• Energy Research

Lo studio si propone di determinare processi di simulazione con strumenti IT di Parametric e Computational Design quale supporto nell’analisi ambientale degli spazi aperti e nell’analisi energetica degli edifici. Lo scopo è quello di definire strategie di regenerative climate adaptive design, quale risposta agli stimoli ambientali dovuti ai cambiamenti climatici con ripercussioni sullo spazio aperto costruito, in particolare all’aumento delle temperature in città. Tale approccio stabilisce un avanzamento metodologico rispetto ad esperienze analoghe nella definizione controllata, mediante strumenti IT, delle possibili scelte da operare all’interno di processi edilizi complessi, offrendo la possibilità di descrivere molteplici scenari d’intervento in base all’evoluzione e al raffinamento degli scenari climatici futuri. Parole chiave: computational design, environmental analysis, energy analysis BDC. Bollettino Del Centro Calza Bini, Vol 20 No 2 (2020): Public Spaces, Nature-based Infrastructures and Common Goods

The urban temperature raising related to climate change on-going phenomenons as a consequence of greenhouse gas concentration’s increasing, the performance flaws of Italian construction, particularly of the one built between ‘70s and ‘90s, the technological progress of technical solutions and research in the field of architecture-related digital technology, have stimulated the development of a methodology based on computational design and data exchange IT tools for buildings’ energy simulation and the definition of interventions of energy and technology retrofit aimed towards adaption and mitigation according to climatic scenarios. This contribution is focused on the experimentation of a simulative approach, based on the use of parametric software for outlining interventions of energy and technology retrofit for buildings, through a methodology replicable for urban and building regeneration actions for mitigation and climate adaption.

The growing awareness of the danger of extreme weather phenomena highlights the inadequacy of current cities and the increase in their level of vulnerability concerning the impacts resulting from climate change. The theme of design to combat climate impacts requires the development of knowledge and process models capable of managing the complexity of the information necessary to direct a climate-proof transformation of the urban systems. The research made it possible to develop a methodology based on the exchange of data between GIS-based ICT tools and for parametric design, to analyze the microclimatic and performance behavior of recurrent types of urban open spaces in Italian cities, characterized by different climatic conditions, through generic urban patterns, homogeneous in terms of building density and morphology. The goal achieved was to define the critical aspects of urban open spaces with the performance offered in response to the phenomenon of heatwaves, to verify and measure the performance effectiveness of climate-proof intervention categories, to transfer these results in the form of database, hazard maps, and potential levels of adaptation, and to define guidelines for the climate-oriented project. The transfer of the project data took place through a decision support webGIS platform (SDSS).

In a scenario in which the climate changes subject urban centres and large cities to high levels of environmental vulnerability and criticality underway, it is evident the need to define operational and straightforward decision-making tools capable of prefiguring and verifying the effectiveness of urban transformation climate-adaptive regeneration processes. The Climate Adaptive Design Index for the Built Environment (CADI-BE) tool has been developed to assess the adaptive capacity and level of performance of open urban spaces to the stresses due to the increase in global average temperatures. The repercussions of these phenomena cause the occurrence of heatwaves and the urban heat island effect (UHI), bringing out the inability of cities to cope with changes in the climate, making urban open spaces unlivable and no longer the ideal habitat for everyday life and social interactions.

Gli effetti che i cambiamenti climatici stanno producendo sull’ambiente, con effetti significati su quello antropizzato di tipo urbano, sono alla base delle strategie di mitigazione ed adattamento che l’UE si è prefissata tra gli obiettivi primari per l’ambiente ed il paesaggio attraverso il programma Horizon2020. Software e tool dedicati alla progettazione ambientale che simulino le condizioni climatiche ed ambientali, sia odierne che future, possono diventare un strumento utile alla validazione di alternative progettuali come sui materiali, la posizione e la quantità di vegetazione e le caratteristiche distributivo-morfologiche per un progetto, che in un processo iterativo, consenta di progettare spazi aperti resilienti e dalle elevate condizioni di comfort per l’utenza.

AbstractMethodology to design climate adaptive urban spaces through a parametric and data design approach.

The spread of digital technologies, aiming at improving the effectiveness of the technological and environmental project proposals, has transformed the modus operandi for architects and designers who approach environmental impact assessment, especially about public space designs. Research activities aim at collecting guidelines for the sustainable regeneration of public spaces, focusing on the effectiveness of the performance of individual actions proposed by gradually checking and fixing the convenient benchmark design required by norms and sometimes by technology and building best-practices widely consolidated, even on a scientific basis. Early design optimization process relies on the combined use of appropriate IT tools for environmental control and on the interoperability of these systems with the traditional modeling tools for outdoor and indoor spaces. According to data-design-oriented logic, the core of the research methodology is applied to three case studies concerning public “complex” open spaces within the Neapolitan urban context (Italy).