• Energy Research
• English close
• Chinese Academy of Sciences close

Studies on effects of nitrogen deposition were mainly focused on temperate grasslands in Inner Mongolia of China. In addition, there are substantial differences between the present simulation methods and the natural nitrogen deposition. A three-year experiment was carried out to compare the effects of simulation methods (common urea and slow-released urea) and nitrogen deposition rates (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 and 300 kg N·hm-2·a-1) on soil nutrients and biological characteristics in Hulun Buir Grassland. We found that simulated nitrogen deposition had significant influences on soil chemical properties, biological properties and enzyme activities. With the increases of nitrogen deposition, soil pH declined with the greatest extent of 0.2 units, while the highest concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased by 5-7 times and 12%-36%, respectively. There was a decline trend for soil total phosphorus (TP) and organic phosphorus (TOP). Microbial biomass and metabolic activity increased firstly and then decreased. Moderate simulated nitrogen deposition rates significantly increased soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus related enzyme activities. Compared to common urea, using slow-released urea to simulate nitrogen deposition decelerate the decline of soil pH and the increase of dissolved nutrients, and smoothed the change of microbial biomass, metabolic activity, and nitrogen hydrolyzed enzyme activities. Overall, the results confirmed that continuous nitrogen input caused the decline of soil pH and the increase of bioavailable carbon and nitrogen, and then changed microbial biomass and activity.

Based on 98 Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) tree-ring width data, normalized diffe-rence vegetation index (NDVI) data and land cover data in the Helan Mountains, we used VS-oscilloscope model to simulate the radial growth process of Chinese pine and to examine the relationship between vegetation canopy phenology and tree cambium phenology. Results showed that the end of season (EOS) of the vegetation canopy was significantly correlated with the EOS of the Chinese pine cambium. Such correlation was stronger than that between grassland and cambium. The start of season (SOS) and EOS of Chinese pine were related to the averaged minimum temperature in May-June and August-September, respectively. When the average minimum temperature in May-June increased by 1 ℃, SOS would be advanced by 4.3 days. The averaged minimum temperature in August-September increased by 1 ℃, EOS would be delayed by 2.6 days. The correlation between the phenology of vegetation canopy and the phenology of the cambium in Chinese pine differed among vegetation types. Simulating tree growth dynamics only through a tree-ring physiology model might lead to biased results. Using remote sensing monitoring data to combine canopy development and cambium growth would help to more accurately understand tree growth dynamics.

This paper utilizes cointegration theory, error correcting model and Granger causality testing theory to make an empirical research on the relation between urbanization and GDP in China, and also implements a comparative analysis to the relation between three industries and degree of urbanization, the related coeffecient is 0.97, 0.95, 0.97, 0.97. And the result shows a long-term balance between these two factors, and the promoting effect to tertiary industry by urbanization is more obvious. Urbanization and economic growth are the long-term balanced relations. In the long-term balance, every 1% increment of urbanization can make 4.82% increment of GDP; In short-term balance, if the balance depart from the long-term balance at the i-th term, the model will take automatic reversal adjustment with -0.06 adjusting strength at the (i+1)th term, to make it move to the long-term balance. The economic growth onto urbanization is one-way causality relationship, the primary and secondary industry onto urbanization is also one-way causality relationship. However, the tertiary industry onto urbanization is both-way causality relationship.

Este conjunto de datos proporciona valores atípicos de cambio de elevación (en metros) eliminados y llenos de huecos de los glaciares en el Muztagh Ata y el macizo occidental de Nyainqentanglha en la Alta Montaña de Asia de 2020 a 2022. Cet ensemble de données fournit des valeurs aberrantes de changement d'altitude (en mètres) des glaciers dans le massif du Muztagh Ata et du Nyainqentanglha occidental en Asie de haute montagne de 2020 à 2022. This data set provides outlier removed, gap filled elevation change values (in meters) of the glaciers in the Muztagh Ata and Western Nyainqentanglha massif in High Mountain Asia from 2020 to 2022. توفر مجموعة البيانات هذه قيم تغيير الارتفاع المملوءة بالفجوة (بالأمتار) للأنهار الجليدية في جبل مزطغ آتا وغرب نياينكينتانغلها في آسيا الجبلية العالية من عام 2020 إلى عام 2022.

The entrance of Earth's climate into the present icehouse state during a time of rapid temperature decline in the late Pliocene was intensively investigated during the past decade. Even though it is well documented in marine archives, detailed reconstruction of the Pliocene-Pleistocene climatic evolution of central Europe is hampered by a general lack of data. The work presented here is based on sedimentary material from drill cores obtained at three sites within the Heidelberg Basin (Germany). The scientific relevance of this unique archive was discovered only in the last decade. The hundreds of metres thick sequences of mainly fluvial sediments record the evolution of the environment and climatic conditions during the late Pliocene and the entire Pleistocene of western central Europe. In our present study, we implement unpublished mineral magnetic S-ratio data and new evidence from X-ray analysis into two previously completed studies on the magnetic polarity stratigraphy and the magnetic mineralogy of the Pliocene to Pleistocene sediments of the Heidelberg Basin. The total set of data enable distinction of environmental and climatic processes, and unveil details on the climatic conditions of continental Europe during this period. We demonstrate the dominance of an Mediterranean type to subtropical type climate during the Pliocene. Cyclic variations in the groundwater table in the Rhine flood plain resulted in redox fluctuations, which led to the decomposition of the primary detrital mineral assemblage. Authigenic Fe oxides, particularly haematite, formed during dry periods. A rapid transition into cooler and moister conditions occurred at the end of the Pliocene, as indicated by the persistence of Fe sulphides, especially greigite. A high groundwater table and the associated reducing conditions have largely persisted to the present day. We show that the rapid transition from warm to cooler and moister climatic conditions in central Europe during the final Pliocene is a regional response to the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG). This work supplements existing knowledge of the climatic evolution of central Europe during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition by data from a region from which little data has been available. A sideglance to climatic archives elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere (e.g., North Atlantic Ocean, Chinese Loess Plateau, Russian arctic) is used to show the coincidence of the iNHG events in quite different environmental regimes. Supplement to: Scheidt, Stephanie; Hambach, Ulrich; Hao, Qingzhen; Rolf, Christian; Wennrich, Volker (2020): Environmental signals of Pliocene-Pleistocene climatic changes in Central Europe: Insights from the mineral magnetic record of the Heidelberg Basin sedimentary infill (Germany). Global and Planetary Change, 187, 103112

This dataset includes annual soil conservation capacities and their impact factors in China from 1992 to 2019. These data are developed based on an improved RUSLE model to estimate potential and controlled soil erosion in China from 1992 to 2019. As important input factors, the vegetation cover and management (C) factor and rainfall erosivity (R) factor are optimized for different regions. The C-factor is optimized according to each province's farmland and non-farmland conditions. The R-factor is calculated for karst and non-karst areas separately using daily precipitation. The dataset contains nine zip files (“.rar”), which can be divided into comprehensive data and detailed data. Comprehensive data include mean values and changing rates of soil conservation capacity (SC1992-2019), the C-factor (C1992-2019), and the R-factor (R1992-2019) in China from 1992 to 2019. Detailed data include the water and soil conservation measure factor data (P_300), the soil erodibility factor data (K_300), the topographic factor data (LS_300), the R-factor data in two-year increments (R_year), the C-factor data in two-year increments (C_year), and the SC data in two-year increments (SC_year). Most data have a spatial resolution of 300 m (the resolution of the R-factor is 1 km). All the data in the zip files are raster data (“.tif”), which can be opened by GIS software like ArcMap. This dataset can support large-scale and long-term assessment of soil and water conservation potential in China. It also can serve as a basis for identifying the impacts of climate change and human activities on soil conservation services. This dataset includes annual soil conservation capacities and their impact factors in China from 1992 to 2019. These data are developed based on an improved RUSLE model to estimate potential and controlled soil erosion in China from 1992 to 2019. As important input factors, the vegetation cover and management (C) factor and rainfall erosivity (R) factor are optimized for different regions. The C-factor is optimized according to each province's farmland and non-farmland conditions. The R-factor is calculated for karst and non-karst areas separately using daily precipitation. The dataset contains nine zip files (“.rar”), which can be divided into comprehensive data and detailed data. Comprehensive data include mean values and changing rates of soil conservation capacity (SC1992-2019), the C-factor (C1992-2019), and the R-factor (R1992-2019) in China from 1992 to 2019. Detailed data include the water and soil conservation measure factor data (P_300), the soil erodibility factor data (K_300), the topographic factor data (LS_300), the R-factor data in two-year increments (R_year), the C-factor data in two-year increments (C_year), and the SC data in two-year increments (SC_year). Most data have a spatial resolution of 300 m (the resolution of the R-factor is 1 km). All the data in the zip files are raster data (“.tif”), which can be opened by GIS software like ArcMap. This dataset can support large-scale and long-term assessment of soil and water conservation potential in China. It also can serve as a basis for identifying the impacts of climate change and human activities on soil conservation services.

Climate trends during wheat growing period and their impacts on spring wheat yield in Huang-huai Plain was investigated. This dataset contains: 1) information of stations in cultivation region for spring wheat in North China; 2) Trend in temperature and its effect on yield in cultivation region for spring wheat in North China; 3) Trend in radiation and its effect on yield in cultivation region for spring wheat in North China; 4) Trend in precipitation and its effect on yield in cultivation region for spring wheat in North China. Climate trends during wheat growing period and their impacts on spring wheat yield in Huang-huai Plain was investigated. This dataset contains: 1) information of stations in cultivation region for spring wheat in North China; 2) Trend in temperature and its effect on yield in cultivation region for spring wheat in North China; 3) Trend in radiation and its effect on yield in cultivation region for spring wheat in North China; 4) Trend in precipitation and its effect on yield in cultivation region for spring wheat in North China.

Collectively, reservoirs created by dams are thought to be an important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere. So far, efforts to quantify, model, and manage these emissions have been limited by data availability and inconsistencies in methodological approach. Here, we synthesize reservoir CH4, CO2, and N2O emission data with three main objectives: (1) to generate a global estimate of GHG emissions from reservoirs, (2) to identify the best predictors of these emissions, and (3) to consider the effect of methodology on emission estimates. We estimate that GHG emissions from reservoir water surfaces account for 0.8 (0.5–1.2) Pg CO2 equivalents per year, with the majority of this forcing due to CH4. We then discuss the potential for several alternative pathways such as dam degassing and downstream emissions to contribute significantly to overall emissions. Although prior studies have linked reservoir GHG emissions to reservoir age and latitude, we find that factors related to reservoir productivity are better predictors of emission. Reservoir Greenhouse Gas Fluxes and Potential Predictor Variables This data file contains reservoir greenhouse gas emission estimates as well as categorical and continuous data for tested predictors of these fluxes. There is one row reserved for each reservoir included in the study. The associated references for this data are included in a second spreadsheet tab.

Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in plant-environment interactions and contribute greatly to human health. Global climate changes are expected to dramatically affect plant secondary metabolism, yet a systematic understanding of such influences is still lacking. Here, we employed medicinal and aromatic plants (MAAPs) as model plant taxa and performed a meta-analysis from 360 publications using 1828 paired observations to assess the responses of different SMs levels and the accompanying plant traits to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), elevated temperature (eT), elevated nitrogen deposition (eN), and decreased precipitation (dP). The overall results showed that phenolic and terpenoid levels generally respond positively to eCO2 but negatively to eN, while the total alkaloid concentration was increased remarkably by eN. By contrast, dP promotes the levels of all SMs, while eT exclusively exerts a positive influence on the levels of phenolic compounds. Further analysis highlighted the dependence of SM responses on different moderators such as plant functional types, climate change levels or exposure durations, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. Moreover, plant phenolic and terpenoid responses to climate changes could be attributed to the variations in C/N ratio and total soluble sugar levels, while the trade-off supposition contributed to SM responses to climate changes other than eCO2. Taken together, our results predicted the distinctive SM responses to diverse climate changes in MAAPs, and allowed us to define potential moderators responsible for these variations. Further, linking SM responses to C-N metabolism and growth-defence balance provided biological understandings in terms of plant secondary metabolic regulation. Peer-reviewed journal articles published online from January 1990 to March 2022 were searched using Web of Science (http://www.isiknowledge.com/), with the following terms: (global change OR climate change OR free-air carbon dioxide enrichment OR free-air CO2 enrichment OR elevated carbon dioxide OR elevated CO2 OR elevated atmospheric CO2 OR CO2 enrichment OR eCO2 OR atmospheric CO2 enrichment OR elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide OR carbon dioxide enrichment OR [carbon dioxide] OR nitrogen deposition OR nitrogen addition OR nitrogen application OR nitrogen fertiliz* OR nitrogen nutrition OR N deposition OR N addition OR N application OR N fertiliz* OR N nutrition OR changing precipitation OR increased precipitation OR decreased precipitation OR drought OR water stress OR water addition OR warming OR elevated temperature OR climate warming OR elevated temperature OR increased temperature) AND (medicinal plant OR aromatic plants).