• Energy Research

Abstract This work examines the feasibility of fuelling methyl ester derived from green algae, Chlorella emersonii in a compression ignition engine. This work also proposes Chlorella emersonii methyl ester (CEME) as a potential alternative energy source since the above species is available extensively in fresh water, marine and aquatic ecosystems throughout the world. CEME was blended with petroleum diesel fuel at various volume proportions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 100% and their properties were analyzed as per ASTM standards for its application as biofuel. The prepared test fuels were analyzed experimentally in a single cylinder diesel engine at constant speed (1500 rev/min) for its performance, combustion and emission (regulated and unregulated) characteristics. Test results projected that, the characteristics of 20% CEME+80%diesel fuel blend was in par with diesel fuel in terms of thermal efficiency, THC, CO and smoke emissions. However, CEME blends resulted in slightly higher levels of CO2 and NOx emissions. In terms of unregulated emissions, CEME blends in diesel showed lowered toluene and acetaldehyde emissions. However, acetone and formaldehyde emissions increased with higher percentage of CEME in diesel blend. At full load, the attained cylinder pressure and heat release rate of CEME were comparatively lower than diesel fuel.

Abstract Nanometer-sized particles almost one billionth of the meter molecules are most innovational engineered colloidal suspensions, used to enhancing the different thermo-physical properties of Nanofluids. In this study, therminol 55 is considerably used for mixing with different concentrations ranging from 0.05% to 0.3% weight/volume of Nanoparticles. The best Amalgamation which is contemplated to combine with therminol 55 is ZnO Nanoparticles. This perspective of study details thermal Conductivity, viscosity and density of Nanofluids with the application of kd2 apparatus. The hexagonal wurtzite structure is studied using XRD technique for detailing the interplanar spacing of Nanoparticles.

The study aims to convert rice bran oil into biodiesel by transesterification and to test the biodiesel–diesel blends in a direct injection compression ignition engine. Methanol (alcohol) and NaOH ...

In the present experimental study, the influence of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles on emissions and performance of a 4.4 kW diesel engine powered by palm oil biodiesel have been analyzed. Palm oil biodiesel of 20% by volume was blended with diesel fuel and the resulting blend is termed as B20. The B20 test fuel blends were doped with CuO nanoparticles with concentrations of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 75 ppm. Experiments were carried out at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% engine loads at a constant speed (1,500 rpm). Performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), emission parameters such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke opacity were analysed. It was observed that when CuO nanoparticles were used as additives for the B20 blend, BTE increased significantly by about 1.18%-7.69% and BSEC decreased considerably by about 4.12% - 6.76%. In addition, when CuO nanoparticles were added, there were also substantial reductions in CO (2.21% - 8.86%). Furthermore, there was a noticeable increase in HC (0.3% - 9.78%), CO2 (2.38% - 5.97%), and NOx emission levels (1.75% - 5.27%) when compared to the B20 blend. However, in comparison to diesel fuel, all the emission levels were lower for all biodiesel blends except for NOx emissions. Overall, it was concluded that CuO nanoparticles could be considered as an appropriate petroleum additive for palm oil biodiesel blends.

Abstract The current research work emphases on analysing the characteristics of combustion, performance, and emissions of Polanga Biodiesel (PBD) fuelled single-cylinder diesel engine with Al2O3 nano-additives added at a concentration of 25 ppm and 50 ppm. The results were compared with the baseline diesel fuel at varying engine loads (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) in agriculture-based single-cylinder diesel engine of 17.5 Compression ratio at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. Al2O3 nano-additives were blended with PBD using magnetic stirrer and ultrasonicator. Experimentation results revealed that the addition of the nanoparticles in PBD improved the combustion and emission characteristics of base fuel due to higher surface area to volume ratio of nano-additives. Moreover, Al2O3 nanoparticles addition enhanced the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and lowered the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 6.58% and 7.38% respectively. Subsequently, the emissions of HC, CO, NOx and smoke opacity were improved with the addition of fuel borne additives in PBD owing to improved combustion efficiency. PBD + 25 ppm Al2O3 resulted in lowest ignition delay (ID) while PBD + 50 ppm Al2O3 resulted in the highest mass fraction burnt (MFB). In the case of particle size diameter (PSD) analysis, lowest size particulates were recorded for PBD + 25 ppm Al2O3 throughout the engine load conditions. Overall, PBD + 50 ppm Al2O3 nano additives are best compared to improved combustion and minimized emissions.

The heat transfer move execution of the regular liquid can be advanced by the nanofluid, a creative warmth move liquid as it fulfils our mission with its unrivaled potential. This article reports t...

Abstract Heterogeneous fusion of Nanoparticle in a liquor medium is called Nanofluid. This article talk about thermal conductivity and viscosity for achieving the extreme heat transfer using Al2O3 therminol 55 nanofluid. The volumetric concentration of base fluid by adding nanoparticle which are having high surface area Al2O3 therminol 55 nanofluid combination by circulating of Al2O3, 200 nm diameter in therminol 55 at identical concentration (0.05–0.3) get a similar phase of Nanofluid by sonification bath. Thermal conductivity is calculated at temperature range of 30–50 °C using KD2 equipment and viscosity calculated at different temperature 30–50 °C by viscometer bath.

It was aimed to develop a small-scale anaerobic digestion system which would work in tropical as well as temperate conditions by adopting various techniques. In situ temperature of the biogas syste...