• Energy Research

This paper proposes an Improved Magnetic Circuit (IMC) model for the optimal design and characteristics evaluation of the Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (FP-PMSG) for wind power application. Along with the Finite Element Method (FEM), the IMC model is also preferred for its faster result generation capabilities. The proposed model is used for optimal designing and performance evaluation of FP-PMSG by considering parameters such as leakage fluxes, properties of core material for rotor and stator, properties of rotor permanent magnet sleeve material, effect of saturation and armature reaction. To compute the armature reaction flux, the winding function approach has been opted. Furthermore, extensive analysis is done with respect to different sleeve and core materials along with improvising various dimensional parameters like magnet height, Magnet to Magnet (M-M) gap and sleeve length for high quality performance of FP-PMSG. To validate the results obtained from IMC model and FEM, an experimental prototype is developed and the electromagnetic performances such as generated voltage, Percentage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of generated voltage, terminal voltage vs load current, generated Electromotive Force (EMF) vs speed, rectified Direct Current (DC) Voltage vs DC current, output DC Power vs load resistance and percentage (%) efficiency vs current are evaluated. Through fabrication of the prototype of FP-PMSG in the laboratory, a substantial amount of engineering values have been acquired.

This paper proposes an Improved Magnetic Circuit (IMC) model for the optimal design and characteristics evaluation of the Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (FP-PMSG) for wind power application. Along with the Finite Element Method (FEM), the IMC model is also preferred for its faster result generation capabilities. The proposed model is used for optimal designing and performance evaluation of FP-PMSG by considering parameters such as leakage fluxes, properties of core material for rotor and stator, properties of rotor permanent magnet sleeve material, effect of saturation and armature reaction. To compute the armature reaction flux, the winding function approach has been opted. Furthermore, extensive analysis is done with respect to different sleeve and core materials along with improvising various dimensional parameters like magnet height, Magnet to Magnet (M-M) gap and sleeve length for high quality performance of FP-PMSG. To validate the results obtained from IMC model and FEM, an experimental prototype is developed and the electromagnetic performances such as generated voltage, Percentage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of generated voltage, terminal voltage vs load current, generated Electromotive Force (EMF) vs speed, rectified Direct Current (DC) Voltage vs DC current, output DC Power vs load resistance and percentage (%) efficiency vs current are evaluated. Through fabrication of the prototype of FP-PMSG in the laboratory, a substantial amount of engineering values have been acquired.

This paper presents the design and analysis of electromagnetic characteristics of a five phase permanent magnet synchronous generator for direct drive wind energy conversion system (WECS). In this study, simple and accurate Dynamic Reluctance Network Modeling is used for design and optimization of generator. The anisotropic structure of stator and rotor for the accurate prediction of flux distribution in the air gap and electromagnetic performance is accounted by the dynamic variation of air gap reluctance in an electrical period. This model considers the leakage flux paths for machine design optimization to achieve better performance. In this context, three permanent magnet (PM) materials namely NdFeB, SmCo and ferrite are considered to evaluate the generated voltage. The dimensions of these permanent magnets are varied and performance under normal and saturated core condition is evaluated. A prototype is developed in the machine laboratory of the IIT(BHU) Varanasi (India) and results obtained in accordance with Finite Element Method.

This paper presents the design and analysis of electromagnetic characteristics of a five phase permanent magnet synchronous generator for direct drive wind energy conversion system (WECS). In this study, simple and accurate Dynamic Reluctance Network Modeling is used for design and optimization of generator. The anisotropic structure of stator and rotor for the accurate prediction of flux distribution in the air gap and electromagnetic performance is accounted by the dynamic variation of air gap reluctance in an electrical period. This model considers the leakage flux paths for machine design optimization to achieve better performance. In this context, three permanent magnet (PM) materials namely NdFeB, SmCo and ferrite are considered to evaluate the generated voltage. The dimensions of these permanent magnets are varied and performance under normal and saturated core condition is evaluated. A prototype is developed in the machine laboratory of the IIT(BHU) Varanasi (India) and results obtained in accordance with Finite Element Method.

L'objectif principal de cet article est de concevoir et d'évaluer l'étude des caractéristiques du nouveau générateur synchrone à aimant permanent pseudo-polaire à double stator (NDSPPFP-PMSG) pour l'application de l'énergie éolienne.Le générateur proposé a un double stator et deux ensembles de cinq enroulements de phase qui améliorent sa densité de puissance et sa capacité de tolérance aux pannes.La nouveauté de ce générateur est basée sur le fait que huit pôles magnétiques sont formés en utilisant seulement quatre pôles d'aimants réels sur les deux surfaces du rotor.Pour la conception et les performances électromagnétiques optimales du générateur proposé, un générateur dynamique Le modèle de circuit magnétique (DMCM) est rapporté.Pour valider les résultats obtenus à partir du DMCM, la méthode des éléments finis (FEM) a été choisie en raison de sa grande précision.Pour montrer la supériorité des performances, le générateur proposé est comparé à deux générateurs conventionnels à savoir, DSEPFP (Dual Stator Embedded-Pole Five Phase) et SSSRFP (Single Stator Single Rotor Five Phase) PMSG.Pour comparer leurs performances, les résultats du FEM sont pris en compte.La performance électromagnétique à savoir, la force électromotrice générée (EMF), pourcentage(%) Distorsion harmonique totale (THD) de la EMF générée, EMF générée vs la vitesse, la tension aux bornes en fonction du courant de charge, le couple électromagnétique développé sur le rotor en fonction du temps, le % de contenu d'ondulation dans le couple et le % d'efficacité en fonction du courant de charge sont étudiés pour les trois générateurs. De ces études, il ressort que la densité de puissance (rapport puissance/poids) du générateur proposé est maximale. El objetivo principal de este documento es diseñar y evaluar la investigación de características del nuevo generador síncrono de imanes permanentes de seudopolos de doble estator (NDSPPFP-PMSG) para la aplicación de energía eólica. El generador propuesto tiene un estator dual y dos conjuntos de devanados de cinco fases que mejoran su densidad de potencia y su capacidad de tolerancia a fallos. La novedad de este generador se basa en el hecho de que, ocho polos magnéticos se forman utilizando solo cuatro polos de imanes reales en ambas superficies del rotor. Para el diseño y el rendimiento electromagnético óptimo del generador propuesto, un Se informa el Modelo de Circuito Magnético (DMCM). Para validar los resultados obtenidos de DMCM, se ha optado por el Método de Elementos Finitos (FEM) debido a su alta precisión. Para mostrar la superioridad del rendimiento, se compara el generador propuesto con dos generadores convencionales, a saber, Dual Stator Embedded-Pole Five Phase (DSEPFP) y Single Stator Single Rotor Five Phase (SSSRFP) PMSG. Para comparar sus rendimientos, se consideran los resultados de FEM. El rendimiento electromagnético, a saber, la Fuerza Electromotriz generada (EMF), porcentaje(%) Distorsión Armónica Total (ThD) de EMF generada, EMF generada vs se investigan la velocidad, el voltaje terminal frente a la corriente de carga, el par electromagnético desarrollado en el rotor frente al tiempo, el % de contenido de ondulación en el par y el % de eficiencia frente a la corriente de carga para los tres generadores. A partir de estas investigaciones, se encuentra que la densidad de potencia (relación potencia-peso) del generador propuesto es máxima. The main focus of this paper is to design and assess the characteristics investigation of Novel Dual Stator Pseudo-Pole Five Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (NDSPPFP-PMSG) for wind power application.The proposed generator has a dual stator and two sets of five phase windings which enhance its power density and fault tolerant capability.The novelty of this generator is based on the fact that, eight magnetic poles are formed using only four poles of actual magnets on both the surfaces of the rotor.For the designing and optimal electromagnetic performance of the proposed generator, a Dynamic Magnetic Circuit Model (DMCM) is reported.To validate the results obtained from DMCM, Finite Element Method (FEM) has been opted owing to its high accuracy.For showing the performance superiority, the proposed generator is compared with two conventional generators namely, Dual Stator Embedded-Pole Five Phase (DSEPFP) and Single Stator Single Rotor Five Phase (SSSRFP) PMSG.To compare their performances, FEM results are considered.The electromagnetic performance namely, generated Electromotive Force(EMF), percentage(%) Total Harmonic Distortion(THD) of generated EMF, generated EMF vs speed, terminal voltage vs load current, electromagnetic torque developed on rotor vs time, %ripple content in the torque, and %efficiency vs load current are investigated for all the three generators.From these investigations, it is found that the power density (power to weight ratio) of the proposed generator is maximum. ينصب التركيز الرئيسي لهذه الورقة على تصميم وتقييم التحقيق في خصائص المولد المتزامن للمغناطيس الدائم ثنائي القطب الزائف (NDSPPFP - PMSG) لتطبيق طاقة الرياح. يحتوي المولد المقترح على عضو ساكن مزدوج ومجموعتين من اللفات خماسية الطور التي تعزز كثافة طاقته وقدرته على تحمل الأخطاء. تعتمد حداثة هذا المولد على حقيقة أنه يتم تشكيل ثمانية أقطاب مغناطيسية باستخدام أربعة أقطاب فقط من المغناطيس الفعلي على كل من أسطح الدوار. للتصميم والأداء الكهرومغناطيسي الأمثل للمولد المقترح، تم الإبلاغ عن نموذج الدائرة المغناطيسية (DMCM). للتحقق من صحة النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من نموذج الدائرة المغناطيسية (DMCM)، تم اختيار طريقة العناصر المحدودة (FEM) نظرًا لدقتها العالية. لإظهار تفوق الأداء، تتم مقارنة المولد المقترح مع اثنين من المولدات التقليدية وهما، المرحلة الخامسة للجزء الثابت المضمن (DSEPFP) و PMSG للجزء الثابت المفرد. لمقارنة أدائها، يتم النظر في نتائج FEM. الأداء الكهرومغناطيسي أي القوة المحركة الكهرومغناطيسية المتولدة (EMF)، النسبة المئوية (٪) التشوه التوافقي الكلي (THD) من المجال الكهرومغناطيسي المتولد، المجال الكهرومغناطيسي المتولد مقابل يتم فحص السرعة والجهد الطرفي مقابل تيار الحمل وعزم الدوران الكهرومغناطيسي المطور على الدوار مقابل الوقت ومحتوى التموج في عزم الدوران و ٪الكفاءة مقابل تيار الحمل لجميع المولدات الثلاثة. من هذه التحقيقات، وجد أن كثافة الطاقة (نسبة الطاقة إلى الوزن) للمولد المقترح هي الحد الأقصى.

L'objectif principal de cet article est de concevoir et d'évaluer l'étude des caractéristiques du nouveau générateur synchrone à aimant permanent pseudo-polaire à double stator (NDSPPFP-PMSG) pour l'application de l'énergie éolienne.Le générateur proposé a un double stator et deux ensembles de cinq enroulements de phase qui améliorent sa densité de puissance et sa capacité de tolérance aux pannes.La nouveauté de ce générateur est basée sur le fait que huit pôles magnétiques sont formés en utilisant seulement quatre pôles d'aimants réels sur les deux surfaces du rotor.Pour la conception et les performances électromagnétiques optimales du générateur proposé, un générateur dynamique Le modèle de circuit magnétique (DMCM) est rapporté.Pour valider les résultats obtenus à partir du DMCM, la méthode des éléments finis (FEM) a été choisie en raison de sa grande précision.Pour montrer la supériorité des performances, le générateur proposé est comparé à deux générateurs conventionnels à savoir, DSEPFP (Dual Stator Embedded-Pole Five Phase) et SSSRFP (Single Stator Single Rotor Five Phase) PMSG.Pour comparer leurs performances, les résultats du FEM sont pris en compte.La performance électromagnétique à savoir, la force électromotrice générée (EMF), pourcentage(%) Distorsion harmonique totale (THD) de la EMF générée, EMF générée vs la vitesse, la tension aux bornes en fonction du courant de charge, le couple électromagnétique développé sur le rotor en fonction du temps, le % de contenu d'ondulation dans le couple et le % d'efficacité en fonction du courant de charge sont étudiés pour les trois générateurs. De ces études, il ressort que la densité de puissance (rapport puissance/poids) du générateur proposé est maximale. El objetivo principal de este documento es diseñar y evaluar la investigación de características del nuevo generador síncrono de imanes permanentes de seudopolos de doble estator (NDSPPFP-PMSG) para la aplicación de energía eólica. El generador propuesto tiene un estator dual y dos conjuntos de devanados de cinco fases que mejoran su densidad de potencia y su capacidad de tolerancia a fallos. La novedad de este generador se basa en el hecho de que, ocho polos magnéticos se forman utilizando solo cuatro polos de imanes reales en ambas superficies del rotor. Para el diseño y el rendimiento electromagnético óptimo del generador propuesto, un Se informa el Modelo de Circuito Magnético (DMCM). Para validar los resultados obtenidos de DMCM, se ha optado por el Método de Elementos Finitos (FEM) debido a su alta precisión. Para mostrar la superioridad del rendimiento, se compara el generador propuesto con dos generadores convencionales, a saber, Dual Stator Embedded-Pole Five Phase (DSEPFP) y Single Stator Single Rotor Five Phase (SSSRFP) PMSG. Para comparar sus rendimientos, se consideran los resultados de FEM. El rendimiento electromagnético, a saber, la Fuerza Electromotriz generada (EMF), porcentaje(%) Distorsión Armónica Total (ThD) de EMF generada, EMF generada vs se investigan la velocidad, el voltaje terminal frente a la corriente de carga, el par electromagnético desarrollado en el rotor frente al tiempo, el % de contenido de ondulación en el par y el % de eficiencia frente a la corriente de carga para los tres generadores. A partir de estas investigaciones, se encuentra que la densidad de potencia (relación potencia-peso) del generador propuesto es máxima. The main focus of this paper is to design and assess the characteristics investigation of Novel Dual Stator Pseudo-Pole Five Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (NDSPPFP-PMSG) for wind power application.The proposed generator has a dual stator and two sets of five phase windings which enhance its power density and fault tolerant capability.The novelty of this generator is based on the fact that, eight magnetic poles are formed using only four poles of actual magnets on both the surfaces of the rotor.For the designing and optimal electromagnetic performance of the proposed generator, a Dynamic Magnetic Circuit Model (DMCM) is reported.To validate the results obtained from DMCM, Finite Element Method (FEM) has been opted owing to its high accuracy.For showing the performance superiority, the proposed generator is compared with two conventional generators namely, Dual Stator Embedded-Pole Five Phase (DSEPFP) and Single Stator Single Rotor Five Phase (SSSRFP) PMSG.To compare their performances, FEM results are considered.The electromagnetic performance namely, generated Electromotive Force(EMF), percentage(%) Total Harmonic Distortion(THD) of generated EMF, generated EMF vs speed, terminal voltage vs load current, electromagnetic torque developed on rotor vs time, %ripple content in the torque, and %efficiency vs load current are investigated for all the three generators.From these investigations, it is found that the power density (power to weight ratio) of the proposed generator is maximum. ينصب التركيز الرئيسي لهذه الورقة على تصميم وتقييم التحقيق في خصائص المولد المتزامن للمغناطيس الدائم ثنائي القطب الزائف (NDSPPFP - PMSG) لتطبيق طاقة الرياح. يحتوي المولد المقترح على عضو ساكن مزدوج ومجموعتين من اللفات خماسية الطور التي تعزز كثافة طاقته وقدرته على تحمل الأخطاء. تعتمد حداثة هذا المولد على حقيقة أنه يتم تشكيل ثمانية أقطاب مغناطيسية باستخدام أربعة أقطاب فقط من المغناطيس الفعلي على كل من أسطح الدوار. للتصميم والأداء الكهرومغناطيسي الأمثل للمولد المقترح، تم الإبلاغ عن نموذج الدائرة المغناطيسية (DMCM). للتحقق من صحة النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من نموذج الدائرة المغناطيسية (DMCM)، تم اختيار طريقة العناصر المحدودة (FEM) نظرًا لدقتها العالية. لإظهار تفوق الأداء، تتم مقارنة المولد المقترح مع اثنين من المولدات التقليدية وهما، المرحلة الخامسة للجزء الثابت المضمن (DSEPFP) و PMSG للجزء الثابت المفرد. لمقارنة أدائها، يتم النظر في نتائج FEM. الأداء الكهرومغناطيسي أي القوة المحركة الكهرومغناطيسية المتولدة (EMF)، النسبة المئوية (٪) التشوه التوافقي الكلي (THD) من المجال الكهرومغناطيسي المتولد، المجال الكهرومغناطيسي المتولد مقابل يتم فحص السرعة والجهد الطرفي مقابل تيار الحمل وعزم الدوران الكهرومغناطيسي المطور على الدوار مقابل الوقت ومحتوى التموج في عزم الدوران و ٪الكفاءة مقابل تيار الحمل لجميع المولدات الثلاثة. من هذه التحقيقات، وجد أن كثافة الطاقة (نسبة الطاقة إلى الوزن) للمولد المقترح هي الحد الأقصى.

This paper describes the characteristic investigation of the Novel Dual-stator V-Shape Magnetic Pole Six-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (NDSVSMPSP-PMSG) for wind power application. The proposed generator has V-shaped embedded magnetic pole in the rotor and six-phase winding in both the stator. The proposed generator has high-power density and high efficiency. For emphasizing the significance of the proposed generator, the characteristics of the NDSVSMPSP generator are analyzed and compared to one of the traditional generators, i.e., the Dual-stator Surface Mounted Six-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (DSSMSP-PMSG). For the design and characteristic investigation of both the generator, Finite Element Method (FEM) is chosen because of its high accuracy. Two modes of FEM analysis are considered, namely magneto-statics and transients. The magneto static analysis is used for the study of flux line and flux density distribution, while the transient analysis is considered for the generator’s characteristic investigation. The performance characteristics such as generated Electromotive Force (EMF) for both inner and outer stator, Percentage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of developed voltage, Developed EMF vs rpm, terminal voltage vs. current, developed rotor torque vs time, percent (%) ripple content in torque, and percent efficiency vs current for both generators are investigated. As a result, it can be stated that the power density and reliability of the proposed generator is higher than that of the traditional generator.

This paper describes the characteristic investigation of the Novel Dual-stator V-Shape Magnetic Pole Six-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (NDSVSMPSP-PMSG) for wind power application. The proposed generator has V-shaped embedded magnetic pole in the rotor and six-phase winding in both the stator. The proposed generator has high-power density and high efficiency. For emphasizing the significance of the proposed generator, the characteristics of the NDSVSMPSP generator are analyzed and compared to one of the traditional generators, i.e., the Dual-stator Surface Mounted Six-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (DSSMSP-PMSG). For the design and characteristic investigation of both the generator, Finite Element Method (FEM) is chosen because of its high accuracy. Two modes of FEM analysis are considered, namely magneto-statics and transients. The magneto static analysis is used for the study of flux line and flux density distribution, while the transient analysis is considered for the generator’s characteristic investigation. The performance characteristics such as generated Electromotive Force (EMF) for both inner and outer stator, Percentage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of developed voltage, Developed EMF vs rpm, terminal voltage vs. current, developed rotor torque vs time, percent (%) ripple content in torque, and percent efficiency vs current for both generators are investigated. As a result, it can be stated that the power density and reliability of the proposed generator is higher than that of the traditional generator.