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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Albrecht, Pascal; Bänsch, Cornelie; orcid bw Murschenhofer, Dominik;
    Murschenhofer, Dominik
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Murschenhofer, Dominik in OpenAIRE
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao DLR publication serv...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao DLR publication serv...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Coşkun, A.Ümit;

    ABSTRACT COMPUTER SIMULATION OF A SOLAR ASSISTED HEAT PUMP COŞKUN, A. Ümit M.S. in Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Rüknettin OSKAY Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Faruk ARINÇ August 1993, 130 pages The aim of this study is to examine the performance of a heat pump which is assisted by a solar system. The refrigerant inside the heat pump is heated by the evaporator which is immersed into the storage tank of a solar system. The refrigerant leaves its energy to a space to be heated by its condenser which is located in the space. The tank is filled with water-antifreeze solution as the working fluid of a solar system. The fluid is heated by the solar collectors and this energy is stored in the storage tank due to thermal capacity of the fluid inside the tank. The basic components of the iiiheat pump are a reciprocating compressor, an electrical motor driving the compressor, a compact heat exchanger as the condenser, a capillary tube as the expansion device and a tube in helical coil type immersed into the storage tank as the evaporator. The computer program designs the components according to given design conditions. Then, it simulates the heat pump for off -design conditions (different tank and room temperatures). The program determines the safe operation conditions of the heat pump ( to avoid the liquid in suction or chemical reaction of refrigerant with oil inside the compressor at high temperatures). Finally, it obtains a chart which can be called as heat pump performance chart. It is possible to see the safe operation zone, heat transferred to the room, power consumption of the compressor and COP of the heat pump cycle for specified room and tank temperatures. The program is tested for many off-design conditions and the above performance charts and characteristic are obtained. The input data such as property table of a new refrigerant can easily be incorporated and the program has flexible features to handle new cases efficiently. It is observed that the program is very successful for each case in simulation of the operation of a heat pump assisted by a solar system. ivKeywords : Heat pump. Solar assisted heat pump, simulation and modelling Science Code : 625. 04. 05 oz GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ DESTEKLİ ISI POMPASININ BİLGİSAYARLA BENZEŞİMİ COŞKUN, A. Ümit Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Makina Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Rüknettin OSKAY Yardımcı Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Faruk ARINÇ Ağustos 1993, 130 Sayfa Bu çalışmanın amacı, güneş enerjisi destekli bir ısı pompasının performansım bilgisayar yardımı ile incelemektir. Bu çalışmada, ısı pomposımn bir depolama tankı ile ısıtılmak istenen bir mahal arasında enerji transferi yaptığı düşünülmüştür. Isı pompasının içindeki soğutucu gaz, enerji depolama tankının içine yerleştirilmiş buharlaştıncı tarafından ısıtılır. Soğutucu gaz enerjisini ısıtılacak mahale yerleştirilmiş yoguşturucu vasıtasıyla bırakır. Depolama tankının içindeki akışkanın antifiriz-su karışımı olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Akışkanın güneş sistemi tarafından ısıtılıp enerjisi depolama tankında ısıl kapasite olarak depolandığı kabul viedilmiştir. Sistemin temel birimleri, kompresör, kompresörü döndüren bir elektrik motoru, yoguşturucu olarak bir eşanjör, genleşme cihazı olarak bir kılcal boru ve buharlaştıncı olarak da depolama tankının içinde helis şeklinde sarılmış boru düşünülmüştür. Bilgisayar programı, önce tasarım şartlarına göre sistem parçalarının tasarımını yapıp boyut landınr. Sonra tasarım şartlarından farklı koşullardaki ( değişik oda ve tank sıcaklıklarında ) çalışmasını inceler. Bu sırada ısı pompasının güvenli çalışma koşullarım belirler. Daha sonra, oda ve tank sıcaklığına bağlı olarak güvenli çalışma bölgesini, ısı transfer miktarını, kompresör enerji harcamasını gösteren ve ısı pompası performans diyagramı diyebileceğimiz bir grafik elde eder. Bunlara ilave olarak, kullanılacak olan soğutucu gazlar da modellenmiştir. Bu gazların özelliklerine denklemler uydurulmuştur. Aynı zamanda farklı soğutucu gazların tablo halindeki değerlerini girip, denklemler uydurup kullanmak mümkündür. Anahtar Kelimeler : Isı pompası, güneş enerjisi destekli ısı pompası, benzeşimi ve modelleme. Bilim Dalı Syısal Kodu : 625.04.05 vii 130

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao YÖK Açık Bilim - CoH...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao YÖK Açık Bilim - CoH...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Sayindi, Mehmet;

    SUMMARY A machine gets together kinetic energy of the wind and the kinetic energy of the wind is converted the other energy species that it is called `Wind Turbine`.There are five part in the conventional wind turbine. These are Rotor ( blades and hub ), Gear box, Generator, Control system and Tower. In this study, the impacts of the characteristic of the wind on wind turbine design have been searched.lt is very difficult to design the system of wind energy because of the characteristics of the wind. It is quite important speed changing of the wind. For high speed of the wind, the system can destroy itself, therefore designer must built some precaution. Generally, there are two main groups of the wind turbines. These are called ` Horizontal and vertical-axis wind turbines`. The predominant configurations are horizontal-axis propeller turbines and Darrieus and Cyclogyro turbines; in small sizes some Savonius rotors and other cup-anemometer devices are also occasionally seen. In the performance analysis of wind turbines, the propeller devices were studied first. Regardless of the type of hardware and the mode of operation employed, the single most important parameter that determines the economic viability of wind-electric systems is the annual average energy production faktör k, otherwise known as plant factor, load factor or capacity factor. Blade design is the most important factor of windmill efficiency. Blade design is highly technical field, but it is closely related to aircraft airfoil, propeller and helicopter rotor design. At the end of all above mentioned discoveries, we tried to design the wind turbine and we tried to intensive the event by giving a sample. ÖZET Rüzgarın taşıdığı kinetik enerjiyi toplayan ve diğer enerji türlerine çeviren makinalara `Rüzgar Türbinleri` denir. Tipik bir rüzgar türbini şu kısımlardan oluşur:Rotor ( kanatlar ve göbek ), Hız yükseltici, Jeneratör, Kontrol sistemi ve Kule 'dir. Bu çalışmada, rüzgar karakteristiklerinin rüzgar türbini tasarımına etkileri incelenmiştir.Rüzgar hızının sürekli olmayışı ve değişim aralığının büyük olması, rüzgar enerjisi sistemlerinin dizaynını güçleştirmektedir. Bu sistemlerin dizaynı için, çalışma hız aralığını sınırlandırmak gerekir. Genelde, rüzgar türbinleri iki ana gruba ayrılır. Bunlar yatay ve dikey eksenli rüzgar türbinleri olarak adlandırılır. Rüzgar enerjisi dönüşüm sisteminde en önemli eleman rüzgar türbinidir.En yaygın kullanılan çeşidi yatay eksenli pervaneli türbinlerdir, bunun yanında Darrieus tip rotorlu türbinler, Cyclogyro tip rotorlu türbinler, ufak boyutlu Savonius tip rotorlu türbinler sıkça uygulama alanı alan çeşitlerdir.Rüzgar türbininin performans analizi yapıldığında, ilk sırayı pervaneli tip rotora sahip türbinler almaktadır. Rüzgar türbini- jeneratör grubunun dizaynı ve çalışma tarzı nasıl olursa olsun, en önemli parametre rüzgar-elektrik enerjisi dönüşüm sisteminin ekonomikliğidir. k olarak tanımlanan bu faktöre yük yada kapasite faktörü denir. Rotorun veriminde en önemli faktör kanat dizaynıdır. Rüzgar türbinlerinin rotor dizaynlarıyla,hava taşıtlarının airfoil ve pervane ile helikopterlerin rotor dizaynları arasında çok yakın bir benzerlik vardır. Sonuçta elde ettiğimiz veriler ışığında, rüzgar türbini dizayn etmeye ve bir örnek vererek olayı pekiştirmeye çalıştık. 205

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao YÖK Açık Bilim - CoH...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao YÖK Açık Bilim - CoH...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Opphard, Yannic;

    A aviação global contribui significativamente para a mudança climática, representando cerca de 2,5% das emissões globais. Os Combustíveis de Aviação Sustentáveis (SAF) oferecem uma alternativa promissora, emitindo até 80% menos CO2 do que o combustível de aviação convencional. No entanto, espera-se que os preços do SAF superem os preços do querosene fóssil, levando a aumentos de custos para os passageiros. Esta tese estuda como a introdução do SAF influencia os principais fatores de comportamento do cliente na indústria da aviação no mercado europeu e se os incentivos podem efetivamente encorajar uma adoção maior. Uma análise de conteúdo qualitativa usando a metodologia de Gioia foi conduzida com base em 15 entrevistas semiestruturadas com especialistas da indústria da aviação, e foram derivadas descobertas-chave. Utilizando os insights coletados nas entrevistas com especialistas, foi realizada uma pesquisa com o público em geral, com 261 participantes. As entrevistas com especialistas confirmam a literatura existente sobre a importância do SAF e a necessidade de novas estratégias para engajar efetivamente os clientes durante a introdução no mercado. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que fatores como sensibilidade ambiental, consideração dos impactos ambientais na reserva, medidas de compensação anteriores, frequência de voos, sexo e idade (associada ao rendimento) influenciam positivamente a disponibilidade para pagar pelo SAF. Os resultados identificam elementos cruciais para alcançar um voo mais neutro em carbono com SAF do ponto de vista do cliente. Eles ilustram como os incentivos podem criar um cenário vantajoso para ambos, beneficiando tanto as companhias aéreas quanto os clientes. Global aviation significantly contributes to climate change, representing about 2.5% of global emissions. Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) offer a promising alternative, emitting up to 80% less CO2 than conventional jet fuel. However, SAF prices are expected to surpass fossil kerosene prices, leading to cost increases for passengers. This thesis studies how the introduction of SAF influences key customer behavior factors within the aviation industry in the European market and whether incentives can effectively encourage greater adoption. A qualitative content analysis using Gioia’s methodology was conducted based on 15 semi-structured interviews with aviation industry experts, and key findings were derived. Utilizing the insights gathered from the expert interviews, a survey was carried out among the general public with 261 participants. The expert interviews confirm the extant literature regarding the significance of SAF and the need for new strategies to effectively engage customers during market ramp-up. The survey results demonstrate that key factors positively influence willingness to pay (WTP) for SAF. Factors include environmental awareness, consideration of environmental impacts when booking, previous compensation measures, frequency of flying, gender, and age (linked to income). Incentives can further increase WTP for SAF, most notably for seats with extra legroom and proportionally, most on short-haul flights. The results identify crucial elements for achieving more carbon-neutral flying with SAF from the customer's perspective. They illustrate how incentives can create a win-win scenario, benefiting both airlines and customers.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositório Instituc...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositório Instituc...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Kockel, Christina;
    Kockel, Christina
    ORCID
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    Kockel, Christina in OpenAIRE
    Nolting, Lars; Goldbeck, Rafael; orcid Wulf, Christina;
    Wulf, Christina
    ORCID
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    Wulf, Christina in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    Abstract Microgrids integrating local renewable energy sources at low-voltage level show promising potentials in realizing a reliable, efficient, and clean supply of electricity. Further improvements are expected when such a microgrid is operated based on direct current (dc) instead of alternating current (ac) infrastructure for power distribution commonly in use today. Our study aims to systemically quantify the gap between environmental impacts of microgrids at building level using the case study of power distribution within office buildings. For this purpose, a scalable comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted based on a technical bottom-up analysis of differences between ac and dc microgrids. Particularly, our approach combines the micro-level assessment of required power electronic components with the macro-level requirements for daily operation derived from a generic grid model. The results indicate that the environmental impacts of employed power electronics are substantially reduced by operating a microgrid based on dc power distribution infrastructure. Our sensitivity analyses show that efficient dc microgrids particularly lead to savings in climate change impact emissions. In addition, our study shows that the state-of-the-art scaling rules of power electronics currently used in LCAs leads to inaccurate results. In contrast, the proposed methodology applies a more technical approach, which enables a detailed analysis of the environmental impacts of power electronic components at system level. Thus, it provides the foundation for an evaluation criterion for a comprehensive assessment of technological changes within the framework of energy policy objectives.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Juelich Shared Elect...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Juelich Shared Elect...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Ernst, Anna;
    Ernst, Anna
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    Shamon, Hawal;

    Abstract Public participation is often part of planning and decision-making processes relating to the German energy transformation (Energiewende). Factors influencing the active involvement of individuals have not been fully investigated, although these factors may impact the outcome of participatory decision making. However, a few concepts are discussed relating to what kind of people participate in governance processes: political efficacy, place attachment, value orientation, and sociodemographic characteristics. We further assumed that the aspects of attitudes toward renewable energy technologies, general knowledge about environment and energy, specific knowledge about electricity-generating technologies, personality strength, and living situation might influence people's participation in planning and decision making related to energy issues. In this study, we examine the relevance of these concepts based on a survey for which (n=) 2400 respondents were recruited from an access panel to build up a quota sample on the three crossed characteristics: gender, age, and school education. Many of the respondents are aware of participation options but very few become actively engaged in participation processes. The multivariate analyses conducted showed that attitudes towards renewable energy technologies, value orientation towards nature, political efficacy, personality strength, and individuals' specific knowledge have a strong influence on whether someone becomes actively involved or not.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Juelich Shared Elect...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Policy
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Juelich Shared Elect...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Policy
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Üze, Semih;

    The object of this study was to identify the pro cesses in the production of beet sugar and apply to these processes the first and second laws of therm.0dynam.ic3 to determine the losses and irreversibilities. The sugar industry is dependent on agriculture and for this reason is a preferred industrial sector in deve loping countries because both agricutural and industrial development can be achieved. Furthermore the by-products of sugar factories can be utilised in other agricultural area.3 In parallel with increasing population and national income, it has been necessary to modernise the existing stigar factories and to boild new factories in light of the experience gained. Decrease in the supply of fossil fuels ami environmental considerations have forced industry to take measures for energy recovery and to utilise energy sources at lower temperatures. For this reason/ the mass and energy balances of sugar production processes based on practical estimations of dry substances, sacca rose ratio and purity is inadequate. In the first section of this thesis the first and second laws of thermodynamics and the availability equation are stated and their application to closed and open systems are shown by examples. Information on the properties of the sugar beet and processes related to extraction of sugar from beets is given next. Later the processes are considered separately and the energy and available energy analysis are made for each process. The thermodynamic properties of the substances taking place in this processes are expressed in equation form by using the tables ami graphs available in the literature, BALOH [1], IRVINE and LILEY [2]. The development of sugar industry in Turkey and its present state are also accounted. The capacities and production rates of the sugar factories are given m a table. In the third section of the thesis the operating parameters of the Elazığ Sugar Factory are used as input., to do a first and second law analysis of the production processes in a sugar factory. The processes of sugar production from beets is shown in the diagram below. vi ıWater Beets J L_ JUICE PRODUCTION Water. C02 - Lime - Pressed Molasses.JUICE PURIFICATION Fuel-*- DRYING OF Air - MOLASSES Dried `*` Molasses Sludge.JUICE CONCENTRATION Make-up water Fuel Air _1 L REFINERY Waste water ELECTRICITY AND STEAM GENERATION i r Electrical Stack Energy Gases Molasses Sugar Block Diagram of Processes in a Sugar Factory Processing Beets In the Elasig Sugar Factory 48.79 k¥h (175643 kJ) heat energy and 3.02 kWh (10872 kJ) electrical energy was used to produce 14.83 kg sugar from 100 kg of beets during the 1990 campaign. 100 kg of beets has been used as a reference quantity and referred to as unit beet (BP) in this study. The daily sugar production capacity of the Elasig Sugar Factory is 1650 tons of beets. During the 1990 campaigne the daily production rate of the factory was 165 tons of crystal sugar and 26 tons of cube sugar. The daily average thermal energy used for this production was 628415 k¥h (2262.3 GJ) and the daily average electrical energy requirement was 38898 klh (140 GJ). A steam turbine cogeneration plant was used to supply the heat and electricity requirements. 18 m3/h of steam at 2.5 MPa pressure and 380°C temperature i3 produced in three steam boilers. Electricity is produced by three 1.2 HW five stage turbines. The back pressure in the turbines is between 0.8 and 2.2 bars. The average power output of the turbines during the 1990 campaign was 2. 3 MW. VI 11For comparison., a sugar factory in German uses 11.811 k¥h (42520 kJ) of thermal energy and 6.668 kWh (24005 kJ) of electrical energy to produce 14.46 kg sugar per 100 Kg beets, AUERSWALD [3J. The capacity of this factory is 4440 tons beet per day and the daily thermal and electrical energies used in' this factory are 524000 kWh (1886.4 GJ) and 296000 kWh (1066 GJ) respectively. The reason for the high electric energy usage in this factory compared to Elazığ Sugar Factory is that heat pumps are used to regain heat at low temperatures. The main reason for the low thermal energy usage in this factory is that electiricity used is largely bought from the national grid and therefore, the amount of steam required to generate electricity for the turbines is lowered. In the Elazığ Sugar Factory a total of 51.81 kWh (186516 kJ) of thermal and electrical energy was used to process 100 kg of beets. The reasons for high energy usage are the low capacity of the factory, the old technology U3ed and design faults such as the unnecessarily long steam supply lines. With today' s technology it is estimated that the total energy requirement to process 100 kg of beets can be lowered` to 40.56 k¥h (146016 kJ), BÂLOH [4]. This represents a energy saving of 21.7 % over the present ene rgy r e qui r emen t s. With the computer program developed in this study it is possible to perform energy and exergy (available energy) analysis for sugar factories. The processes (open systems) and the inlet and outlet streams associated with these processes are identified first and then the entalpies and available energies of these streams are calculated. Application of the first law of thermodynamics and the availability equation to these processes yield the heat transfer, irreversibilities., first and second law efficiencies of these processes. In the analysis of the Elazığ Sugar Factory, the general flow diagram for factories producing sugar from beets was taken as basis.. Ö2KAN [5]. This flow diagram given in section 3.2.2 show very little variations in different factories producing sugar from beets. The computer program that has prepared in this thesis is modular and therefore these variations can easily be incorporated into it. It is also possible, to chance the control volumes so that any portion of a process can be analysed in more detail. By using this computer program it is expected that a first and second law analysis can be made In the planning stage so that the construction and layout of te factory can be optimised. The first law efficiency of the processes concerned has been defined as the ratio of the total enthalpy of the masses leaving the control volume to the sum of the total enthalpy of the masses entering the control volume and the electric energy input to the control volume. This is a measure, of the heat transfer to the IXenvironment. If heat transfer to the environment can be lowered., the first law efficiency can be improved. Equation 2.7 expresses the first law efficiency. The second law efficiency of the processes concerned has been defined as the ratio of the availability of the masses leaving the control volume less the availability of heat transfer to the environment to the availability of the masses entering the control volume plus the electrical energy input. The second law efficiency is a measure of the irreversibilities in the process. Second law efficiency increase as the heat transfer to the environment and the internal irreversibilities in the process are lowered. Equation 2.27 expresses the second law efficiency. Results of the first and second law analysis of the processes in the Elazığ Sugar Factory are summarised below. In the juice, production process the first law efficiency is 95 % and second law efficiency 55 %. In this process third stage steam at 103°C is used as the heating medium. Since the temperature of the water or juice being heated is at least 21°C lower than this temperature, irreversibilities due to heat transfer at a finite temperature difference increase. The use of fourth stage steam at 90°C, by increasing the heating surfaces will lower the irreversibilities. In the jxiice purification process the first law efficiency was calculated as 90 % and the second law efficiency was calculated a3 70 %. In the limed raw juice heating section of this process fourth stage steam at 90°C, instead of third stage steam at 103°C should be used to reduce irreversibilities. For the same reason the third stage steam at 103°C can be used instead of the second stage steam at 115°C in the carbonation heating section. In the juice concentration stage, the first law efficiency was calculated as 96 % and the second law efficiency was calculated as 91 %. The reason for higher efficiencies is that concentration is done in stages and that the vapour seperated from juice in one stage is used to heat juice in the next stage. The frequent cleaning of the heaters to prevent the formation of deposits will decrease the quantity of stream required in the heaters. This will help increase the first and second law efficiencies. In the refining process., the first law efficiency was calculated as 78 % and the second law efficiency was cal culated as 67 %. The reason for higher irreversibilities in the crystalliser is that the vapour separated from the juice i 3 condenced at a high temperature difference inthe condensers and that the low temperature condensates cannot be used for further heating. Furthermore high temperature dif frence s are needed in the vacuum pans. In the drying of molasses, the first law efficiency was calculated as 71 % and the second law efficiency as 20 %. The fuel expenditure for drying molasses in sugar factories that process beets is quite high. In the E la sığ Sugar Factory 3.84 küflı (13424 kJ) of thermal e- nergy is used to obtain 1 kg of dry molasses and 3.29 k¥h (11844 kJ) of thermal energy is used to obtain 1 kg of sugar. The energy balance in the process of drying molasses show that a larger portion of the fuel energy is passed to the evaporating water. The second law analysis show that the ava i lability of the resulting vapours is low due to low temperatures. As a result the loss of available energy in drying molasses is high. The irreversibilities originate from incomplete combustion., mixing of cool air with the drying air and the high temperature difference between the molasses and the drying air stream. The irreversibilities in the mixing chamber can be prevented by using the combustion chamber as a boiler for steam generation. Thus the combustion gases need not be mixed with cool air to attain the proper temperature for drying but are colled to the required tempetarure during the production of steam. The production rate of dry molasses of the factory is 1700 tons per year. The rest of the molasses is given to the livestock growers to be used as animal feed. In the steam generation process the first law efficiency was calculated as 79 H and the second law efficiency was calculated as 35 %. In the process of steam generation 4. 37 kg of fuel oil with a lower heating value `of 40193 kJ/kg` per 100 kg of beets. The irreversibilities in steam generation result from the combustion process itself. The deposition of layers on steam generating surfaces and the high temperature stack gase3 also in drying molasses decrease the losses and hence the fuel consumption. The results of the first and second law analysis made showed that the second law efficiencies could be much lower than the first law efficiencies and that conclusions based on first law analysis alone could be misleading. Bu çalışmanın amacı pancar işleyen bir şeker fabrikasında üretim süreçlerini belirlemek ve bu süreçlere termodinamiğin birinci ve ikinci kanunlarını uygulamak ol muştur. Çalışmada önce termodinamiğin birinci kanunu, termodinamiğin ikinci kanunu ve kullanılabilir enerji denklemleri açıklanmıştır. Pancardan şeker üretimi süreçleri tek tek ele alınarak, Elazığ Şeker Fabrikası verileriyle enerji ve kullanılabilir enerji çözümlemesi yapılmıştır. Pancardan şeker üreten fabrikaların genel akım şemalarına göre. üretim süreçleri: Şerbet üretimi, şerbetin arıtılması, şerbetin koyulaştırılması, şekerin kristalleştirilmesi ve eldesi, küspe kurutma ve buhar üretimi olarak alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada geliştirilen bilgisayar programında süreçlerin birinci ve ikinci kanun verimleri hesaplanarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Süreçlerin enerji ve kullanılabilir enerji çözümlemeleri modüler biçimde yapıldığından, istenildiğinde bası kontrol hacimleri hesap dışı bırakılabilir. Bundan başka daha dar kapsamlı kontrol hacimleri seçilerek kurulu fabrikalarda yenileştirmeler, kurulacak fabrikalarda projelendirme yönlendirilebilir. Yapılan enerji ve kullanılabilir enerji çözümlemeleri sonucunda şerbet üretimi ve şerbet arıtma süreçlerindeki bası ısıtıcılarda daha. düşük sıcaklıkta ısıtıcı buhar kullanımının mümkün olabileceği saptanmıştır. Şerbetin koyulaştırılması sürecinde ise tüketiciler için çekilen buhar miktarlarının azaltılması ile koyulaştırma için gereken çürük buhar miktarı düşecektir. Küspe kurutma sürecinde tersinmezlikler yanma odasının modernize edilme si, karışım odasının buhar üretici olarak kullanılması ile azaltılabilir. Buhar üretimindeki kullanılabilir enerji kayıpları kazan veriminin düşüklüğünden, yanmanın tam olmamasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Şeker üretiminde nominal çalışma noktasından sapmalarda ortaya çıkan buhar tüketimi fakları veya buhar üreticisinde ısıtıcı yüzeyler üzerinde biriken katmanlar nedeniyle yüksek sıcaklıkta a- tık gazların oluşması, kayıplara yol açar. Bu atık gazların küspe kurutmada kullanılması kayıpları, dolayısıyla da yakıt tüketimini azaltır. Yapılan enerji ve kullanılabilir enerji çözümlemeleri sonucunda enerji çözümlemelerinin, tersinmezlikleri gözönüne almaması nedeniyle, kullanılabilir enerji çözümlemeleriyle tamamlanmadığı zaman yetersiz kaldığı ve hatta yanıltıcı sonuçlar verdiği saptanmıştır. 150

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    Authors: orcid bw Ugur Korkut Pata;
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    This study explores the time-varying efects of crude oil prices (OP) and gold prices (GP) on the Turkish stock market using a weekly data series from November 26, 1989 to July 10, 2022. For this purpose, we develop a new hybrid technique, the rolling window-based nonparametric quantile causality test, which allows the inves tigation of time-varying causality at various quantiles. The results reveal that (i) under all market conditions, there is time-varying causality from crude OP and GP to Turkish stock market returns (SMR) and volatility. (ii) The causal efects of both crude OP and GP on stock market volatility are larger than their causal efects on SMR. (iii) The crude OP have a greater impact on SMR than the GP, while the GP has a greater impact on stock market volatility than the crude OP. (iv) Both crude OP and GP have the strongest (least) causal impact on SMR and volatility under normal (bullish) market conditions. (v) Crude OP and GP have a greater impact on stock market volatility than on stock returns under all market conditions. Overall, our results highlight that OP and GP have a strong impact on the Turkish stock mar ket, and this impact varies by returns and volatility. Therefore, fnancial investors should consider the volatility of crude OP and GP in the Turkish stock market.

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    Asia-Pacific Financial Markets
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Asia-Pacific Financial Markets
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Goorhuis, A.B.; Mast, Q. de; Hovius, J.W.; Nood, E. van;

    Climate change directly and indirectly contributes to the emergence of vector and water borne infections. Other infectious diseases may be introduced to new geographical areas as a result of globalisation and changing human behaviour. Despite the still low absolute risk, the pathogenicity of some of these infections creates a significant challenge for clinicians. Awareness of changing disease epidemiology helps in timely recognition of such infections. Vaccination guidelines for emerging vaccine-preventable diseases, such as tick-borne encephalitis and leptospirosis, may need to be updated. Contains fulltext : 293459.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)

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    Article . 2023
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    Authors: Polat, Hasan Salih;

    ÖZET Y.Lisans Tezi ERZURUM KOŞULLARINDA KONUTLAR İÇİN GÜNEŞ ENERJİLİ KAPALI DEVRE SICAK SU SİSTEMİ KURULMASI VE EKONOMİK ANALİZİ Hasan Salih POLAT Atatürk Ünivertsitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Makine Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Danışman. Prof. Dr. Bedri YÜKSEL Geleneksel enerji kaynaklarının fiyatlarındaki yükseliş ve ciddi şekilde çevre kirliliği problemleri oluşturmaları nedeniyle, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklan ve özellikle güneş enerjisinin kullanımı artmıştır. Güneş enerjisinin kullanımında en pratik yöntem, bu enerjisiyle sıcak su elde etmektir. Güneş enerjisi önemli bir yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olmasına rağmen, Türkiye gibi güneş potansiyeli yüksek ülkelerde bile ticari amaçla yaygınlaşmamıştır. Türkiye enerji ihtiyacını, çok sınırlı kaynağı bulunan fosil yakıtlardan sağlamaktadır ve bu yalan gelecekte çok ciddi problemlere yol açacaktır. Türkiye'de güneş enerjisi yaygın olarak batı bölgelerimizde kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte kış aylarında düşük sıcaklık ve donma tehlikesi nedeniyle bölgemizde kullanımı yaygınlaşmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, bölgemizde güneş enerjisi ile sıcak su hazırlama sisteminin yaygınlaşması için, Erzurum ilinde bir uygulama yapmak amaçlanmıştır. Kapalı sistemle yaz-kış çalışan güneş enerjili sıcak su elde etme sistemi Atatürk Üniversitesi kampüsünde bulunan 4. Bloğa yerleştirilerek performansı izlenmiş ve Şubat, Mart, Nisan, Mayıs, Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında, günlük ortalama yakıt tasarrufu miktarı tespit edilmiştir 2002, 135 sayfa Anahtar kelimler: Güneş enerjisi, sıcak su elde etme sistemi, Erzurum, kapalı devre, yakıt tasarrufu ABSTRACT Master Thesis SOLAR ENERGY FOR ERZURUM BLOCK CLOSED SYSTEM HOT WATER OPERATION AND ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS Hasan Salih POLAT Atatürk University Graduate School of Natural ond Applied Sciences Department of Mechanical Enginner Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Bedri YÜKSEL Owing to the price of the traditional energy resources and the serious environmental pollution problems the use of the renewables, especially the solar energy, is continuously increasing. One of the most classical way to use the solar energy is making solar energy with hot water.. Although solar energy is the most important renewable energy source it has not yet become widely commerical even in nation with high solar potanential such as Turkey. Most energy is provided originally from fosil fuel and those have very limited recourses in Turkey and a matter of fact that they will be used up in the near future.Solar energy hot water systems are widely used in the west regions of turkey. However, low temperature in winter and danger of freezing, it has not found any useage in our region. Tis activity is processed in our city in order to use the solar energy and preparing for hot water system. In closed system hot watered solar energy activity summmer-winter continous action is applied in the campus of Atatürk University over 4. blocks Perfonmance is followed Fabruary, March, April, May, June and July months energy saving in a noticed amount daily notified. 2002, 135 pages Keywords: Solar energy, hot water supply system, Erzurum, closed system, energy saving 135

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