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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiaohui She; Nevzat Akkurt; orcid Chen Wang;
    Chen Wang
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Chen Wang in OpenAIRE
    Yimo Luo; +2 Authors

    Abstract Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is increasingly popular for decarbonizing the power network. At off-peak time, ambient air after purification is liquefied and stored; at peak time, the liquid air is discharged to generate power. One of the key challenges for the LAES system is the lower economic benefit as peak electricity is usually the only source of income, leading to a longer payback period of ~15 years. To address this issue, this paper, for the first time, proposes a multifunctional LAES system, which not only generates peak electricity but also provides pure oxygen and heating. The proposed system is composed of an air separation unit (ASU), a nitrogen liquefaction unit (NLU) and a power generation unit (PGU). Thermodynamic and economic analyses are carried out on the proposed system. Compared with the baseline LAES system (NLU + PGU), the multifunctional LAES system has a lower round trip efficiency of ~0.39 due to the extra electricity consumption by the ASU. However, it shows a much better economic performance with additional benefits from pure oxygen and heating. In a project life-span of 30 years, the multifunctional LAES system (10 MW/80 MWh) has a short payback period of ~5.7 years. Furthermore, it has a savings-to-investment ratio of 3.12, which is ~153% higher than that of the baseline LAES system. Investigation on the system operation strategy suggests that the ASU should operate at full time. The proposed system provides a feasible way to improve the economic benefits of the LAES system, thus promoting its wide applications.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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    65
    citations65
    popularityTop 1%
    influenceTop 10%
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiaohui She; Nevzat Akkurt; orcid Chen Wang;
    Chen Wang
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Chen Wang in OpenAIRE
    Yimo Luo; +2 Authors

    Abstract Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is increasingly popular for decarbonizing the power network. At off-peak time, ambient air after purification is liquefied and stored; at peak time, the liquid air is discharged to generate power. One of the key challenges for the LAES system is the lower economic benefit as peak electricity is usually the only source of income, leading to a longer payback period of ~15 years. To address this issue, this paper, for the first time, proposes a multifunctional LAES system, which not only generates peak electricity but also provides pure oxygen and heating. The proposed system is composed of an air separation unit (ASU), a nitrogen liquefaction unit (NLU) and a power generation unit (PGU). Thermodynamic and economic analyses are carried out on the proposed system. Compared with the baseline LAES system (NLU + PGU), the multifunctional LAES system has a lower round trip efficiency of ~0.39 due to the extra electricity consumption by the ASU. However, it shows a much better economic performance with additional benefits from pure oxygen and heating. In a project life-span of 30 years, the multifunctional LAES system (10 MW/80 MWh) has a short payback period of ~5.7 years. Furthermore, it has a savings-to-investment ratio of 3.12, which is ~153% higher than that of the baseline LAES system. Investigation on the system operation strategy suggests that the ASU should operate at full time. The proposed system provides a feasible way to improve the economic benefits of the LAES system, thus promoting its wide applications.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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    65
    citations65
    popularityTop 1%
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Yimo Luo; Zhanping You; Hao Peng; Xiaohui She; +5 Authors

    Abstract Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is increasingly popular for peak-load shifting of power grids, which includes air liquefaction at off-peak hours and power generation at peak hours. The standalone LAES system does not rely on external cold and heat sources, and hence is more favorable for applications. In the standalone LAES system, heat storage in the air liquefaction process and cold storage in the power generation process play a key role on the system performance. The previous studies often chose propane/methanol as cold storage materials, and thermal oils as heat storage materials, which show a relatively higher system performance. However, propane, methanol and thermal oils are flammable, have a high capital cost and require strict safety measures, which are unfavorable for some industrial applications. To address this issue, we propose a novel standalone LAES system with pebbles/rocks as both cold and heat storage materials in packed beds. Such stores have a low capital cost and a high chemical stability and have not been studied in detail before. The dynamic effect of packed beds on the proposed LAES system is investigated from start-up to stable operation for the first time. Our simulation results show that it takes ~10 days for the system to reach a stable operation from start-up mainly due to the cold accumulation in the packed bed, and the average liquid air yield increases from 0.23 at the start-up to 0.56 in the stable operation. Besides, the proposed LAES system gives a round trip efficiency of ~42.8% and a combined heat and power efficiency of ~82.1%. These findings provide valuable information for industrial applications of the LAES technology.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim
    58
    citations58
    popularityTop 1%
    influenceTop 10%
    impulseTop 1%
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Conversion and Management
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Yimo Luo; Zhanping You; Hao Peng; Xiaohui She; +5 Authors

    Abstract Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is increasingly popular for peak-load shifting of power grids, which includes air liquefaction at off-peak hours and power generation at peak hours. The standalone LAES system does not rely on external cold and heat sources, and hence is more favorable for applications. In the standalone LAES system, heat storage in the air liquefaction process and cold storage in the power generation process play a key role on the system performance. The previous studies often chose propane/methanol as cold storage materials, and thermal oils as heat storage materials, which show a relatively higher system performance. However, propane, methanol and thermal oils are flammable, have a high capital cost and require strict safety measures, which are unfavorable for some industrial applications. To address this issue, we propose a novel standalone LAES system with pebbles/rocks as both cold and heat storage materials in packed beds. Such stores have a low capital cost and a high chemical stability and have not been studied in detail before. The dynamic effect of packed beds on the proposed LAES system is investigated from start-up to stable operation for the first time. Our simulation results show that it takes ~10 days for the system to reach a stable operation from start-up mainly due to the cold accumulation in the packed bed, and the average liquid air yield increases from 0.23 at the start-up to 0.56 in the stable operation. Besides, the proposed LAES system gives a round trip efficiency of ~42.8% and a combined heat and power efficiency of ~82.1%. These findings provide valuable information for industrial applications of the LAES technology.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim
    58
    citations58
    popularityTop 1%
    influenceTop 10%
    impulseTop 1%
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Conversion and Management
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Shifang Huang;
    Shifang Huang
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Shifang Huang in OpenAIRE
    Xiaosong Zhang; Xiaosong Zhang; orcid Xiaohui She;
    Xiaohui She
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Xiaohui She in OpenAIRE
    +3 Authors

    Abstract Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is regarded as one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies due to its unique advantages of high energy storage density, no geographical constraints and long life-span. The LAES mainly includes air liquefaction (charging cycle) at off-peak time and power generation (discharging cycle) at peak time. During air liquefaction, ambient air is first required to remove its compositions with high freezing points (H2O and CO2) before it is cooled down (denoted as air purification process), preventing pipeline blockage and guaranteeing safe operation. However, most of previous studies simply neglected the air purification process and assumed ambient air was already purified. This may cause overestimation of the LAES performance as the air purification process usually consumes thermal energy or electricity. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel LAES system with energy-efficient air purification. Dynamic characteristics of the air purification process are investigated from molecular to systematic modeling for the first time. Simulation results show that the air purification process could be driven by exhaust air from the air turbine at peak time rather than thermal energy or electricity in the traditional methods. This could improve the electrical round trip efficiency by 2.3% compared with the traditional methods. In addition, the proposed LAES system shows a combined heat and power efficiency of 82.5-86.7%, an electrical round trip efficiency of 47.9-59.6% and an exergy efficiency of 58.4-68%. These findings will be helpful to understand the function of air purification in the LAES system, providing guidelines for practical applications.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim
    25
    citations25
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceTop 10%
    impulseTop 10%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Shifang Huang;
    Shifang Huang
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Shifang Huang in OpenAIRE
    Xiaosong Zhang; Xiaosong Zhang; orcid Xiaohui She;
    Xiaohui She
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Xiaohui She in OpenAIRE
    +3 Authors

    Abstract Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is regarded as one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies due to its unique advantages of high energy storage density, no geographical constraints and long life-span. The LAES mainly includes air liquefaction (charging cycle) at off-peak time and power generation (discharging cycle) at peak time. During air liquefaction, ambient air is first required to remove its compositions with high freezing points (H2O and CO2) before it is cooled down (denoted as air purification process), preventing pipeline blockage and guaranteeing safe operation. However, most of previous studies simply neglected the air purification process and assumed ambient air was already purified. This may cause overestimation of the LAES performance as the air purification process usually consumes thermal energy or electricity. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel LAES system with energy-efficient air purification. Dynamic characteristics of the air purification process are investigated from molecular to systematic modeling for the first time. Simulation results show that the air purification process could be driven by exhaust air from the air turbine at peak time rather than thermal energy or electricity in the traditional methods. This could improve the electrical round trip efficiency by 2.3% compared with the traditional methods. In addition, the proposed LAES system shows a combined heat and power efficiency of 82.5-86.7%, an electrical round trip efficiency of 47.9-59.6% and an exergy efficiency of 58.4-68%. These findings will be helpful to understand the function of air purification in the LAES system, providing guidelines for practical applications.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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    25
    citations25
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceTop 10%
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiaohui She; Huiru Wang; orcid Tongtong Zhang;
    Tongtong Zhang
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Tongtong Zhang in OpenAIRE
    orcid Yongliang Li;
    Yongliang Li
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Yongliang Li in OpenAIRE
    +3 Authors
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
    Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    10
    citations10
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
      Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiaohui She; Huiru Wang; orcid Tongtong Zhang;
    Tongtong Zhang
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Tongtong Zhang in OpenAIRE
    orcid Yongliang Li;
    Yongliang Li
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Yongliang Li in OpenAIRE
    +3 Authors
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
    Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    10
    citations10
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
      Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Chen Wang;
    Chen Wang
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Chen Wang in OpenAIRE
    Zhanping You; Yulong Ding; Xiaosong Zhang; +1 Authors
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    22
    citations22
    popularityTop 10%
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    Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies for the decarburization of networks. When electricity is needed, the liquid air is utilized to generate electricity through expansion, while the cold energy from liquid air evaporation is stored and recovered in the air liquefaction process. The packed bed filled with rocks/pebbles for cold storage is more suitable for real-world application in the near future compared to the fluids for cold storage. A standalone LAES system with packed bed energy storage is proposed in our previous work. However, the utilization of pressurized air for heat transfer fluid in the cold storage packed bed (CSPB) is confusing, and the effect of the CSPB on the system level should be further discussed. To address these issues, the dynamic performance of the CSPB is analyzed with the physical properties of the selected cold storage materials characterized. The system simulation is conducted in an experiment scale with and without considering the exergy loss of the CSPB for comparison. The simulation results show that the proposed LAES system has an ideal round trip efficiency (RTE) of 39.38–52.91%. With the consideration of exergy destruction of the CSPB, the RTE decreases by 19.91%. Furthermore, increasing the cold storage pressure reasonably is beneficial to the exergy efficiency of the CSPB, whether it is non-supercritical (0.1 MPa–3 MPa) or supercritical (4 MPa–9 MPa) air. These findings will give guidance and prediction to the experiments of the LAES and finally promote the development of the industrial application.

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    Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies for the decarburization of networks. When electricity is needed, the liquid air is utilized to generate electricity through expansion, while the cold energy from liquid air evaporation is stored and recovered in the air liquefaction process. The packed bed filled with rocks/pebbles for cold storage is more suitable for real-world application in the near future compared to the fluids for cold storage. A standalone LAES system with packed bed energy storage is proposed in our previous work. However, the utilization of pressurized air for heat transfer fluid in the cold storage packed bed (CSPB) is confusing, and the effect of the CSPB on the system level should be further discussed. To address these issues, the dynamic performance of the CSPB is analyzed with the physical properties of the selected cold storage materials characterized. The system simulation is conducted in an experiment scale with and without considering the exergy loss of the CSPB for comparison. The simulation results show that the proposed LAES system has an ideal round trip efficiency (RTE) of 39.38–52.91%. With the consideration of exergy destruction of the CSPB, the RTE decreases by 19.91%. Furthermore, increasing the cold storage pressure reasonably is beneficial to the exergy efficiency of the CSPB, whether it is non-supercritical (0.1 MPa–3 MPa) or supercritical (4 MPa–9 MPa) air. These findings will give guidance and prediction to the experiments of the LAES and finally promote the development of the industrial application.

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      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4...
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      Data sources: Crossref
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