses the CTC model to solve the species conversion and heat release in the diffusion flame. Except for the diffusion flame, the auto-ignition in RCCI combustion is computed by a closed reactor model with the CHEMKIN library by assuming that the computational cells are closed reactors. The border of the transition between the CTC model and closed reactor model is determined by two criteria, a critical temperature and a critical Damkohler number. On the formulation of this hybrid model, emphasis is placed on coupling detailed chemistry into this hybrid model. A CEQ solver for species equilibrium calculations at certain temperature, pressure was embedded with CTC for detailed chemistry calculation. Then this combustion model was integrated with the CFD framework KIVA4 and the chemical library CHEMKIN-II and validated in a RCCI engine. The predicted in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) show a good consistency with the data from the experiment and better accuracy than that computed from the sole closed reactor model. More importantly, it is observed that this model could save computational time compared with closed reactor model due to less stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs) computation. A sensitivity analysis of the critical temperature and critical Damkohler number was conducted to demonstrate the effect of these two parameters in the current model.

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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Li, Jing; Yang, Wenming; An, Hui; Zhou, Dezhi; +3 Authors

    Abstract The reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI), which belongs to dual fuel mode (DFM) combustion has been considered as a promising way to achieve high fuel conversion efficiency and low emissions. By this strategy, a fuel reactivity gradient is formed in the combustion chamber which offers the probability of controlling combustion phasing. In this study, the role of fuel reactivity gradient was examined numerically by comparing a DFM (i.e., RCCI) combustion with other hypothetical cases under one specific load condition. Firstly, a chemical reaction mechanism was developed aiming at a modelling study on dual fuel and blend fuel combustion in internal combustion (IC) engines fueled by gasoline/diesel and gasoline/biodiesel. Ignition delays were validated for 100% diesel, 100% gasoline and 100% biodiesel under 102 conditions in total. Subsequently, the validated reaction mechanism which consists of 107 species and 425 reactions was implemented in coupled KIVA4-CHEMKIN code. Three dimensional validations were further conducted under 3 conditions including pure diesel combustion, and gasoline/diesel DFM combustion with both single and double injection strategies in the engine. To investigate the fuel reactivity gradient, the gasoline/diesel DFM combustion with single injection was compared with other three hypothetical cases, one of which was DFM without fuel reactivity gradient, two were the blend fuel mode but with different start of injection (SOI) timings. The results showed that the fuel reactivity gradient could retard the ignition timing, reduce heat release rate, and ease peak pressure rise rate. In addition, low levels of NOx and soot emissions were observed for the DFM combustion. The gasoline/biodiesel reaction mechanism will be employed in future work.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      Energy Conversion and Management
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Li, Jing; Yang, Wenming; An, Hui; Zhou, Dezhi; +3 Authors

    Abstract The reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI), which belongs to dual fuel mode (DFM) combustion has been considered as a promising way to achieve high fuel conversion efficiency and low emissions. By this strategy, a fuel reactivity gradient is formed in the combustion chamber which offers the probability of controlling combustion phasing. In this study, the role of fuel reactivity gradient was examined numerically by comparing a DFM (i.e., RCCI) combustion with other hypothetical cases under one specific load condition. Firstly, a chemical reaction mechanism was developed aiming at a modelling study on dual fuel and blend fuel combustion in internal combustion (IC) engines fueled by gasoline/diesel and gasoline/biodiesel. Ignition delays were validated for 100% diesel, 100% gasoline and 100% biodiesel under 102 conditions in total. Subsequently, the validated reaction mechanism which consists of 107 species and 425 reactions was implemented in coupled KIVA4-CHEMKIN code. Three dimensional validations were further conducted under 3 conditions including pure diesel combustion, and gasoline/diesel DFM combustion with both single and double injection strategies in the engine. To investigate the fuel reactivity gradient, the gasoline/diesel DFM combustion with single injection was compared with other three hypothetical cases, one of which was DFM without fuel reactivity gradient, two were the blend fuel mode but with different start of injection (SOI) timings. The results showed that the fuel reactivity gradient could retard the ignition timing, reduce heat release rate, and ease peak pressure rise rate. In addition, low levels of NOx and soot emissions were observed for the DFM combustion. The gasoline/biodiesel reaction mechanism will be employed in future work.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
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    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      Energy Conversion and Management
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    Authors: Xiang Kan; Dezhi Zhou; Wenming Yang; Xiaoqiang Zhai; +1 Authors

    Abstract Syngas and biogas are two typical biofuels generated from biomass wastes through gasification and anaerobic digestion processes, which are considered to be the future fuels for IC engines. In this work, the utilization of biogas and syngas produced from horticultural waste in a premixed spark ignition engine was investigated. An experimentally validated KIVA4-based CFD simulation integrated with CHEMKIN was performed to evaluate engine performance fuelled by syngas and biogas under both single and blended-fuel modes. Effects of ignition timing, hydrogen content in syngas and methane content in biogas on both energetic and environmental performance have been studied. The indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) of syngas fueled engine at wide open throttle (WOT) condition under maximum brake torque (MBT) operation was found to be higher than that of biogas fueled engine, meanwhile, with much lower NOx emission. In addition, a comparison of the engine performance between the single and blended-fuel modes under different syngas mixing ratios was conducted in terms of ITE and NO X emission. The results suggest that the utilization of syngas and biogas under blended-fuel mode can not only maintain the MBT energetic performance under single-fuel mode, but also show its potential in reducing NOx emission and lessening the tendency of knock onset.

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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Xiang Kan; Dezhi Zhou; Wenming Yang; Xiaoqiang Zhai; +1 Authors

    Abstract Syngas and biogas are two typical biofuels generated from biomass wastes through gasification and anaerobic digestion processes, which are considered to be the future fuels for IC engines. In this work, the utilization of biogas and syngas produced from horticultural waste in a premixed spark ignition engine was investigated. An experimentally validated KIVA4-based CFD simulation integrated with CHEMKIN was performed to evaluate engine performance fuelled by syngas and biogas under both single and blended-fuel modes. Effects of ignition timing, hydrogen content in syngas and methane content in biogas on both energetic and environmental performance have been studied. The indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) of syngas fueled engine at wide open throttle (WOT) condition under maximum brake torque (MBT) operation was found to be higher than that of biogas fueled engine, meanwhile, with much lower NOx emission. In addition, a comparison of the engine performance between the single and blended-fuel modes under different syngas mixing ratios was conducted in terms of ITE and NO X emission. The results suggest that the utilization of syngas and biogas under blended-fuel mode can not only maintain the MBT energetic performance under single-fuel mode, but also show its potential in reducing NOx emission and lessening the tendency of knock onset.

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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Dezhi Zhou; Wenming Yang;

    Abstract A bundled dynamic adaptive chemistry (BDAC) method is proposed to accelerate the combustion chemistry integration. Based on the basic dynamic adaptive chemistry (DAC) method (which dynamically reduces the chemical mechanism in the simulation within every time step in combustion simulations), this BDAC method bundles the similar conditions and applies DAC on the bundled computational domain both spatially and temporally. In this way, the cost of the chemistry reduction process could be greatly saved. This method was coupled with a semi-implicit integration scheme and a conventional implicit solver and then tested in methane/air auto-ignition. The performance of BDAC in terms of accuracy and efficiency is subsequently compared with the original solver and the DAC method. It is shown that this method is able to dramatically reduce the computational cost, while still maintain acceptable accuracy. This method is very promising to be employed in multidimensional CFD simulations to reduce computational cost.

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    Energy Procedia
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      Energy Procedia
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    Authors: Dezhi Zhou; Wenming Yang;

    Abstract A bundled dynamic adaptive chemistry (BDAC) method is proposed to accelerate the combustion chemistry integration. Based on the basic dynamic adaptive chemistry (DAC) method (which dynamically reduces the chemical mechanism in the simulation within every time step in combustion simulations), this BDAC method bundles the similar conditions and applies DAC on the bundled computational domain both spatially and temporally. In this way, the cost of the chemistry reduction process could be greatly saved. This method was coupled with a semi-implicit integration scheme and a conventional implicit solver and then tested in methane/air auto-ignition. The performance of BDAC in terms of accuracy and efficiency is subsequently compared with the original solver and the DAC method. It is shown that this method is able to dramatically reduce the computational cost, while still maintain acceptable accuracy. This method is very promising to be employed in multidimensional CFD simulations to reduce computational cost.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Procediaarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy Procedia
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy Procedia
    Article
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Procediaarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energy Procedia
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energy Procedia
      Article
      License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Wenming Yang; Jing Li; Dezhi Zhou;

    Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop a multi-component skeletal mechanism including renewable fuels of n-butanol, n-octanol, and DnBE (di-n-buthylether) for engine combustion. Mechanism reductions using the directed relation graph, directed relation graph with error propagation and sensitivity analysis, peak concentration analysis, and isomer lumping methods were first carried out on the detailed reaction mechanisms for each type of the fuels. Then, the obtained single-fuel skeletal mechanisms were combined to construct the multi-component skeletal mechanism. Finally, the developed reaction mechanism, which consisting of 117 species and 610 elementary reactions, was obtained. To validate the fuel model, calculations on ignition delay times for each component of the skeletal mechanism, species concentrations in JSR for n-octanol, laminar flame speeds for DnBE, and 3-D diesel engine combustion fueled with n-octanol and DnBE were carried out. Results demonstrated that the predicted ignition delay times can well match the data given by detailed mechanisms and experiments under the conditions covering a wide range of temperatures, pressures, and equivalence ratios. Also, the concentration profiles of important species in a jet stirred reactor were well reproduced by the skeletal mechanism with equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. The laminar flame speeds of DnBE were also in good agreement with experimental data at 1 atm with a wide range of equivalence ratios. For diesel engine simulations fueled with n-octanol and DnBE, with different engine speeds and loads, both in-cylinder pressure traces and heat release rate profiles can be well represented by the present skeletal reaction mechanism.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Fuelarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Fuel
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Fuelarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Fuel
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Wenming Yang; Jing Li; Dezhi Zhou;

    Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop a multi-component skeletal mechanism including renewable fuels of n-butanol, n-octanol, and DnBE (di-n-buthylether) for engine combustion. Mechanism reductions using the directed relation graph, directed relation graph with error propagation and sensitivity analysis, peak concentration analysis, and isomer lumping methods were first carried out on the detailed reaction mechanisms for each type of the fuels. Then, the obtained single-fuel skeletal mechanisms were combined to construct the multi-component skeletal mechanism. Finally, the developed reaction mechanism, which consisting of 117 species and 610 elementary reactions, was obtained. To validate the fuel model, calculations on ignition delay times for each component of the skeletal mechanism, species concentrations in JSR for n-octanol, laminar flame speeds for DnBE, and 3-D diesel engine combustion fueled with n-octanol and DnBE were carried out. Results demonstrated that the predicted ignition delay times can well match the data given by detailed mechanisms and experiments under the conditions covering a wide range of temperatures, pressures, and equivalence ratios. Also, the concentration profiles of important species in a jet stirred reactor were well reproduced by the skeletal mechanism with equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. The laminar flame speeds of DnBE were also in good agreement with experimental data at 1 atm with a wide range of equivalence ratios. For diesel engine simulations fueled with n-octanol and DnBE, with different engine speeds and loads, both in-cylinder pressure traces and heat release rate profiles can be well represented by the present skeletal reaction mechanism.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Fuelarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Fuel
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Fuelarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Fuel
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Dezhi Zhou; Kun Lin Tay; Yaojie Tu; Jing Li; +2 Authors

    Abstract In this study, we conducted a numerical investigation on the effect of injection timing of boot injection rate shape on the combustion and emission characteristics in a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine fueled with kerosene/diesel blending. Considering the complex surrogate in kerosene chemical mechanisms and the huge computational workload in multi-dimensional engine simulations, we employed a clustered dynamic adaptive chemistry method (CDAC) to accelerate the chemistry integration process. This study firstly specified the user-defined parameters in this CDAC method by sensitivity analysis in a HCCI and DICI engine with different user-defined parameter combinations. With these specified parameters, CDAC is then validated by comparing its predicted in-cylinder pressure with the full chemistry ones. It is found that the current CDAC method could reduce the computational time by more than 60% compared with the full chemistry CPU time. CDAC, subsequently, is used to conduct the numerical investigation on the injection timing of boot injection rate shapes. Four different boot injection rate shapes are simulated and compared with the normal rectangular injection. The effect injection timing of the boot injection rate on the engine performance and combustion/emission characteristic is then analyzed in detail. It is found that the change of start of injection (SOI) in boot injection has little influence of the ignition delay in the DICI engine fuelled with diesel and kerosene blending due to the high cetane number of diesel and better volatility of kerosene. In addition, with kerosene addition into the diesel combustion, it is observed that the CO emission could be reduced at all the varied SOI.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Dezhi Zhou; Kun Lin Tay; Yaojie Tu; Jing Li; +2 Authors

    Abstract In this study, we conducted a numerical investigation on the effect of injection timing of boot injection rate shape on the combustion and emission characteristics in a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine fueled with kerosene/diesel blending. Considering the complex surrogate in kerosene chemical mechanisms and the huge computational workload in multi-dimensional engine simulations, we employed a clustered dynamic adaptive chemistry method (CDAC) to accelerate the chemistry integration process. This study firstly specified the user-defined parameters in this CDAC method by sensitivity analysis in a HCCI and DICI engine with different user-defined parameter combinations. With these specified parameters, CDAC is then validated by comparing its predicted in-cylinder pressure with the full chemistry ones. It is found that the current CDAC method could reduce the computational time by more than 60% compared with the full chemistry CPU time. CDAC, subsequently, is used to conduct the numerical investigation on the injection timing of boot injection rate shapes. Four different boot injection rate shapes are simulated and compared with the normal rectangular injection. The effect injection timing of the boot injection rate on the engine performance and combustion/emission characteristic is then analyzed in detail. It is found that the change of start of injection (SOI) in boot injection has little influence of the ignition delay in the DICI engine fuelled with diesel and kerosene blending due to the high cetane number of diesel and better volatility of kerosene. In addition, with kerosene addition into the diesel combustion, it is observed that the CO emission could be reduced at all the varied SOI.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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28 Research products
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Zhou, Dezhi; Yang, Wenming; An, Hui; Li, Jing; +1 Authors

    A 3-D numerical simulation platform based on the KIVA4-CHEMKIN code was constructed by incorporating a newly developed skeletal chemical kinetics mechanism to study the reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. In the present study, methanol is assumed to be induced into the engine through the intake port, while biodiesel is directly injected into the engine by the end of the compression stroke. The skeletal biodiesel and methanol dual fuel chemical reaction mechanism coupled with CO, NOx and soot formation mechanisms was developed and validated by comparing the ignition delay predicted by the developed mechanism with that of the detailed biodiesel and methanol mechanisms, and also by comparing the simulation results of KIVA-CHEMKIN with the experimental results under different engine operating conditions. A good agreement has been achieved in terms of ignition delay, in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR). The methanol mass fraction was varied from 0% to 80% at an interval of 20% to form different reactivity stratification. Simulation results revealed that under 10% load conditions, the increasing methanol reduced the peak pressure and heat release rate, whereas under 50% and 100% loads, the peak pressure both appeared at 60% methanol induction. Also, the reactivity distribution and ringing intensity were discussed, aiming at investigating the fuel gradient effects and knocking level, respectively. For the emissions, a general decreasing trend on CO emission was observed at both 50% and 100% loads while at 10% load, a slight increasing trend was shown. In respect of NOx, it appeared that the emission under medium and high loads showed no tangible change with port methanol increase. However, a remarkable drop was observed at 10% load. Besides, the RCCI with more port-injection methanol showed a good ability to reduce soot emission.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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    citations114
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Conversion and Management
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Zhou, Dezhi; Yang, Wenming; An, Hui; Li, Jing; +1 Authors

    A 3-D numerical simulation platform based on the KIVA4-CHEMKIN code was constructed by incorporating a newly developed skeletal chemical kinetics mechanism to study the reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. In the present study, methanol is assumed to be induced into the engine through the intake port, while biodiesel is directly injected into the engine by the end of the compression stroke. The skeletal biodiesel and methanol dual fuel chemical reaction mechanism coupled with CO, NOx and soot formation mechanisms was developed and validated by comparing the ignition delay predicted by the developed mechanism with that of the detailed biodiesel and methanol mechanisms, and also by comparing the simulation results of KIVA-CHEMKIN with the experimental results under different engine operating conditions. A good agreement has been achieved in terms of ignition delay, in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR). The methanol mass fraction was varied from 0% to 80% at an interval of 20% to form different reactivity stratification. Simulation results revealed that under 10% load conditions, the increasing methanol reduced the peak pressure and heat release rate, whereas under 50% and 100% loads, the peak pressure both appeared at 60% methanol induction. Also, the reactivity distribution and ringing intensity were discussed, aiming at investigating the fuel gradient effects and knocking level, respectively. For the emissions, a general decreasing trend on CO emission was observed at both 50% and 100% loads while at 10% load, a slight increasing trend was shown. In respect of NOx, it appeared that the emission under medium and high loads showed no tangible change with port methanol increase. However, a remarkable drop was observed at 10% load. Besides, the RCCI with more port-injection methanol showed a good ability to reduce soot emission.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Conversion and Management
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Jing Li; Kun Lin Tay; Siaw Kiang Chou; Feiyang Zhao; +4 Authors

    As the world faces energy shortages, it is highly desirable to look for alternative fuels that are sustainable and renewable. Ammonia is one such candidate. In this numerical study, ammonia is applied to a diesel engine via fumigation and a pilot fuel is used to ignite the premixed ammonia. Numerical simulations are carried out using the KIVA4-CHEMKIN code in order to better understand the effects of ammonia combustion on engine performance and emissions. It is seen from this study that ammonia reduces carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions as it replaces the carbon-based pilot fuels. Moreover, nitrogen oxide emissions decrease with little ammonia fumigation and increase with high ammonia fumigation. This is due to combustion temperature, ammonia quantity and ammonia-air kinetics. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that as the injection timing is advanced, primary as well as secondary heat-release peaks are observed. The secondary heat-release peak is due to the combustion of residual fuel near the cylinder liner as well as in the crevice region and this is caused by an increase in in-cylinder temperature as injection timing advances.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Jing Li; Kun Lin Tay; Siaw Kiang Chou; Feiyang Zhao; +4 Authors

    As the world faces energy shortages, it is highly desirable to look for alternative fuels that are sustainable and renewable. Ammonia is one such candidate. In this numerical study, ammonia is applied to a diesel engine via fumigation and a pilot fuel is used to ignite the premixed ammonia. Numerical simulations are carried out using the KIVA4-CHEMKIN code in order to better understand the effects of ammonia combustion on engine performance and emissions. It is seen from this study that ammonia reduces carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions as it replaces the carbon-based pilot fuels. Moreover, nitrogen oxide emissions decrease with little ammonia fumigation and increase with high ammonia fumigation. This is due to combustion temperature, ammonia quantity and ammonia-air kinetics. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that as the injection timing is advanced, primary as well as secondary heat-release peaks are observed. The secondary heat-release peak is due to the combustion of residual fuel near the cylinder liner as well as in the crevice region and this is caused by an increase in in-cylinder temperature as injection timing advances.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
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    Applied Energy
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
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    Authors: Kun Lin Tay; Balaji Mohan; Wenbin Yu; Dezhi Zhou; +2 Authors

    Abstract A comprehensive simulation approach is important in order to better replicate the complex combustion process over a wide range of engine operating conditions. This will allow a more accurate understanding of crucial factors that affect engine combustion. In this study, the entire engine combustion process was systematically considered and a three-step hybrid simulation approach (THSA) was proposed in order to achieve a more accurate engine combustion simulation. For this approach, a so-called “full cavitation” model was selected for 3-dimensional (3D) internal nozzle flow study and a Kelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) model was used for 3D spray prediction wherein the flow variables at the nozzle outlet obtained through internal nozzle flow simulations were used as the input information in the KIVA4 code. Besides, a compact and accurate primary reference fuel (PRF) mechanism with 46 species and 144 reactions, which is coupled with a multi-step phenomenon soot model and energy balance analysis, was used for engine combustion simulation. Based on it, a numerical study was conducted for a comparison between conventional direct injection combustion (CDIC) and partially premix combustion (PPC) fueled with diesel, gasoline and diesel/gasoline blend fuel (GD). The final result indicates that with PPC and gasoline fuel, an optimized and high thermal efficiency of 52.5% can be realized along with extremely low NOx and soot emissions.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
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    Applied Energy
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      Applied Energy
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    Authors: Kun Lin Tay; Balaji Mohan; Wenbin Yu; Dezhi Zhou; +2 Authors

    Abstract A comprehensive simulation approach is important in order to better replicate the complex combustion process over a wide range of engine operating conditions. This will allow a more accurate understanding of crucial factors that affect engine combustion. In this study, the entire engine combustion process was systematically considered and a three-step hybrid simulation approach (THSA) was proposed in order to achieve a more accurate engine combustion simulation. For this approach, a so-called “full cavitation” model was selected for 3-dimensional (3D) internal nozzle flow study and a Kelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) model was used for 3D spray prediction wherein the flow variables at the nozzle outlet obtained through internal nozzle flow simulations were used as the input information in the KIVA4 code. Besides, a compact and accurate primary reference fuel (PRF) mechanism with 46 species and 144 reactions, which is coupled with a multi-step phenomenon soot model and energy balance analysis, was used for engine combustion simulation. Based on it, a numerical study was conducted for a comparison between conventional direct injection combustion (CDIC) and partially premix combustion (PPC) fueled with diesel, gasoline and diesel/gasoline blend fuel (GD). The final result indicates that with PPC and gasoline fuel, an optimized and high thermal efficiency of 52.5% can be realized along with extremely low NOx and soot emissions.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
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    Applied Energy
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      Applied Energy
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  • Authors: Markus Kraft; Jing Li; Wenming Yang; Hui An; +1 Authors

    In this study, dynamic ϕ-T map analysis was applied to an RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engine fueled with NG (natural gas) and diesel. The combustion process of the engine was simulated by coupled KIVA4-CHEMKIN with a DOS (diesel oil surrogate) chemical mechanism. The ϕ-T maps were constructed by the mole fractions of soot and NO obtained from SENKIN and ϕ-T conditions from engine simulations. Five parameters, namely NG fraction, 1st SOI (start of injection) timing, 2nd SOI timing, 2nd injection duration and EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) rate were varied in certain ranges individually, and the ϕ-T maps were compared and analyzed under various conditions. The results revealed how the five parameters would shift the ϕ-T conditions and influence the soot-NO contour. Among the factors, EGR rate could limit the highest temperature due to its dilute effect, hence maintaining RCCI combustion within LTC (low temperature combustion) region. The second significant parameter is the premixed NG fraction. It could set the lowest temperature; moreover, the tendency of soot formation can be mitigated due to the lessened fuel impingement and the absence of C-C bond. Finally, the region of RCCI combustion was added to the commonly known ϕ-T map diagram.

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  • Authors: Markus Kraft; Jing Li; Wenming Yang; Hui An; +1 Authors

    In this study, dynamic ϕ-T map analysis was applied to an RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engine fueled with NG (natural gas) and diesel. The combustion process of the engine was simulated by coupled KIVA4-CHEMKIN with a DOS (diesel oil surrogate) chemical mechanism. The ϕ-T maps were constructed by the mole fractions of soot and NO obtained from SENKIN and ϕ-T conditions from engine simulations. Five parameters, namely NG fraction, 1st SOI (start of injection) timing, 2nd SOI timing, 2nd injection duration and EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) rate were varied in certain ranges individually, and the ϕ-T maps were compared and analyzed under various conditions. The results revealed how the five parameters would shift the ϕ-T conditions and influence the soot-NO contour. Among the factors, EGR rate could limit the highest temperature due to its dilute effect, hence maintaining RCCI combustion within LTC (low temperature combustion) region. The second significant parameter is the premixed NG fraction. It could set the lowest temperature; moreover, the tendency of soot formation can be mitigated due to the lessened fuel impingement and the absence of C-C bond. Finally, the region of RCCI combustion was added to the commonly known ϕ-T map diagram.

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    Authors: Zhou, Dezhi; Yang, Wenming; Li, Jing; Tay, Kun Lin; +1 Authors

    This study proposed a hybrid model consisting of a characteristic time combustion (CTC) model and a closed reactor model for the combustion modelling with detailed chemistry in RCCI engines. In the light of the basic idea of the CTC model of achieving chemical equilibrium in high temperature, this hybrid model uses the CTC model to solve the species conversion and heat release in the diffusion flame. Except for the diffusion flame, the auto-ignition in RCCI combustion is computed by a closed reactor model with the CHEMKIN library by assuming that the computational cells are closed reactors. The border of the transition between the CTC model and closed reactor model is determined by two criteria, a critical temperature and a critical Damkohler number. On the formulation of this hybrid model, emphasis is placed on coupling detailed chemistry into this hybrid model. A CEQ solver for species equilibrium calculations at certain temperature, pressure was embedded with CTC for detailed chemistry calculation. Then this combustion model was integrated with the CFD framework KIVA4 and the chemical library CHEMKIN-II and validated in a RCCI engine. The predicted in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) show a good consistency with the data from the experiment and better accuracy than that computed from the sole closed reactor model. More importantly, it is observed that this model could save computational time compared with closed reactor model due to less stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs) computation. A sensitivity analysis of the critical temperature and critical Damkohler number was conducted to demonstrate the effect of these two parameters in the current model.

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    Authors: Zhou, Dezhi; Yang, Wenming; Li, Jing; Tay, Kun Lin; +1 Authors

    This study proposed a hybrid model consisting of a characteristic time combustion (CTC) model and a closed reactor model for the combustion modelling with detailed chemistry in RCCI engines. In the light of the basic idea of the CTC model of achieving chemical equilibrium in high temperature, this hybrid model uses the CTC model to solve the species conversion and heat release in the diffusion flame. Except for the diffusion flame, the auto-ignition in RCCI combustion is computed by a closed reactor model with the CHEMKIN library by assuming that the computational cells are closed reactors. The border of the transition between the CTC model and closed reactor model is determined by two criteria, a critical temperature and a critical Damkohler number. On the formulation of this hybrid model, emphasis is placed on coupling detailed chemistry into this hybrid model. A CEQ solver for species equilibrium calculations at certain temperature, pressure was embedded with CTC for detailed chemistry calculation. Then this combustion model was integrated with the CFD framework KIVA4 and the chemical library CHEMKIN-II and validated in a RCCI engine. The predicted in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) show a good consistency with the data from the experiment and better accuracy than that computed from the sole closed reactor model. More importantly, it is observed that this model could save computational time compared with closed reactor model due to less stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs) computation. A sensitivity analysis of the critical temperature and critical Damkohler number was conducted to demonstrate the effect of these two parameters in the current model.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Li, Jing; Yang, Wenming; An, Hui; Zhou, Dezhi; +3 Authors

    Abstract The reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI), which belongs to dual fuel mode (DFM) combustion has been considered as a promising way to achieve high fuel conversion efficiency and low emissions. By this strategy, a fuel reactivity gradient is formed in the combustion chamber which offers the probability of controlling combustion phasing. In this study, the role of fuel reactivity gradient was examined numerically by comparing a DFM (i.e., RCCI) combustion with other hypothetical cases under one specific load condition. Firstly, a chemical reaction mechanism was developed aiming at a modelling study on dual fuel and blend fuel combustion in internal combustion (IC) engines fueled by gasoline/diesel and gasoline/biodiesel. Ignition delays were validated for 100% diesel, 100% gasoline and 100% biodiesel under 102 conditions in total. Subsequently, the validated reaction mechanism which consists of 107 species and 425 reactions was implemented in coupled KIVA4-CHEMKIN code. Three dimensional validations were further conducted under 3 conditions including pure diesel combustion, and gasoline/diesel DFM combustion with both single and double injection strategies in the engine. To investigate the fuel reactivity gradient, the gasoline/diesel DFM combustion with single injection was compared with other three hypothetical cases, one of which was DFM without fuel reactivity gradient, two were the blend fuel mode but with different start of injection (SOI) timings. The results showed that the fuel reactivity gradient could retard the ignition timing, reduce heat release rate, and ease peak pressure rise rate. In addition, low levels of NOx and soot emissions were observed for the DFM combustion. The gasoline/biodiesel reaction mechanism will be employed in future work.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Conversion and Management
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Li, Jing; Yang, Wenming; An, Hui; Zhou, Dezhi; +3 Authors

    Abstract The reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI), which belongs to dual fuel mode (DFM) combustion has been considered as a promising way to achieve high fuel conversion efficiency and low emissions. By this strategy, a fuel reactivity gradient is formed in the combustion chamber which offers the probability of controlling combustion phasing. In this study, the role of fuel reactivity gradient was examined numerically by comparing a DFM (i.e., RCCI) combustion with other hypothetical cases under one specific load condition. Firstly, a chemical reaction mechanism was developed aiming at a modelling study on dual fuel and blend fuel combustion in internal combustion (IC) engines fueled by gasoline/diesel and gasoline/biodiesel. Ignition delays were validated for 100% diesel, 100% gasoline and 100% biodiesel under 102 conditions in total. Subsequently, the validated reaction mechanism which consists of 107 species and 425 reactions was implemented in coupled KIVA4-CHEMKIN code. Three dimensional validations were further conducted under 3 conditions including pure diesel combustion, and gasoline/diesel DFM combustion with both single and double injection strategies in the engine. To investigate the fuel reactivity gradient, the gasoline/diesel DFM combustion with single injection was compared with other three hypothetical cases, one of which was DFM without fuel reactivity gradient, two were the blend fuel mode but with different start of injection (SOI) timings. The results showed that the fuel reactivity gradient could retard the ignition timing, reduce heat release rate, and ease peak pressure rise rate. In addition, low levels of NOx and soot emissions were observed for the DFM combustion. The gasoline/biodiesel reaction mechanism will be employed in future work.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Conversion and Management
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiang Kan; Dezhi Zhou; Wenming Yang; Xiaoqiang Zhai; +1 Authors

    Abstract Syngas and biogas are two typical biofuels generated from biomass wastes through gasification and anaerobic digestion processes, which are considered to be the future fuels for IC engines. In this work, the utilization of biogas and syngas produced from horticultural waste in a premixed spark ignition engine was investigated. An experimentally validated KIVA4-based CFD simulation integrated with CHEMKIN was performed to evaluate engine performance fuelled by syngas and biogas under both single and blended-fuel modes. Effects of ignition timing, hydrogen content in syngas and methane content in biogas on both energetic and environmental performance have been studied. The indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) of syngas fueled engine at wide open throttle (WOT) condition under maximum brake torque (MBT) operation was found to be higher than that of biogas fueled engine, meanwhile, with much lower NOx emission. In addition, a comparison of the engine performance between the single and blended-fuel modes under different syngas mixing ratios was conducted in terms of ITE and NO X emission. The results suggest that the utilization of syngas and biogas under blended-fuel mode can not only maintain the MBT energetic performance under single-fuel mode, but also show its potential in reducing NOx emission and lessening the tendency of knock onset.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiang Kan; Dezhi Zhou; Wenming Yang; Xiaoqiang Zhai; +1 Authors

    Abstract Syngas and biogas are two typical biofuels generated from biomass wastes through gasification and anaerobic digestion processes, which are considered to be the future fuels for IC engines. In this work, the utilization of biogas and syngas produced from horticultural waste in a premixed spark ignition engine was investigated. An experimentally validated KIVA4-based CFD simulation integrated with CHEMKIN was performed to evaluate engine performance fuelled by syngas and biogas under both single and blended-fuel modes. Effects of ignition timing, hydrogen content in syngas and methane content in biogas on both energetic and environmental performance have been studied. The indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) of syngas fueled engine at wide open throttle (WOT) condition under maximum brake torque (MBT) operation was found to be higher than that of biogas fueled engine, meanwhile, with much lower NOx emission. In addition, a comparison of the engine performance between the single and blended-fuel modes under different syngas mixing ratios was conducted in terms of ITE and NO X emission. The results suggest that the utilization of syngas and biogas under blended-fuel mode can not only maintain the MBT energetic performance under single-fuel mode, but also show its potential in reducing NOx emission and lessening the tendency of knock onset.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dezhi Zhou; Wenming Yang;

    Abstract A bundled dynamic adaptive chemistry (BDAC) method is proposed to accelerate the combustion chemistry integration. Based on the basic dynamic adaptive chemistry (DAC) method (which dynamically reduces the chemical mechanism in the simulation within every time step in combustion simulations), this BDAC method bundles the similar conditions and applies DAC on the bundled computational domain both spatially and temporally. In this way, the cost of the chemistry reduction process could be greatly saved. This method was coupled with a semi-implicit integration scheme and a conventional implicit solver and then tested in methane/air auto-ignition. The performance of BDAC in terms of accuracy and efficiency is subsequently compared with the original solver and the DAC method. It is shown that this method is able to dramatically reduce the computational cost, while still maintain acceptable accuracy. This method is very promising to be employed in multidimensional CFD simulations to reduce computational cost.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Procediaarrow_drop_down
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    Energy Procedia
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energy Procedia
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      Energy Procedia
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energy Procedia
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dezhi Zhou; Wenming Yang;

    Abstract A bundled dynamic adaptive chemistry (BDAC) method is proposed to accelerate the combustion chemistry integration. Based on the basic dynamic adaptive chemistry (DAC) method (which dynamically reduces the chemical mechanism in the simulation within every time step in combustion simulations), this BDAC method bundles the similar conditions and applies DAC on the bundled computational domain both spatially and temporally. In this way, the cost of the chemistry reduction process could be greatly saved. This method was coupled with a semi-implicit integration scheme and a conventional implicit solver and then tested in methane/air auto-ignition. The performance of BDAC in terms of accuracy and efficiency is subsequently compared with the original solver and the DAC method. It is shown that this method is able to dramatically reduce the computational cost, while still maintain acceptable accuracy. This method is very promising to be employed in multidimensional CFD simulations to reduce computational cost.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Procediaarrow_drop_down
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    Energy Procedia
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energy Procedia
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      Energy Procedia
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      Energy Procedia
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Wenming Yang; Jing Li; Dezhi Zhou;

    Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop a multi-component skeletal mechanism including renewable fuels of n-butanol, n-octanol, and DnBE (di-n-buthylether) for engine combustion. Mechanism reductions using the directed relation graph, directed relation graph with error propagation and sensitivity analysis, peak concentration analysis, and isomer lumping methods were first carried out on the detailed reaction mechanisms for each type of the fuels. Then, the obtained single-fuel skeletal mechanisms were combined to construct the multi-component skeletal mechanism. Finally, the developed reaction mechanism, which consisting of 117 species and 610 elementary reactions, was obtained. To validate the fuel model, calculations on ignition delay times for each component of the skeletal mechanism, species concentrations in JSR for n-octanol, laminar flame speeds for DnBE, and 3-D diesel engine combustion fueled with n-octanol and DnBE were carried out. Results demonstrated that the predicted ignition delay times can well match the data given by detailed mechanisms and experiments under the conditions covering a wide range of temperatures, pressures, and equivalence ratios. Also, the concentration profiles of important species in a jet stirred reactor were well reproduced by the skeletal mechanism with equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. The laminar flame speeds of DnBE were also in good agreement with experimental data at 1 atm with a wide range of equivalence ratios. For diesel engine simulations fueled with n-octanol and DnBE, with different engine speeds and loads, both in-cylinder pressure traces and heat release rate profiles can be well represented by the present skeletal reaction mechanism.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Fuelarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Fuel
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Fuel
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Wenming Yang; Jing Li; Dezhi Zhou;

    Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop a multi-component skeletal mechanism including renewable fuels of n-butanol, n-octanol, and DnBE (di-n-buthylether) for engine combustion. Mechanism reductions using the directed relation graph, directed relation graph with error propagation and sensitivity analysis, peak concentration analysis, and isomer lumping methods were first carried out on the detailed reaction mechanisms for each type of the fuels. Then, the obtained single-fuel skeletal mechanisms were combined to construct the multi-component skeletal mechanism. Finally, the developed reaction mechanism, which consisting of 117 species and 610 elementary reactions, was obtained. To validate the fuel model, calculations on ignition delay times for each component of the skeletal mechanism, species concentrations in JSR for n-octanol, laminar flame speeds for DnBE, and 3-D diesel engine combustion fueled with n-octanol and DnBE were carried out. Results demonstrated that the predicted ignition delay times can well match the data given by detailed mechanisms and experiments under the conditions covering a wide range of temperatures, pressures, and equivalence ratios. Also, the concentration profiles of important species in a jet stirred reactor were well reproduced by the skeletal mechanism with equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. The laminar flame speeds of DnBE were also in good agreement with experimental data at 1 atm with a wide range of equivalence ratios. For diesel engine simulations fueled with n-octanol and DnBE, with different engine speeds and loads, both in-cylinder pressure traces and heat release rate profiles can be well represented by the present skeletal reaction mechanism.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Fuelarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Fuel
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Fuelarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Fuel
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Dezhi Zhou; Kun Lin Tay; Yaojie Tu; Jing Li; +2 Authors

    Abstract In this study, we conducted a numerical investigation on the effect of injection timing of boot injection rate shape on the combustion and emission characteristics in a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine fueled with kerosene/diesel blending. Considering the complex surrogate in kerosene chemical mechanisms and the huge computational workload in multi-dimensional engine simulations, we employed a clustered dynamic adaptive chemistry method (CDAC) to accelerate the chemistry integration process. This study firstly specified the user-defined parameters in this CDAC method by sensitivity analysis in a HCCI and DICI engine with different user-defined parameter combinations. With these specified parameters, CDAC is then validated by comparing its predicted in-cylinder pressure with the full chemistry ones. It is found that the current CDAC method could reduce the computational time by more than 60% compared with the full chemistry CPU time. CDAC, subsequently, is used to conduct the numerical investigation on the injection timing of boot injection rate shapes. Four different boot injection rate shapes are simulated and compared with the normal rectangular injection. The effect injection timing of the boot injection rate on the engine performance and combustion/emission characteristic is then analyzed in detail. It is found that the change of start of injection (SOI) in boot injection has little influence of the ignition delay in the DICI engine fuelled with diesel and kerosene blending due to the high cetane number of diesel and better volatility of kerosene. In addition, with kerosene addition into the diesel combustion, it is observed that the CO emission could be reduced at all the varied SOI.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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    23
    citations23
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Dezhi Zhou; Kun Lin Tay; Yaojie Tu; Jing Li; +2 Authors

    Abstract In this study, we conducted a numerical investigation on the effect of injection timing of boot injection rate shape on the combustion and emission characteristics in a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine fueled with kerosene/diesel blending. Considering the complex surrogate in kerosene chemical mechanisms and the huge computational workload in multi-dimensional engine simulations, we employed a clustered dynamic adaptive chemistry method (CDAC) to accelerate the chemistry integration process. This study firstly specified the user-defined parameters in this CDAC method by sensitivity analysis in a HCCI and DICI engine with different user-defined parameter combinations. With these specified parameters, CDAC is then validated by comparing its predicted in-cylinder pressure with the full chemistry ones. It is found that the current CDAC method could reduce the computational time by more than 60% compared with the full chemistry CPU time. CDAC, subsequently, is used to conduct the numerical investigation on the injection timing of boot injection rate shapes. Four different boot injection rate shapes are simulated and compared with the normal rectangular injection. The effect injection timing of the boot injection rate on the engine performance and combustion/emission characteristic is then analyzed in detail. It is found that the change of start of injection (SOI) in boot injection has little influence of the ignition delay in the DICI engine fuelled with diesel and kerosene blending due to the high cetane number of diesel and better volatility of kerosene. In addition, with kerosene addition into the diesel combustion, it is observed that the CO emission could be reduced at all the varied SOI.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

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    23
    citations23
    popularityTop 10%
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    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
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