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Abstract: Background: With the coming of the Industrial Revolution, the levels of pollution grow significantly. This Technological development contributed to the worsening of shortness breath problems in great shape. especially in infants and children. There are many shortness breath diseases that infants and children face in their lives. Shortness of breath is one of a very serious symptom in children and infants and should never be ignored. Objectives: Along these lines, the main goal of this expert system is to help physician in diagnosing and describe some common causes of shortness of breath in infants and children by diagnosing their cases through our expert system. Moreover, this system which we are presenting will give patient the appropriate diagnosis of disease and the treatment required. Methods: In this paper the strategy of the expert system for diagnosing a number of the existed shortness of breath in infants and children diseases such as (Asthma , Bronchiolitis, Viral Pneumonia, cough, Shortness of breath' dyspnea ', Epiglottitis, Croup, ABSCESS in the tonsil 'peritonsillar abscess', Bronchitis, Viral Bronchitis, Wheezing, sudden infant death syndrome 'SIDS' ) is introduced, an overview about the shortness of breath in children and infants diseases are delineated, the cause of diseases are sketched and the treatment of disease whenever conceivable is given . SL5 Object Expert System language was utilized for designing and implementing the proposed expert system. Results: The proposed shortness of breath in children and infants diseases diagnosis expert system was estimated by Medical students and they were satisfied with its result. Conclusions: The Proposed expert system is very useful for Respiratory physician, pediatrician, recently graduated physician, and for children's parents with shortness of breath problem.

The ocean provides resources key to human health and well-being, including food, oxygen, livelihoods, blue spaces, and medicines. The global threat to these resources posed by accelerating ocean acidification is becoming increasingly evident as the world’s oceans absorb carbon dioxide emissions. While ocean acidification was initially perceived as a threat only to the marine realm, here we argue that it is also an emerging human health issue. Specifically, we explore how ocean acidification affects the quantity and quality of resources key to human health and well-being in the context of: (1) malnutrition and poisoning, (2) respiratory issues, (3) mental health impacts, and (4) development of medical resources. We explore mitigation and adaptation management strategies that can be implemented to strengthen the capacity of acidifying oceans to continue providing human health benefits. Importantly, we emphasize that the cost of such actions will be dependent upon the socioeconomic context; specifically, costs will likely be greater for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, exacerbating the current inequitable distribution of environmental and human health challenges. Given the scale of ocean acidification impacts on human health and well-being, recognizing and researching these complexities may allow the adaptation of management such that not only are the harms to human health reduced but the benefits enhanced.

The lack of robust studies carried out on urban roads in developing countries makes it difficult to enhance traffic safety, ensuring sustainable roads and cities. This study analyzes the contribution of a number of explanatory variables behind crashes involving injuries on arterial roads in Irbid (Jordan). Five binary logistic regression models were calibrated for a crash dataset from 2014–2018: one for the full database, and the others for the four main crash causes identified by Jordanian Traffic Police reports. The models show that whatever the crash cause, the three most significant factors linked to an injury or fatality lie in urban road sections that are in large-scale neighborhood areas, have fewer than six accesses per kilometer, and have a low traffic volume (under 500 veh/h/ln). Some of these results agree with previous studies in other countries. Jordan’s governmental agencies concerned with urban road safety might use these results to develop appropriate plans and implement priority actions for each crash cause, in addition to undertaking further research for comparative purposes.

4-Anilinoquinolines have been prepared by cyclodehydration of \(\beta\)-anilinoacryloanilides with polyphosphoric acid.

La récente série thématique sur les prestataires proches de la communauté publiée dans cette revue rassemble 14 articles provenant de contextes variés et qui utilisent une gamme de méthodes de recherche. La série illustre clairement l'accent renouvelé et l'enthousiasme suscité par le potentiel des prestataires proches de la communauté (CTC) dans la réalisation de la couverture sanitaire universelle et le soutien aux objectifs de développement durable. Cet éditorial aborde les thèmes clés qui ont émergé de cet ensemble de documents riches et variés et réfléchit aux implications pour la programmation fondée sur des données probantes. Nous sommes à une étape critique dans l'élaboration des programmes et des politiques de la CCT, ce qui nécessite la création et la communication de nouvelles connaissances pour assurer la sécurité, la durabilité, la qualité et l'accessibilité des services, ainsi que leurs liens avec le système de santé au sens large et les communautés desservies par les CCT. La reciente serie temática sobre proveedores cercanos a la comunidad publicada en esta revista reúne 14 artículos de diversos contextos y que utilizan una variedad de métodos de investigación. La serie ilustra claramente el renovado énfasis y entusiasmo sobre el potencial de los proveedores cercanos a la comunidad (CTC) para lograr la cobertura universal de salud y apoyar los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. Este editorial analiza los temas clave que han surgido de este rico y variado conjunto de documentos y reflexiona sobre las implicaciones para la programación basada en la evidencia. Estamos en una etapa crítica en el desarrollo de la programación y la política de CTC, que requiere la creación y comunicación de nuevos conocimientos para garantizar la seguridad, la sostenibilidad, la calidad y la accesibilidad de los servicios, y sus vínculos tanto con el sistema de salud en general como con las comunidades a las que sirven los CTC. The recent thematic series on close-to-community providers published in this journal brings together 14 papers from a variety of contexts and that use a range of research methods. The series clearly illustrates the renewed emphasis and excitement about the potential of close-to-community (CTC) providers in realising universal health coverage and supporting the sustainable development goals. This editorial discusses key themes that have emerged from this rich and varied set of papers and reflect on the implications for evidence-based programming. We are at a critical stage in the development of CTC programming and policy which requires the creation and communication of new knowledge to ensure the safety, sustainability, quality and accessibility of services, and their links with both the broader health system and the communities that CTCs serve. تجمع السلسلة المواضيعية الأخيرة حول مقدمي الخدمات المقربين من المجتمع المنشورة في هذه المجلة 14 ورقة بحثية من مجموعة متنوعة من السياقات والتي تستخدم مجموعة من أساليب البحث. توضح السلسلة بوضوح التركيز والإثارة المتجددين حول إمكانات مقدمي الخدمات المقربين من المجتمع (CTC) في تحقيق التغطية الصحية الشاملة ودعم أهداف التنمية المستدامة. تناقش هذه الافتتاحية الموضوعات الرئيسية التي انبثقت عن هذه المجموعة الغنية والمتنوعة من الأوراق وتعكس الآثار المترتبة على البرمجة القائمة على الأدلة. نحن في مرحلة حرجة من تطوير برامج وسياسة مكافحة الإرهاب التي تتطلب إنشاء ونقل معارف جديدة لضمان سلامة الخدمات واستدامتها وجودتها وإمكانية الوصول إليها، وروابطها مع كل من النظام الصحي الأوسع والمجتمعات التي تخدمها مراكز مكافحة الإرهاب.

Diesel Engines emit complex mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds in the form of both solid and vapour phase particles. Most of the particulates released are ultrafine nanoparticles which are detrimental to human health and can easily enter the body by respiration. The emissions standards on particulate matter release from diesel engines are constantly upgraded within the European Union and with future regulations based on the particles numbers released instead of merely mass, the need for effective aftertreatment devices will increase. Standard particulate filters in the form of wall flow filters can have problems with high soot accumulation, producing a large exhaust backpressure. A potential solution would be to combine the standard filter with a flow through filter to reduce the load on the wall flow filter. In this paper soot particle trapping has been simulated in different continuous flow filters of monolithic structure including the use of promoters, at laminar flow conditions. An Euler Lagrange model, the discrete phase model in Ansys used with user defined functions for forces acting on particles. A method to quickly screen trapping of 5 nm and 10 nm particles in different catalysts designs with tracers was also developed. Simulations of square duct monoliths with promoters show that the strength of the vortices produced are not enough to give a high amount of particle deposition on the catalyst walls. The smallest particles in the simulations, 5 and 10 nm particles were trapped to a higher extent, than larger particles up to 1000 nm, in all studied geometries with the predominant deposition mechanism being Brownian diffusion. The comparison of the different filters designed with a wall flow filter does show that the options for altering a design of a flow through filter, without imposing a too large pressure drop penalty are good. {"references": ["M.Votsmeier, T. Kreuzer, J. Gieshioff, Automobile Exhaust Control,\nUllmann-s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,\n", "Kalla http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/hd.php.", "A.M.Hochhauser, Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels, Kirk-Othmer\nEncyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 2010-01-20,\n", "M.Zhen, S. Banerjee, Diesel oxidation catalyst and particulate filter\nmodelling in active Flow configurations, Applied Thermal\nEnmgineering 29 (2009) 3021-3035.", "J.Uchisawa, A. Obuchi, A. Ohi, T. Nanba, N. Nakayama, Activity of\ncatalysts supported on heat-resistant ceramic cloth for diesel soot\noxidation, Power Technology 180 (2008) 39-44.\n[10] W.A. Majewski, Diesel Oxidation Catalyst, www. Dieselnet.com. 2009.\n[11] Schaefer-Sindlingera, I. Lappasa, C.C. Vogta, et al, Efficient material\ndesign for diesel particulate filters, Topics in Catalysis Vols. 42-43,\n2007.\n[12] L. Andreassi, S. Cordiner, V. Mulone, M. Presti, A mixed numericalexperimental\nanalysis procedure for non-blocking metal supported soot\ntrap design. SAE 2002-01-2782), 2002.\n[13] W.A. Majewski, Flow-Through Filters, www. Dieselnet. Com, 2009.\n[14] B. Andersson, R. Andersson, L. Hakansson, et al, Computational Fluid\nDynamics for Chemical Enginers, fifth edition, Gothenburg, 2009.\n[15] M. Sommerfield, B.Wan Wachem, R. Oliemans, (eds), Best Practice\nGuidelines for CFD of Dispersed Multiphase Flows\n(ERCOFTAC/SIAMUF, Goteborg, 2008).\n[16] R. Bruck, P. Hirth, M. Reizig, Metal Supported Flow-Through\nParticulate Trap; a Non-Blocking Solution, SAE 2001-01-1950, 2001."]}

Crises, while painful and disruptive, can also be a time of opportunity. As our global society navigates the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, many are questioning the basic structures of our social and economic systems and are exploring opportunities to bounce forward from this crisis to a more equitable, sustainable, and resilient world. In this context, Future Earth, the Imperial College London Grantham Institute, and the Sustainability in the Digital Age initiative conducted a foresight survey to take the pulse of the global population and tap into a broad diversity of perspectives on where the world is headed post-COVID-19. In this report, we summarize the results of this survey and highlight key insights that may help to inform short and medium-term strategies for how we build forward from the COVID-19 pandemic towards a more sustainable future. 

L'interface entre deux solutions d'électrolyte immiscibles (ITIES) est idéale pour détecter les ions rédox inactifs par leur transfert d'ions. Une telle électroanalyse, basée sur l'équation de Nernst-Donnan, a été principalement réalisée à l'aide de l'ampérométrie, de la voltammétrie cyclique ou de la voltammétrie différentielle par impulsions. Ici, nous introduisons une nouvelle méthode électroanalytique basée sur la voltampérométrie à courant alternatif (CA) avec des avantages inhérents par rapport aux approches traditionnelles telles que l'évitement de la compensation iR à rétroaction positive, un problème majeur pour les cellules électrochimiques liquides|liquides contenant des milieux organiques résistifs et des zones interfaciales dans la gamme cm2 et mm2. Un contexte théorique décrivant la génération du signal analytique est fourni et basé sur l'extraction de la composante qui dépend de l'impédance de Warburg de l'impédance totale. La détection quantitative d'une série de modèles de cations tétraalkylammonium rédox-inactifs est démontrée, avec des preuves fournies de l'adsorption transitoire de ces cations à l'interface au cours du transfert d'ions. Comme le transfert d'ions est limité par la diffusion, en modifiant la fréquence d'excitation de la tension pendant la voltamétrie alternative, l'intensité de la réponse faradique peut être améliorée aux basses fréquences (1 Hz) ou disparaître complètement aux fréquences plus élevées (99 Hz). Ce dernier produit un voltammogramme CA équivalent à une mesure « à blanc » en l'absence d'analyte et est idéal pour la soustraction de fond. Par conséquent, des opportunités majeures existent pour la détection sensible de l'analyte ionique lorsqu'une mesure « à blanc » en l'absence d'analyte est impossible. Cette approche est particulièrement utile pour déconvoluer les signaux liés aux réactions électrochimiques réversibles de ceux dus à des processus irréversibles, qui ne donnent pas de signaux CA. La interfaz entre dos soluciones de electrolitos inmiscibles (ITIES) es ideal para detectar iones inactivos redox por su transferencia de iones. Dicho electroanálisis, basado en la ecuación de Nernst-Donnan, se ha realizado predominantemente utilizando amperometría, voltametría cíclica o voltametría de pulso diferencial. Aquí, presentamos un nuevo método electroanalítico basado en la voltametría de corriente alterna (CA) con ventajas inherentes sobre los enfoques tradicionales, como evitar la compensación iR de retroalimentación positiva, un problema importante para las celdas electroquímicas líquido|líquido que contienen medios orgánicos resistivos y áreas interfaciales en el rango de cm2 y mm2. Se proporciona un fondo teórico que describe la generación de la señal analítica y se basa en la extracción del componente que depende de la impedancia de Warburg de la impedancia total. Se demuestra la detección cuantitativa de una serie de cationes de tetraalquilamonio inactivos redox modelo, con evidencia proporcionada de la adsorción transitoria de estos cationes en la interfaz durante el curso de la transferencia de iones. Dado que la transferencia de iones está limitada por la difusión, al cambiar la frecuencia de excitación de voltaje durante la voltametría de CA, la intensidad de la respuesta faradaica puede mejorarse a bajas frecuencias (1 Hz) o desaparecer completamente a frecuencias más altas (99 Hz). Este último produce un voltamograma de CA equivalente a una medición "en blanco" en ausencia de analito y es ideal para la sustracción de fondo. Por lo tanto, existen grandes oportunidades para la detección sensible de analito iónico cuando una medición "en blanco" en ausencia de analito es imposible. Este enfoque es particularmente útil para deconvolucionar señales relacionadas con reacciones electroquímicas reversibles de las debidas a procesos irreversibles, que no dan señales de CA. The interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) is ideally suited to detect redox-inactive ions by their ion transfer. Such electroanalysis, based on the Nernst-Donnan equation, has been predominantly performed using amperometry, cyclic voltammetry, or differential pulse voltammetry. Here, we introduce a new electroanalytical method based on alternating-current (AC) voltammetry with inherent advantages over traditional approaches such as avoidance of positive feedback iR compensation, a major issue for liquid|liquid electrochemical cells containing resistive organic media and interfacial areas in the cm2 and mm2 range. A theoretical background outlining the generation of the analytical signal is provided and based on extracting the component that depends on the Warburg impedance from the total impedance. The quantitative detection of a series of model redox-inactive tetraalkylammonium cations is demonstrated, with evidence provided of the transient adsorption of these cations at the interface during the course of ion transfer. Since ion transfer is diffusion-limited, by changing the voltage excitation frequency during AC voltammetry, the intensity of the Faradaic response can be enhanced at low frequencies (1 Hz) or made to disappear completely at higher frequencies (99 Hz). The latter produces an AC voltammogram equivalent to a "blank" measurement in the absence of analyte and is ideal for background subtraction. Therefore, major opportunities exist for the sensitive detection of ionic analyte when a "blank" measurement in the absence of analyte is impossible. This approach is particularly useful to deconvolute signals related to reversible electrochemical reactions from those due to irreversible processes, which do not give AC signals. تعتبر الواجهة بين محلولين للكهارل غير قابلين للامتزاج (ITIES) مناسبة بشكل مثالي للكشف عن الأيونات غير النشطة للاختزال عن طريق نقل الأيونات. تم إجراء هذا التحليل الكهربائي، بناءً على معادلة نيرنست- دونان، في الغالب باستخدام قياس التيار الكهربائي أو قياس الجهد الدوري أو قياس الجهد التفاضلي للنبض التفاضلي. هنا، نقدم طريقة تحليلية كهربائية جديدة تعتمد على قياس الجهد الكهربائي للتيار المتردد (AC) مع مزايا متأصلة على الأساليب التقليدية مثل تجنب تعويض التفاعل الإيجابي iR، وهي مشكلة رئيسية للخلايا الكهروكيميائية السائلة|السائلة التي تحتوي على وسائط عضوية مقاومة ومناطق بينية في نطاق cm2 و mm2. يتم توفير خلفية نظرية تحدد توليد الإشارة التحليلية وتستند إلى استخراج المكون الذي يعتمد على معاوقة واربورغ من المعاوقة الكلية. يتم توضيح الكشف الكمي لسلسلة من كاتيونات رباعي ألكيل الأمونيوم غير النشطة في النموذج، مع تقديم دليل على الامتزاز العابر لهذه الكاتيونات في الواجهة أثناء نقل الأيونات. نظرًا لأن نقل الأيونات محدود الانتشار، عن طريق تغيير تردد استثارة الجهد أثناء قياس جهد التيار المتردد، يمكن تعزيز شدة استجابة الفرادايك عند الترددات المنخفضة (1 هرتز) أو جعلها تختفي تمامًا عند ترددات أعلى (99 هرتز). ينتج هذا الأخير مخطط جهد تيار متردد مكافئًا لقياس "فارغ" في حالة عدم وجود ناتج تحليلي وهو مثالي لطرح الخلفية. لذلك، توجد فرص كبيرة للكشف الحساس عن المحلل الأيوني عندما يكون القياس "الفارغ" في غياب المحلل مستحيلاً. هذا النهج مفيد بشكل خاص للإشارات غير الملتوية المتعلقة بالتفاعلات الكهروكيميائية القابلة للعكس من تلك الناتجة عن العمليات غير القابلة للعكس، والتي لا تعطي إشارات التيار المتردد.

Titanium-Kaempferol (3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy flavone) Complex : A Spectrophotometric Study