• Energy Research

For the modelling of electricity production and demand, meteorological conditions are becoming more relevant due to the increasing contribution from renewable electricity production. But the requirements on meteorological data sets for electricity modelling are quite high. One challenge is the high temporal resolution, since a typical time step for modelling electricity production and demand is one hour. On the other side the European electricity market is highly connected, so that a pure country based modelling does not make sense and at least the whole European Union area has to be considered. Additionally, the spatial resolution of the data set must be able to represent the thermal conditions, which requires high spatial resolution at least in mountainous regions. All these requirements lead to huge data amounts for historic observations and even more for climate change projections for the whole 21st century. Thus, we have developed an aggregated European wide data set that has a temporal resolution of one hour, covers the whole EU area, has a reasonable size but is considering the high spatial variability. This meteorological data set for Europe for the historical period and climate change projections fulfills all relevant criteria for energy modelling. It has a hourly temporal resolution, considers local effects up to a spatial resolution of 1 km and has a suitable size, as all variables are aggregated to NUTS regions. Additionally meteorological information from wind speed and river run-off is directly converted into power productions, using state of the art methods and the current information on the location of power plants. Within the research project SECURES (https://www.secures.at/) this data set has been widely used for energy modelling. The SECURES-Met dataset provides variables visible in the table. Variable Short name Unit Aggregation methods Temporal resolution Temperature (2m) T2M °C °C spatial mean population weighted mean (recommended) hourly Radiation GLO (mean global radiation) BNI (direct normal irradiation) Wm-2 Wm-2 spatial mean population weighted mean (recommended) hourly Potential Wind Power WP 1 normalized with potentially available area hourly Hydro Power Potential HYD-RES (reservoir) HYD-ROR (run-of-river) MW 1 summed power production summed power production normalized with average daily production daily SECURES-Met is available in a tabular csv format for the historical period (1981-2020, Hydro only until 2010) created from ERA5 and ERA5-Land and two future emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, both 1951-2100, wind power starting from 1981, hydro power from 1971) created from one CMIP5 EUROCORDEX model (GCM: ICHEC-EC-EARTH, RCM: KNMI-RACMO22E, ensemble run: r12i1p1) on the spatial aggregation level NUTS0 (country-wide), NUTS2 (province-wide), NUTS3 (Austria only), and EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zones, offshore only). The data is divided into the historical (Historical.zip) and the two emission scenarios (Future_RCP45.zip and Future_RCP85.zip), a README file, which describes, how the files are organized, and a folder (Meta.zip), which has information and shape files of the different NUTS levels. As population weighted temperature and radiation represent values in geographical areas more relevant for solar power, it is highly relevant to use population weighted files. Spatial mean should be used for reference only. The project SECURES, in which this dataset was produced, was funded by the Climate and Energy Fund (Klima- und Energiefonds) under project number KR19AC0K17532.

SECURES-Energy Weather-dependent renewable electricity systems are vulnerable to climate change impacts. Electricity generation and demand profiles considering weather and climate impacts are needed in energy system modelling. We present a consistent and high-quality energy database in data formats useful for energy system modelling and keeping the high spatiotemporal complexity of climate data. The open-access dataset SECURES-Energy contains all relevant electricity demand and supply components for the EU and several additional European countries in hourly resolution covering the period 1981-2100. It is based on reanalysis data ERA5(-Land) for the historical period and two EURO-CORDEX emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). On the generation side, impacts on onshore and offshore wind power generation, solar PV generation, and hydropower generation (run-of-river and reservoirs) – which is often missing in comparable datasets – are provided. On the demand side, all demand components relevant to future electricity systems including e-heating, e-cooling, e-mobility, and electricity demand in industry, are provided. The detailed methods are described in the final project report (see link below) in Chapter 2.2 and Chapter 4.3 and a related journal publication is currently in preparation. Further information: Project website SECURES: https://www.secures.at/ All project-related publications: https://www.secures.at/publications Final SECURES project report: https://www.secures.at/fileadmin/cmc/Final_Report_SECURES.pdf and https://www.klimafonds.gv.at/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/C061007-ACRP12-SECURES-KR19AC0K17532-EB.pdf The SECURES-Energy dataset provides variables visible in the table. Hourly profiles ERA5-Land 1981-2010 Hourly profiles RCP 4.5/RCP 8.5 2011-2100 Production profiles: Variable Short name Unit Temporal resolution Photovoltaics pv - hourly Wind onshore wind - hourly Wind offshore wind_offshore - hourly Hydro run-of-river hydro_ror - hourly Demand profiles: Variable Short name Unit Explanation Temperature temperature °C Population-weighted mean temperature (2 m) Rounded temperature rounded_temperature °C Temperature values rounded to zero decimal places Daytype day type - weekdays = typeday 0; Saturday or day before a holiday = typeday 1; Sunday or holiday = typeday 2 Month month - The column “month” refers to the month of the year. 1 = January, 2 = February etc. Season season - 0 = Summer (15/05 - 14/09) 1 = Winter (1/11 - 20/3) 2 = Transition (21/3 - 14/5 & 15/9 - 31/10) Load e-mobilty load_emobility - E-mobility electricity demand profile, normalized to an annual demand of 1,000,000 in the reference year 2010 (weather-dependent) Non-metallic minerals non_metallic_minerals - Electricity demand profile of the industrial sector non-metallic minerals, normalized to an annual demand of 200,000 (sum of all industry sectors 1,000,000) (non-weather-dependent) Paper paper - Electricity demand profile of the industrial sector paper, normalized to an annual demand of 200,000 (sum of all industry sectors 1,000,000) (non-weather-dependent) Iron and steel iron_and_steel - Electricity demand profile of the industrial sector iron and steel, normalized to an annual demand of 200,000 (sum of all industry sectors 1,000,000) (non-weather-dependent) Chemicals and petrochemicals chemicals_and_petrochemicals - Electricity demand profile of the industrial sector chemicals and petrochemicals, normalized to an annual demand of 200,000 (sum of all industry sectors 1,000,000) (non-weather-dependent) Food and tobacco food_and_tobacco - Electricity demand profile of the industrial sector food and tobacco, normalized to an annual demand of 200,000 (sum of all industry sectors 1,000,000) (non-weather-dependent) SHW residential shw_residential - Electricity demand profile for sanitary hot water in the residential sector, normalized to an annual demand of 1,000,000 (non-weather-dependent) SHW tertiary shw_tertiary Electricity demand profile for sanitary hot water in the tertiary sector, normalized to an annual demand of 1,000,000 (non-weather-dependent) Cooling residential cooling_residential - Electricity demand profile for cooling in the residential sector, normalized to an annual demand of 1,000,000 in the reference year 2010 (weather-dependent) Heating residential heating_residential - Electricity demand profile for heating in the residential sector, normalized to an annual demand of 1,000,000 in the reference year 2010 (weather-dependent) Cooling tertiary cooling_tertiary - Electricity demand profile for cooling in the tertiary sector, normalized to an annual demand of 1,000,000 in the reference year 2010 (weather-dependent) Heating tertiary heating_tertiary - Electricity demand profile for heating in the tertiary sector, normalized to an annual demand of 1,000,000 in the reference year 2010 (weather-dependent) Rest rest - Rest electricity demand profile, normalized to an annual demand of 1,000,000 (non-weather-dependent) Exogenous H2 exogenous_H2 - Electricity demand profile for electrolysis (flat profile), normalized to an annual demand of 1,000,000 (non-weather-dependent) Total total - Total electricity demand profile containing all components above (e-mobility, industry, residential heating, residential sanitary hot water, residential cooling, tertiary heating, tertiary sanitary hot water, tertiary cooling, rest, and exogenous H2 electricity demand), normalized to an annual demand of 10,000,000 in the reference year 2010 Electricity supply profiles for wind (onshore and offshore), hydro (run-of-river), and solar generation are provided for almost all European countries, namely: Andorra (AD), Albania (AL), Austria (AT), Bosnia and Herzegovina (BA), Belgium (BE), Bulgaria (BG), Switzerland (CH), Czech Republic (CZ), Germany (DE), Denmark (DK), Estonia (EE), Spain (ES), Finland (FI), France (FR), United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (GB), Greece (GR), Croatia (HR), Hungary (HU), Republic of Ireland (IE), Italy (IT), Liechtenstein (LI), Lithuania (LT), Luxembourg (LU), Latvia (LV), Montenegro (ME), North Macedonia (MK), Malta (MT), Netherlands (NL), Norway (NO), Poland (PL), Portugal (PT), Romania (RO), Serbia (RS), Sweden (SE), Slovenia (SI), Slovakia (SK), San Marino (SM), Ukraine (UA), Vatican (VA), and Kosovo (XK). The countries covered by the electricity demand profiles are the EU27 countries (except for Cyprus), CH, GB, and NO. Industrial, heating, and cooling demand profiles are based on regressions developed in the H2020 Hotmaps project [1] [2]. SECURES-Energy is available in a tabular csv format for the historical period (1981-2010) created from ERA5 and ERA5-Land and two future emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, both 2011-2100) created from one CMIP5 EURO-CORDEX model (GCM: ICHEC-EC-EARTH, RCM: KNMI-RACMO22E) on the spatial aggregation level NUTS0 (country-wide). The data is divided into the historical (Historical.zip) and the two emission scenarios (Future_RCP45.zip and Future_RCP85.zip), a README file, which describes, how the files are organized, and a folder (Meta.zip), which has information and shapefiles of the different NUTS levels. Hydro reservoir profiles are also published and can be found in the related dataset SECURES-Met: https://zenodo.org/records/7907883. The project SECURES and corresponding publications are funded by the Climate and Energy Fund (Klima- und Energiefonds) under project number KR19AC0K17532. [1] Fallahnejad M. Hotmaps-data-repository-structure 2019. https://wiki.hotmaps.eu/en/Hotmaps-open-data-repositories. [2] Pezzutto S, Zambotti S, Croce S, Zambelli P, Garegnani G, Scaramuzzino C, et al. HOTMAPS - D2.3 WP2 Report – Open Data Set for the EU28. 2019.