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Abstract This paper aims to assess the potential and requirements of photovoltaic arrays to provide energy for more than 30 mission types to explore 14 celestial bodies in our solar system. The environment that exists at the Earth’s orbits, on the Martian and Lunar dusty surfaces, at the hottest Venus and Mercury, or among the distant Gas Giants, differs radically from one celestial object to another. In consequence, solar-powered spacecraft present many challenges and not all existing photovoltaic technologies have yet been optimized for such a wide variety of conditions. We address these challenges by reviewing the specific constrains of these worlds: solar irradiance levels, mission lifetimes, extreme temperatures and thermal cycling, as well as several specific characteristics such as radiation, chemical compounds, gravity, pressure, and dust. The suitability of photovoltaic arrays during past missions is examined by evaluating their behavior during their lifetime. A focus is made to study the feasibility of concentrator photovoltaics, which demonstrated record performances, reaching a cell efficiency of 47.1%. These systems do not seem to be adapted to missions with environments: highly scattered, with temperatures higher than 523 K and solar irradiances exceeding 3000 W/m2. However, some viable missions such as geostationary Earth orbit, deep space or moon bases can be successfully powered by concentrators. Key issues are addressed to enable the choice of materials and cell technology adapted to these specific missions. This paper presents a comprehensive review that can help spacecraft designers to use photovoltaic arrays to provide energy for space applications.

International audience ; Having clear insights of the stress factors that the electric vehicle (EV) batteriesencounter during their service lifetime is crucial for more reliable ageing testing andmodelling. Since the first deployment of Li-ion battery based EV, numerous drivingcampaigns with field data were published. The goal of this article is to gather, assessand analyse them in order to quantify the stress factors depending on the EV type. Thetargeted stress factors are the temperature of the cells, the discharging and chargingrates, as well as the SOC ranges. 228 million km of driving and 7.8 million trips worthof data for over 37,000 EV were investigated. Along with this literature enquiry, datafrom an EV in which cells' temperature was monitored for driving, charging andparking conditions, complemented the analysis. For each stress factor, results werecollected, homogenised and compared with each other in order to draw conclusions.Finally, a Risk Probabilistic Number (RPN) was used to evaluate the stress factors withrespect to their impact on the ageing of Li-ion batteries, considering a central Europeanweather. The most critical stress factors for BEV cells are cycling at high mid-SOCregions and high SOC idle times. Concerning HEV cells, high power cycling at mid-SOC regions is the most critical stress, and no stresses were identified during idletimes. PHEV cells' most critical stress factors are large DOD cycling and highcharge/discharge power. Mild and low temperatures are found to be the most commonin such weathers. The RPN analysis serves as a guide for parametrizing and designingreliable accelerated ageing testing on Li-ion batteries depending on their application.