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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022 Germany, HungaryPublisher:MDPI AG Authors: Anna Fehérkuti; Gábor I. Veres; Ralf Ulrich; Tanguy Pierog;(1) Pions produced in the development of extended atmospheric cosmic ray air showers subsequently decay to muons. The measured yield of those muons is generally underestimated by current phenomenological models and event generators optimized for cosmic ray physics. The importance of those disagreements motivates the feasibility studies for testing these models at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies, at the highest center-of-mass energies achievable in a laboratory. The interaction of a nucleus and a virtual pion created in a charge exchange reaction at the LHC is a similar process to those contributing to the development of air showers in case of cosmic rays. The crucial problem of such an analysis is the selection of charge exchange events with the highest possible efficiency and high purity from proton–proton collisions at the LHC. (2) For this we consider distributions of various measurable quantities given by event generators commonly used in cosmic ray physics. (3) We examine the expected distributions of energy deposited in different calorimeters of an LHC experiment. We consider the geometrical acceptance and energy resolution of the detectors at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, as an example. We determine a working point cut from the various options for event selection, and compare signal and background predictions using different models for a representative simple observable, such as average transverse momentum or charge particle yield. (4) A set of event selection cuts along these considerations is proposed, with the aim of achieving optimal efficiency and purity.
Entropy arrow_drop_down EntropyOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/9/1188/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteKITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2022License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)ELTE Digital Institutional Repository (EDIT)Article . 2022Data sources: ELTE Digital Institutional Repository (EDIT)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/e24091188&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Entropy arrow_drop_down EntropyOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/9/1188/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteKITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2022License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)ELTE Digital Institutional Repository (EDIT)Article . 2022Data sources: ELTE Digital Institutional Repository (EDIT)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/e24091188&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2013Publisher:OpenAlex W.D. Apel; J. C. Arteaga‐Velázquez; K. Bekk; M. Bertaina; J. Blümer; H. Bozdog; I. M. Brancus; E. Cantoni; F. Cossavella; K. Daumiller; Vítor de Souza; F. Di Pierro; P. Döll; R. Engel; J. Engler; M. Finger; B. Fuchs; D. Fuhrmann; F. Garino; H.J. Gils; R. Glasstetter; C. Grupen; A. Haungs; D. Heck; J. R. Hörandel; Daniel Huber; T. Huege; K. H. Kampert; D. Kang; H. O. Klages; K. Link; P. Łuczak; M. Ludwig; Hermann-Josef Mathes; H.J. Mayer; M. Melissas; J. Milke; B. Mitrica; C. Morello; J. Oehlschläger; S. Ostapchenko; N. Palmieri; M. Petcu; T. Pierog; H. Rebel; M. Roth; H. Schieler; S. Schoo; Frank G. Schröder; O. Sima; G. Toma; G. Trinchero; H. Ulrich; A. Weindl; J. Wochele; M. Wommer; J. Zabierowski;KASCADE-Grande es un extenso experimento de ducha de aire dedicado al estudio de los rayos cósmicos en el rango de energía de 1016 ÷ 1018 eV. La matriz está compuesta por diferentes detectores que permiten mediciones independientes del número de muones (Nμ) y partículas cargadas (Nch) de duchas de aire extensas (EAS). Estos dos observables se utilizan para estudiar el espectro de energía primaria, separando los eventos en dos muestras, en función de la relación del tamaño de la ducha, corregida por la atenuación en la atmósfera, lnNμ/ lnNch. Las dos muestras representan los grupos de masa ligera y pesada de las primarias. En el rango de energía estudiado, solo el espectro de primarias pesadas muestra un cambio significativo de pendiente, la energía (estimada utilizando el modelo de interacción hadrónica QGSJET II) de esta característica está de acuerdo con las expectativas de una característica de rodilla dependiente de la rigidez. KASCADE-Grande est une vaste expérience de douche à air consacrée à l'étude des rayons cosmiques dans la gamme d'énergie 1016 ÷ 1018 eV. Le réseau est composé de différents détecteurs permettant des mesures indépendantes du nombre de muons (Nμ) et de particules chargées (Nch) des douches d'air extensives (EAS). Ces deux observables sont ensuite utilisées pour étudier le spectre d'énergie primaire, en séparant les événements en deux échantillons, sur la base du ratio de taille de la douche, corrigé de l'atténuation dans l'atmosphère, lnNμ/ lnNch. Les deux échantillons représentent les groupes de masse légère et lourde des primaires. Dans la gamme d'énergie étudiée, seul le spectre des primaires lourdes montre un changement significatif de pente, l'énergie (estimée à l'aide du modèle d'interaction hadronique QGSJET II) de cette caractéristique est en accord avec les attentes d'une caractéristique du genou dépendante de la rigidité. KASCADE-Grande is an extensive air shower experiment devoted to the study of cosmic rays in the 1016 ÷ 1018 eV energy range. The array is composed by different detectors allowing independent measurements of the number of muons (Nμ) and charged particles (Nch) of extensive air showers (EAS). These two observables are then used to study the primary energy spectrum, separating the events in two samples, on the basis of the shower size ratio, corrected for attenuation in the atmosphere, lnNμ/ lnNch. The two samples represent the light and heavy mass groups of the primaries. In the studied energy range only the spectrum of heavy primaries shows a significant change of slope, the energy (estimated using the QGSJET II hadronic interaction model) of this feature is in agreeement with the expectations of a rigidity dependent knee feature. KASCADE - Grande هي تجربة دش هوائي مكثفة مكرسة لدراسة الأشعة الكونية في نطاق طاقة 1016 ÷ 1018 فولت. تتكون المصفوفة من كاشفات مختلفة تسمح بقياسات مستقلة لعدد الميونات (Nμ) والجسيمات المشحونة (Nch) لدش الهواء المكثف (EAS). ثم يتم استخدام هذين المرصودين لدراسة طيف الطاقة الأولية، وفصل الأحداث في عينتين، على أساس نسبة حجم الدش، وتصحيحها للتوهين في الغلاف الجوي، lnNμ/ lnNch. تمثل العينتان مجموعات الكتلة الخفيفة والثقيلة للانتخابات التمهيدية. في نطاق الطاقة المدروس، يُظهر طيف الانتخابات التمهيدية الثقيلة فقط تغييرًا كبيرًا في المنحدر، وتتوافق الطاقة (المقدرة باستخدام نموذج تفاعل QGSJET II hadronic) لهذه الميزة مع توقعات ميزة الركبة المعتمدة على الصلابة.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.60692/fhwye-bnp86&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.60692/fhwye-bnp86&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022 Germany, HungaryPublisher:MDPI AG Authors: Anna Fehérkuti; Gábor I. Veres; Ralf Ulrich; Tanguy Pierog;(1) Pions produced in the development of extended atmospheric cosmic ray air showers subsequently decay to muons. The measured yield of those muons is generally underestimated by current phenomenological models and event generators optimized for cosmic ray physics. The importance of those disagreements motivates the feasibility studies for testing these models at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies, at the highest center-of-mass energies achievable in a laboratory. The interaction of a nucleus and a virtual pion created in a charge exchange reaction at the LHC is a similar process to those contributing to the development of air showers in case of cosmic rays. The crucial problem of such an analysis is the selection of charge exchange events with the highest possible efficiency and high purity from proton–proton collisions at the LHC. (2) For this we consider distributions of various measurable quantities given by event generators commonly used in cosmic ray physics. (3) We examine the expected distributions of energy deposited in different calorimeters of an LHC experiment. We consider the geometrical acceptance and energy resolution of the detectors at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, as an example. We determine a working point cut from the various options for event selection, and compare signal and background predictions using different models for a representative simple observable, such as average transverse momentum or charge particle yield. (4) A set of event selection cuts along these considerations is proposed, with the aim of achieving optimal efficiency and purity.
Entropy arrow_drop_down EntropyOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/9/1188/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteKITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2022License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)ELTE Digital Institutional Repository (EDIT)Article . 2022Data sources: ELTE Digital Institutional Repository (EDIT)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/e24091188&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Entropy arrow_drop_down EntropyOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/9/1188/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteKITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2022License: CC BYData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)ELTE Digital Institutional Repository (EDIT)Article . 2022Data sources: ELTE Digital Institutional Repository (EDIT)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/e24091188&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2013Publisher:OpenAlex W.D. Apel; J. C. Arteaga‐Velázquez; K. Bekk; M. Bertaina; J. Blümer; H. Bozdog; I. M. Brancus; E. Cantoni; F. Cossavella; K. Daumiller; Vítor de Souza; F. Di Pierro; P. Döll; R. Engel; J. Engler; M. Finger; B. Fuchs; D. Fuhrmann; F. Garino; H.J. Gils; R. Glasstetter; C. Grupen; A. Haungs; D. Heck; J. R. Hörandel; Daniel Huber; T. Huege; K. H. Kampert; D. Kang; H. O. Klages; K. Link; P. Łuczak; M. Ludwig; Hermann-Josef Mathes; H.J. Mayer; M. Melissas; J. Milke; B. Mitrica; C. Morello; J. Oehlschläger; S. Ostapchenko; N. Palmieri; M. Petcu; T. Pierog; H. Rebel; M. Roth; H. Schieler; S. Schoo; Frank G. Schröder; O. Sima; G. Toma; G. Trinchero; H. Ulrich; A. Weindl; J. Wochele; M. Wommer; J. Zabierowski;KASCADE-Grande es un extenso experimento de ducha de aire dedicado al estudio de los rayos cósmicos en el rango de energía de 1016 ÷ 1018 eV. La matriz está compuesta por diferentes detectores que permiten mediciones independientes del número de muones (Nμ) y partículas cargadas (Nch) de duchas de aire extensas (EAS). Estos dos observables se utilizan para estudiar el espectro de energía primaria, separando los eventos en dos muestras, en función de la relación del tamaño de la ducha, corregida por la atenuación en la atmósfera, lnNμ/ lnNch. Las dos muestras representan los grupos de masa ligera y pesada de las primarias. En el rango de energía estudiado, solo el espectro de primarias pesadas muestra un cambio significativo de pendiente, la energía (estimada utilizando el modelo de interacción hadrónica QGSJET II) de esta característica está de acuerdo con las expectativas de una característica de rodilla dependiente de la rigidez. KASCADE-Grande est une vaste expérience de douche à air consacrée à l'étude des rayons cosmiques dans la gamme d'énergie 1016 ÷ 1018 eV. Le réseau est composé de différents détecteurs permettant des mesures indépendantes du nombre de muons (Nμ) et de particules chargées (Nch) des douches d'air extensives (EAS). Ces deux observables sont ensuite utilisées pour étudier le spectre d'énergie primaire, en séparant les événements en deux échantillons, sur la base du ratio de taille de la douche, corrigé de l'atténuation dans l'atmosphère, lnNμ/ lnNch. Les deux échantillons représentent les groupes de masse légère et lourde des primaires. Dans la gamme d'énergie étudiée, seul le spectre des primaires lourdes montre un changement significatif de pente, l'énergie (estimée à l'aide du modèle d'interaction hadronique QGSJET II) de cette caractéristique est en accord avec les attentes d'une caractéristique du genou dépendante de la rigidité. KASCADE-Grande is an extensive air shower experiment devoted to the study of cosmic rays in the 1016 ÷ 1018 eV energy range. The array is composed by different detectors allowing independent measurements of the number of muons (Nμ) and charged particles (Nch) of extensive air showers (EAS). These two observables are then used to study the primary energy spectrum, separating the events in two samples, on the basis of the shower size ratio, corrected for attenuation in the atmosphere, lnNμ/ lnNch. The two samples represent the light and heavy mass groups of the primaries. In the studied energy range only the spectrum of heavy primaries shows a significant change of slope, the energy (estimated using the QGSJET II hadronic interaction model) of this feature is in agreeement with the expectations of a rigidity dependent knee feature. KASCADE - Grande هي تجربة دش هوائي مكثفة مكرسة لدراسة الأشعة الكونية في نطاق طاقة 1016 ÷ 1018 فولت. تتكون المصفوفة من كاشفات مختلفة تسمح بقياسات مستقلة لعدد الميونات (Nμ) والجسيمات المشحونة (Nch) لدش الهواء المكثف (EAS). ثم يتم استخدام هذين المرصودين لدراسة طيف الطاقة الأولية، وفصل الأحداث في عينتين، على أساس نسبة حجم الدش، وتصحيحها للتوهين في الغلاف الجوي، lnNμ/ lnNch. تمثل العينتان مجموعات الكتلة الخفيفة والثقيلة للانتخابات التمهيدية. في نطاق الطاقة المدروس، يُظهر طيف الانتخابات التمهيدية الثقيلة فقط تغييرًا كبيرًا في المنحدر، وتتوافق الطاقة (المقدرة باستخدام نموذج تفاعل QGSJET II hadronic) لهذه الميزة مع توقعات ميزة الركبة المعتمدة على الصلابة.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.60692/fhwye-bnp86&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.60692/fhwye-bnp86&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu