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This file contains the data and the STATA estimation code to replicate the results in the article entitled: "Information Communication Technology development and energy demand in African countries".

#Observa opinion polls: #---------------------- # #From 1967 and onwards Observa has carried out a number of opinion polls, i.e. surveys of attitudes and habits of life, partly through so-called political index polls (postal panel surveys) and partly through more extensive attitudinal surveys based on interviews. The political index polls have been carried out regularly in the period (approx. 10 times a year), whereas the attitudinal surveys have been carried out quarterly in the period 1969 to 1972. The current data collection of similar data material over a long period of time makes it possible to carry out various kinds of time series analyses, especially as regards party preference. #Other subjects are usually treated more superficially owing to the conditions under which the surveys are carried out (they are designed for publication in daily papers so the main emphasis has been put on topical issues, and only subjects which may be dealt with by means of a limited number of questions are included). #Until 1971 the political index polls were carried out for the daily paper Aktuelt; from 1972 for the daily paper Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten. The attitudinal surveys have been carried out exclusively for Jyllands-Posten. # #Observa Political Index Polls, 1978: #------------------------------------ #In 1978 Observa carried out 10 political index polls. All the questions from these surveys are found in DDA-0981: Observa Political Index Polls, 1978. In addition, the individual political index polls, which contain questions on topical issues, are found in DDA-0982 to DDA-0991. # #The individual political index polls deal with the following topical issues: # #Observa Political Index Polls 1978: February (DDA-0982): #Participation in and vote at the local election on 7 March, 1978; the postponement of the proposed clearing of Christiania; priority ordering of great investments: a bridge over the Great Belt, the introduction of North Sea gas, the introduction of nuclear power, an extension of the motorway system, electric trains for DSB (the Danish State Railways); subscription to 'Falck' (a private salvage corps); the transfer of 'De Danske Redningskorps' (The Danish Salvage Corps) to public control; income regulation of old-age pension; morning prayers in primary school; school children in household; and magazines and weeklies. # #Observa Political Index Polls 1978: March (DDA-0983): #The trial against Mogens Glistrup, political persecution and the sentence at the city court; who is to decide whether an MP is worthy of being a member of Parliament; assessment of the members of the Government; assessment of the proposals of the Child Commission (Børnekommissionen), of the Equality Commission (Ligestillingskommissionen) and of the Central Education Council (Det Centrale Uddannelsesråd); smoking habits; the 'smokeless day'; and magazines and weeklies. # #Observa Political Index Polls 1978: April (DDA-0984): #For or against Danish membership of the EC at a hypothetical referendum today; forms of address (the deferential 'De' versus the familiar 'du'); political information on Radio Denmark; personal well-being (e.g. rested, stressed); alcohol consumption; the quality of beef and pork and the consumption of pork as compared with last year; growing of vegetables and fruit; and magazines and weeklies. # #Observa Political Index Polls 1978: May (DDA-0985): #Summer holidays; acts of violence, if any, against the respondent or the respondent's family and acquaintances; the Government's proposed measures to combat unemployment; whether the respondent is unemployed or is afraid of becoming unemployed; for or against nuclear power stations in Denmark at a hypothetical referendum today; for or against a lowering of the electoral age to 18 at a hypothetical referendum today; assessment of the members of the Government; the size of the police force; and magazines and weeklies. # #Observa Political Index Polls 1978: June (DDA-0986): #Assessment of the Government's performance; assessment of the performance of the opposition; personal pressure; football World Cup on TV; the negotiations between the Social Democratic Party and the non-Socialist parties concerning the formation of a majority government; the issuing of writs for a general election; the work of master artisans; evening meals (refreshments) and weekend guests; and magazines and weeklies. # #Observa Political Index Polls 1978: August (DDA-0987): #A bridge over the Great Belt; a government coalition of the Social Democratic Party and the Liberal Party; for or against a lowering of the electoral age to 18 at the referendum on 19 September, 1978; alcohol consumption; purchase of tax-free alcohol and wine; shopping in discount shops; and magazines and weeklies. # #Observa Political Index Polls 1978: September (DDA-0988): #For or against a lowering of the electoral age to 18 at a hypothetical referendum today; the government coalition of the Social Democratic Party and the Liberal Party; the Act on an increase of VAT and the Act on price and profits freeze; the impact of the economic situation on employment; the strikes in connection with the formation of the new Government; the disagreement between Anker Jørgensen and Thomas Nielsen (chairman of LO - the Danish Trades Union Congress); for or against nuclear power stations in Denmark at a hypothetical referendum today; a bridge over the Great Belt; spare time activities; Radio News; and magazines and weeklies. # #Observa Political Index Polls 1978: October (DDA-0989): #For or against Danish membership of the EC at a hypothetical referendum today; the proposal of the Social Democratic Party and LO (the Danish Trades Union Congress) concerning economic industrial democracy, profit sharing and a central fund; a permanent peace in the Middle East after the Camp David peace talks; an extension of the EC (attitude to Portugal, Spain and Greece becoming members of the EC); Danish development aid; marital status; the general claims for the coming collective bargaining; the distribution of housework between husband and wife; employment status; assessment of President Carter; and magazines and weeklies. # #Observa Political Index Polls 1978: November (DDA-0990): #Assessment of the Act on voluntary early retirement pay, the impact of this Act on employment and the possibility of the respondent's retiring on voluntary early retirement pay; the release by the municipalities of personal code numbers of social clients and other citizens to Danmarks Statistik; professional football; the purchase of coal from South Africa; winter holidays; book reading habits; the 'm/k' (male/female) designation; and magazines and weeklies. # #Observa Political Index Polls 1978: December (DDA-0991): #Assessment of Anker Jørgensen as prime minister; Danish and arithmetic instruction in primary school; the optional state-controlled leaving examination in primary school; the abolition of marks and examinations in primary school; the abolition of the examination in Latin; Christmas Eve; children in household; pocket money for children (amount and method); Christmas present expenditure; expectations of 1979 (personal financial situation, the country's economic situation, the world situation); and magazines and weeklies Observas opinionsundersøgelser: ------------------------------- Observa har fra 1967 gennemført undersøgelser af holdninger og livsvaner, dels gennem såkaldte prøvevalg (postale valgpanelsundersøgelser) dels gennem mere omfattende interviewbaserede indstillingsundersøgelser. Prøvevalgsundersøgelserne er foretaget jævnligt i hele perioden (ca. 10 gange hvert år), medens indstillingsundersøgelserne kun blev foretaget kvartalsvist i årene 1969 til 1972. Det lange tidsrum med jævnligt indsamlede, ensartede datamaterialer giver muligheder for forskellige tidsserieanalyser, især hvad angår partipræferencer. Andre emner er sædvanligvis mere flygtigt behandlede pga. de vilkår, hvorunder undersøgelserne er foretaget (de er tilrettelagt med offentliggørelse i dagspressen for øje, det dagsaktuelle har været betonet, og emnerne er begrænset til problemkredse, der lader sig beskrive med et mindre antal spørgsmål). Prøvevalgene gennemførtes indtil udgangen af 1971 for dagbladet Aktuelt og fra 1972 for Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten. Indstillingsundersøgelserne blev udelukkende gennemført for Jyllands-Posten. Observa Prøvevalg 1978: ---------------------- I 1978 gennemførte Observa i alt 10 prøvevalg. Enslydende spørgsmål, omhandlende demografiske forhold samt partipræference, er i DDA samlet i undersøgelsen DDA-0981 Observa Prøvevalg 1978, mens de enkelte, fuldstændige prøvevalg, der indeholder forskellige aktuelle spørgsmål, findes som DDA-0982 til DDA-0991. De enkelte prøvevalg omhandler flg. aktuelle emner: DDA-0982 Observa Prøvevalg 1978, februar-undersøgelsen: Partipræference i dag; deltagelse i og stemmeafgivelse ved kommunalvalget og amtsrådsvalget den 7. marts; udskydelsen af rømningen af Christiania; prioritering af de store investeringsplaner: Storebæltsbroen, indførelse af naturgas, indførelse af atomkraft, udbygning af motorvejsnettet, el-drift for DSB; abonnement på Falck i husstanden; overgang af De Danske Redningskorps til det offentlige; indtægtsbestemmelse af folkepensionen; morgenbøn og morgensang i folkeskolen; skolesøgende børn i husstanden; samt læsning af ugeblade. DDA-0983 Observa Prøvevalg 1978, marts-undersøgelsen: Partipræference i dag; om retssagen mod Mogens Glistrup er politisk forfølgelse, byrettens dom; hvem skal afgøre, om et folketingsmedlem er værdigt til at sidde i Folketinget; vurdering af regeringens medlemmer; vurdering af forslag fra Børnekommissionen, Ligestillingskommissionen og det centrale uddannelsesråd; rygevaner; røgfri dag; samt læsning af ugeblade. DDA-0984 Observa Prøvevalg 1978, april-undersøgelsen: Partipræference i dag; for eller imod Danmarks medlemskab af Fællesmarkedet ved en folkeafstemning i dag; tiltaleformerne du og De; Danmarks Radio''s politiske orientering; personligt velbefindende (fx udhvilet, stresset); nydelse af spiritus; kvaliteten af oksekød og svinekød; forbrug af svinekød nu i forhold til tidligere; samt dyrkning af grøntsager og frugt. DDA-0985 Observa Prøvevalg 1978, maj-undersøgelsen: Partipræfernce i dag; tilbringelse af sommerferie; eventuelle voldshandlinger mod respondenten eller dennes familie eller bekendte; regeringens forslag til nedbringelse af arbejdsløsheden; personlig arbejdsløshed; ja eller nej til atomkraftværker ved en folkeafstemning i dag; ja eller nej til 18 års valgret ved en folkeafstemning i dag; vurdering af regeringens medlemmer; politistyrkens størrelse; samt graden af tillid til politiet. DDA-0986 Observa Prøvevalg 1978, juni-undersøgelsen: Partipræference i dag; vurdering af regeringens virke; vurdering af oppositionens virke; personlig travlhed; VM-fodbold i TV; forhandlinger mellem Socialdemokratiet og de borgerlige partier om dannelse af en flertalsregering; udskrivning af folketingsvalg; håndværkeres arbejde og pålidelighed; aftensmåltider, forfriskninger og gæster i weekenden; samt læsning af ugeblade. DDA-0987 Observa Prøvevalg 1978, august-undersøgelsen: Partipræference i dag; Storebæltsbroen; regeringssamarbejde mellem Socialdemokratiet og Venstre; ja eller nej til 18 års valgret ved folkeafstemningen den 19. september; nydelse af spiritus; beholdning af spiritus; indkøb af afgiftsfri spiritus/vin; indkøb i lavprisvarehuse/billibutikker; samt læsning af ugeblade. DDA-0988 Observa Prøvevalg 1978, september-undersøgelsen: Partipræference i dag; ja eller nej til 18 års valgret ved en folkeafstemning i dag; regeringssamarbejdet mellem Socialdemokratiet og Venstre; lov om forhøjelse af momsen og lov om pris- og avancestop, virkning på den økonomiske situation og på beskæftigelsen; arbejdsnedlæggelserne i forbindelse med dannelsen af den nye regering; kløften mellem statsminister Anker Jørgensen og LOs formand Thomas Nielsen; ja eller nej til atomkraftværker ved en folkeafstemning i dag; Storebæltsbroen; deltagelse i fritidsaktiviteter; radioaviserne; samt læsning af ugeblade. DDA-0989 Observa Prøvevalg 1978, oktober-undersøgelsen: Partipræference i dag; for eller imod Danmarks medlemskab af Fællesmarkedet ved en folkeafstemning i dag; Socialdemokratiets og LOs forslag om økonomisk demokrati, overskudsdeling, en central fond; varig fred i Mellemøsten efter Camp David aftalerne; udvidelse af Fællesmarkedet med Portugal, Spanien og Grækenland; dansk u-landsbistand; civilstand; overenskomstforhandlingerne; fordeling af udførelsen af huslige gøremål mellem mand og kone; erhvervsmæssig beskæftigelse; vurdering af præsident Carter; samt læsning og køb af ugeblade. DDA-0990 Observa Prøvevalg 1978, november-undersøgelsen: Partipræference i dag; vurdering af loven om efterløn, dens virkning på arbejdsløsheden og muligheden for selv at gå på efterløn; udlevering af CPR-numre til Danmarks Statistik på sociale klienter (og andre borgere) fra kommunerne; professionel fodbold; el-værkernes køb af kul i Sydafrika; tilbringelse af vinterferie; læsning af bøger; m/k betegnelsen; samt læsning af ugeblade. DDA-0991 Observa Prøvevalg 1978, december-undersøgelsen: Partipræference i dag; vurdering af Anker Jørgensen som statsminister; folkeskolens undervisning i dansk og regning; valgfri statskontrolleret prøve ved afgang fra folkeskolen; afskaffelse af prøver og karakterer i folkeskolen; afskaffelse af den lille latinprøve; tilbringelse af juleaften; børn i husstanden; lommepenge til børn (beløb og metode); julegavebeløb; udsigterne for 1979 (mht. egen økonomi, landets økonomi, verdenssituationen); læsning af ugeblade; samt kontaktvillighed ved eventuel ekstraordinær undersøgelse. I prøvevalgene indgår et fast sæt af baggrundsvariable (stamoplysninger), som i denne undersøgelse er medtaget for hvert af prøvevalgene. Desuden har DDA samlet hver af disse baggrundsvariable for alle panelets medlemmer for hele året. De gennemgående baggrundsvariable omhandler:Respondentens køn, fødselsår, civilstand og stilling i familien. Bopælens geografiske placering (urbaniseringsgrad) samt boligens art og antal værelser i boligen. Respondentens uddannelse, beskæftigelsesmæssige status, stillingsbetegnelse og medlemskab af faglig organisation. Endelig hvilket politisk parti respondenten stemte på ved det sidste folketingsvalg (1977) eller årsager til, at respondenten ikke stemte See abstract Se abstract

The study examines the linear and nonlinear relationships between per capita carbon dioxide emission, per capita real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, foreign direct investment, trade openness, urbanization, agriculture, and industry sectors as potential determining factors of CO2 emissions in the perspective of Bangladesh all through 44 years, starting from 1974. The study considers the CO2 emissions from the selected South Asian countries over the period from 1978 and 2018. The study uses three cointegration approaches. First, we employ linear cointegration method and find that crucial determining factors of CO2 emissions in Bangladesh are real GDP per capita, energy consumption, and urbanization. Then, we apply the nonlinear cointegration method and find that energy consumption and FDI have asymmetric impacts on carbon release in the long run. While energy consumption, financial development, and FDI have asymmetric influence in the short run. Finally, we apply a panel cointegration test to compare Bangladesh with other South Asian countries in terms of CO2 emissions. The estimated results disclose that the vital contributing factors of CO2 emissions in selected South Asian countries are real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, and urbanization. Our results show that energy consumption, financial development, and urbanization upturn CO2 emissions, while trade openness lowers emissions. We also claim that our results are consistent with the EKC hypothesis for both in Bangladesh and selected South Asian countries. The three cointegration estimation findings disclose that urbanization will deteriorate environmental worth in Bangladesh and selected South Asian countries in the long run.

This data collection is part of a longitudinal survey designed to provide detailed information on the economic situation of households and persons in the United States. These data examine the distribution of income, wealth, and poverty in American society and gauge the effects of federal and state programs on the well-being of families and individuals. There are three basic elements contained in the survey. The first is a control card that records basic social and demographic characteristics for each person in a household, as well as changes in such characteristics over the course of the interviewing period. The second element is the core portion of the questionnaire, with questions repeated at each interview on labor force activity, types and amounts of income, participation in various cash and noncash benefit programs, attendance in post-secondary schools, private health insurance coverage, public or subsidized rental housing, low-income energy assistance, and school breakfast and lunch participation. The third element consists of topical modules, which are a series of supplemental questions asked during selected household visits. Topical modules include some core data to help link individuals to the core files. A topical module was not created for Wave I. The Wave II Topical Module (Part 17) covers recipiency, employment, work disability, education and training, marital status, migration, and fertility histories along with household relationships. The Wave III Topical Module (Part 19) includes data on work schedules, child care, child support agreements, support for nonhousehold members, functional limitations and disability, and utilization of health care services. Data from the Wave IV Topical Module (Part 21) include assets and liabilities, retirement expectations and pension plan coverage, and real estate property and vehicles. The Wave V Topical Module (Part 23) provides data on educational financing and enrollment. The Wave VI Topical Module (Part 25) covers time spent outside the work force, child care, child support agreements, support for nonhousehold members, functional limitations and disability, and utilization of health care services. Data in the Wave VII Topical Module (Part 27) cover selected financial assets, medical expenses and work disability, and real estate, shelter costs, dependent care, and vehicles. Wave VIII Topical Module (Part 29) includes data on annual income and retirement accounts, taxes, and school enrollment and financing. Part 33 of this study is the Wave V Topical Module Research File, an unedited version of Part 23. This research file has not been edited nor imputed but has been topcoded or bottomcoded and recoded if necessary by the Census Bureau to avoid disclosure of individual respondents' identities. Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Wave I Rectangular Data DS2: Data Dictionary for Wave I Rectangular File DS3: Wave II Rectangular Data DS4: Data Dictionary for Wave II Rectangular File DS5: Wave III Rectangular Data DS6: Data Dictionary for Wave III Rectangular File DS7: Wave IV Core Microdata File DS8: Data Dictionary for Wave IV Core Microdata File DS9: Wave V Core Microdata File DS10: Data Dictionary for Wave V Core Microdata File DS11: Wave VI Core Microdata File DS12: Data Dictionary for Wave VI Core Microdata File DS13: Wave VII Core Microdata File DS14: Data Dictionary for Wave VII Core Microdata File DS15: Wave VIII Core Microdata File DS16: Data Dictionary for Wave VIII Core Microdata File DS17: Wave II Topical Module Microdata File DS18: Data Dictionary for Wave II Topical Module Microdata File DS19: Wave III Topical Module Microdata File DS20: Data Dictionary for Wave III Topical Module Microdata File DS21: Wave IV Topical Module Microdata File DS22: Data Dictionary for Wave IV Topical Module Microdata File DS23: Wave V Topical Module Microdata File DS24: Data Dictionary for Wave V Topical Module Microdata File DS25: Wave VI Topical Module Microdata File DS26: Data Dictionary for Wave VI Topical Module Microdata File DS27: Wave VII Topical Module Microdata File DS28: Data Dictionary for Wave VII Topical Module Microdata File DS29: Wave VIII Topical Module Microdata File DS30: Data Dictionary for Wave VIII Topical Module Microdata File DS31: User Notes DS32: User Guide DS33: Wave V Topical Module Research File A multistage stratified sampling design was used. One-fourth of the sample households were interviewed each month, and households were reinterviewed at four-month intervals. All persons at least 15 years old who were present as household members at the time of the first interview were included for the entire study, except those who joined the military, were institutionalized for the entire study period, or moved from the United States. Original household members who moved during the study period were followed to their new residences and interviewed there. New persons moving into households of members of the original sample also were included in the survey, but were not followed if they left the household of an original sample person. Beginning with the 1990 Panel, the file structure of SIPP has changed. The unit of observation is one record for each person for each month, rather than one record per person. Also, topical modules are provided separately from core files.The codebooks are provided by ICPSR as a Portable Document Format (PDF) files and the data dictionaries are provided as ASCII text files. The PDF file format was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated and can be accessed using PDF reader software, such as the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on how to obtain a copy of the Acrobat Reader is provided on the ICPSR Web site. Resident population of the United States, excluding persons living in institutions and military barracks.

This study investigates the impact of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) announcement on stock return and volume in the emerging and European market from 2014 – 2018. First, an event study was employed to examine the impact of inclusion, continuation, and exclusion events on stock return and volume by obtaining the abnormal return and volume. The DJSI announcement signals to the market that for companies, inclusion is favorable whereas exclusion in not, Moreover, continuation of the company in the DJSI also sends information to the market, for instance, a continuation event signals reliability of the sustainability strategy of the company. For an emerging market, inclusion revealed a significant positive abnormal return on the announcement date, whereas exclusion had a significant negative counterpart. Continuation has no impact on stock return. In terms of abnormal volume, inclusion, continuation, and exclusion showed significant positive abnormal volume in the event period. For a European market, significant positive abnormal return occurred for companies included time of the announcement date. By contrast, exclusion revealed a significant negative abnormal return on the announcement date. Continuation had no impact on stock return. Inclusion, continuation, and exclusion indicated significantly positive impacts on abnormal volume in the European market. Investors in the European market are interested in sustainable investment, so, they adjust their portfolio and consequently affect the trading volume of stocks.Second, this work compares the impact of the DJSI announcement on stock return and volume between emerging and European markets. The result shows that more sustainable investment occurs in European rather than the emerging market in terms of inclusion and continuation (abnormal return and abnormal volume are higher). However, regarding exclusion, investor from the emerging market have more sustainable investment in the European market. The European market is a green leader and has greater awareness about sustainability, but a companies in the emerging market have begun to recognize sustainable management.

GDP expressed in PPS (purchasing power standards) eliminates differences in price levels between countries. Calculations on a per inhabitant basis allow for the comparison of economies and regions significantly different in absolute size. GDP per inhabitant in PPS is the key variable for determining the eligibility of NUTS 2 regions in the framework of the European Unions structural policy.

Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) play a significant role in the socio-economic stimulation of South Africa. Particularly, South African SMMEs are believed to contribute around 50% to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) while simultaneously employing up to 80% of the national workforce. Prior research does however suggest that these business entities have among the worst sustainability rates in the world as up to 75% fail after being in operation for three years. A probable reason for the latter dispensation is the non-management of economic factors, one of which is that of Taxation. Taxation is a mandatory obligation imposed on citizens of a country to fund state expenditure. For this working paper, Customs and Excise Taxation is focused on; Taxation that is levied on goods and/or services that are hazardous to both human- and environmental health and wellness. Over the years, Customs and Excise Taxation has not only been imposed on tobacco products, alcoholic products and plastic bags but have also increased year-on-year, to date. As such, the perception was formulated by the author that the sustainability of South African (retail) SMMEs, especially those who sell tobacco products, alcoholic products and plastic bags, are adversely affected by the year-on-year increases of Customs and Excise Taxation. The primary objective of this working paper is to ascertain whether the perception formulated shows truth, in theory. This working paper therefore takes on a non-empirical, exploratory approach that makes use of a qualitative research methodology. Stemming from the findings, thus far, it appears that Customs and Excise Taxation adversely influences the sustainability of South African SMMEs that sell tobacco products, alcoholic products and plastic bags.

Das EBDC Business Expectations Panel, BEP, besteht aus den wichtigsten Variablen des ifo Konjunkturtests und den entsprechenden Bilanzdaten aus den Unternehmensdatenbanken Amadeus (Bureau van Dijk) und Hoppenstedt (Hoppenstedt Firmeninformationen GmbH). Der ifo Konjunkturtest wird monatlich vom ifo Institut erhoben. Er setzt sich aus den EInzelerhebungen für die Sektoren Bau, Dienstleister, Handel und Verarbeitendes Gewerbe zusammen. Kern des Fragenprogramms sind qualitative Urteile zu aktuellen ökonomischen Parametern der Unternehmen wie z.B. der allgemeinen Situation, dem Umsatz, der Nachfrage, Kreditrestriktionen oder den Beschäftigten sowie Fragen zu den Entwicklungen in den kommenden Monaten, u.a. den Geschäfts-, Beschäftigten- oder Preiserwartungen. Die Bilanzdaten der Unternehmensdatenbanken wurden mit Hilfe der Programms Matching-Software MTB (Merge Toolbox), welche am „Center for quantitative Methods and Survey Research“ der Universität Konstanz entwickelt wurde dazu gespielt. The EBDC Business Expectations Panel, BEP, consists of the main variables of the ifo Business Survey and the corresponding balance sheet data from firm databases Amadeus (Bureau vanDijk) and Hoppenstedt(Hoppenstedt Information GmbH).The ifo Business Survey has been conducted by the ifo Institute on a monthly basis. The core of the questionnaire consists of qualitative assessments on the current economic parameters of companies such as, for example, the general situation, turnover, demand, credit constraints and staff numbers, as well as questions on trends in the forthcoming months in areas like business, employment and price expectations. The financial variables were merged by using the matching software MTB (Merge Toolbox) developed at the Center for Quantitative Methods and Survey Research of the University of Konstanz. Self-administered questionnaire

Gallup Omnibus Data 1979 består af 23 omnibusundersøgelser, gennemført af Gallup Markedsanalyse A/S i 1979. Der gennemførtes i dette år 24 omnibusundersøgelser, men omnibus nr. 3 er ikke afleveret til DDA. Nærværende datamateriale stammer fra omnibusundersøgelse nr. 18.I hver af de 23 omnibusser er der dels en række spørgsmål som går igen fra gang til gang, dels en række specielle spørgsmål (omhandlende aktuelle emner). Følgende spørgsmål er fælles for alle omnibusserne i 1979:Respondentens køn, alder og civilstand; husstandens størrelse, og antal voksne (15 år eller derover) og børn i husstanden samt, hvis der er børn, disses alder; respondentens status i husstanden; respondentens uddannelse, beskæftigelsesmæssige status og indkomst; husfaderens uddannelse, beskæftigelsesmæssige status og lønningsform; husstandens samlede indkomst; husmoderens beskæftigelse; boligens art og ejerforhold til boligen samt bopælens geografiske placering og urbaniseringsgraden; hvorvidt husstanden har bil, farve-tv og fuldautomatisk vaskemaskine til rådighed; hvorvidt respondenten dagen før interviewet har røget forskellige former for tobak; respondentens avislæsevaner; og hvilket parti respondenten stemte på ved sidste folketingsvalg samt hvilket parti respondenten ville stemme på, hvis der var folketingsvalg dagen efter interviewet. Emnerne for de specielle spørgsmål i omnibus nr. 18 er: Om respondenten har set fjernsynets serie ''Den otteøjede Skorpion'', og hvad respondenten i givet fald synes om den; respondentens holdning til Dansk Kvindesamfunds forslag om kønskvotering; hvorvidt kvindens stilling i samfundet er blevet forbedret efter kønsrolledebatten; om de to køn potentielt er lige gode til alt, og hvis ikke, hvad kvinder hhv. mænd da efter respondentens mening er bedst til; om respondentens husstand har gjort eller har planer om at gøre noget for at spare energi i opvarmningen og for at nedsætte benzinforbruget; Socialdemokratiets ny forslag til økonomisk demokrati, hvorved det adskiller sig fra det gamle og respondentens holdning til de to forslag og specielt til en central fond; om den bedste løsning på den politiske situation vil være et valg eller et forlig; samt om respondenten er medlem af en fagforening tilknyttet LO Danish Gallup Omnibus Data 1979 comprises 24 omnibus surveys carried out by the Danish Gallup Institute in 1979. #Each survey contains a number of recurring questions as well as a number of special questions (concerning topical events). #The questions common to all 1979 omnibuses are: #The respondent's residence according to degree of urbanization; sex, age, and marital status; the respondent's occupational status and education; the respondent's gross income; gross household income; the bread-winner's occupation; number of children (persons under 15); age of children; number of adults (persons aged 15 or more); the respondent's status in the household; the spouse's status; social group; party preference; type of dwelling; as well as a number of questions about the respondent's newspaper reading habits. #The special questions in this omnibus deal with the following issues: #The TV opera 'Den Otteøjede Skorpion' (The Scorpion with the Eight Eyes); knowledge of and attitudes to the Danish Women's Society (Dansk Kvindesamfund) proposal concerning the introduction of a sex quota system; assessment of the debate about sexual roles; individual efforts to save energy; the new LO and Social Democratic proposal concerning economic industrial democracy versus the former proposal; membership of a trade union under LO; and attitudes to the possibility of a general election coming soon See abstract Se abstract

The main objective of the paper was to determine the significance of particular methods of supporting women's entrepreneurship in Greater Poland. Five groups of such support have been identified: socio-cultural, promotional and informational, financial, institutional, consulting and training. This led to identifying gaps in existing support and to finding the most significant support for entrepreneurial women. The study revealed a discrepancy between the assessment carried out by experts, students and women entrepreneurs. Owners of enterprises’ opinions show that the available forms of support are not as useful as it might seem from the perspective of researchers and potential owners. There are also forms of support that are not used by the female owners.