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  • Energy Research
  • 13. Climate action
  • 11. Sustainability
  • 12. Responsible consumption
  • Russian

  • Данная работа посвящена разработке концепции энергоснабжения индивидуального дома с нулевым потреблением энергии, учитывающей климатические показатели района строительства. Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: 1. Систематизация и анализ существующих исследований в области объектов энергоэффективного жилищного строительства. 2. Оценка возобновляемых источников энергии, таких как солнечная, ветровая, воздушная и геотермальная энергетика. 3. Разработка процедуры подбора эффективной системы энергоснабжения пассивного дома. 4. Проверка алгоритма подбора эффективной системы энергоснабжения пассивного дома в России. 5. Определение экономических показателей системы энергоснабжения индивидуального дома с нулевым потреблением энергии для каждого из трех выбранных регионов. Проанализировав существующие концепции энергоэффективных домов и использование возобновляемых источников энергии на территории России, было решено, что необходимо предложить такую концепцию энергоснабжения пассивного дома, которая включает в себя совместную работу геотермального насоса и солнечных панелей. На основании оценки эффективности солнечной и геотермальной энергетики был разработан алгоритм побора эффективной системы энергоснабжения дома с нулевым потреблением энергии. Далее была произведена проверка алгоритма побора эффективной системы энергоснабжения пассивного дома для трех выбранных регионов, расположенных в России. С помощью сайта Photovoltaic geographical information system были выбраны три города, где наиболее оптимально устанавливать солнечные панели: Владивосток, Иркутск и Петропавловск-Камчатский. Для частных домов c площадью отапливаемых помещений 90 м2, расположенных во Владивостоке, Иркутске и Петропавловске-Камчатском была подобрана геотермальная и солнечная установка, а также рассчитана стоимость данного оборудования и его сроки окупаемости. Кроме того, было определено экономически оптимальное количество солнечных панелей для трех рассматриваемых городов. This work is devoted to the development of the concept of energy supply for an individual house with zero energy consumption, taking into account the climatic indicators of the construction area. The research set the following goals: 1. Systematization and analysis of existing research in the field of energy efficient housing construction. 2. Assessment of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, air and geothermal energy. 3. Development of a procedure for selecting an efficient power supply system for a passive house. 4. Checking the algorithm for selecting an efficient power supply system for a passive house in Russia. 5. Determination of economic indicators of the energy supply system of an individual house with zero energy consumption for each of the three selected regions. After analyzing the existing concepts of energy efficient houses and the use of renewable energy sources in Russia, it was decided to propose such a concept for the energy supply of a passive house, which includes the combined work of a geothermal pump and solar panels. Based on the evaluation of the efficiency of solar and geothermal energy, an algorithm for selecting an efficient energy supply system for a house with zero energy consumption was developed. Next, the algorithm for selecting an efficient power supply system for a passive house was tested for three selected regions located in Russia. With the Photovoltaic geographical information system website, three cities were selected where it is most optimal to install solar panels: Vladivostok, Irkutsk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. For private houses with a heated area of 90 m2, located in Vladivostok, Irkutsk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, a geothermal and solar installation was selected, and the cost of this equipment and its payback period were calculated. In addition, the economically optimal number of solar panels for the three cities under consideration was determined.

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  • The article conducts research and development of methodological apparatus, assessing the level of sustainability of the regional transport and logistics infrastructure. The article indicates that the most important indicator when organizing transport and logistics support will be the indicator of its level of sustainability. The issue of transport and logistics sustainability related to the peculiarities of improving regional socio-economic infrastructure, including the implementation of regional infrastructure projects, is also emphasized. В статье проводятся исследования и разработка методического аппарата, оценки уровня устойчивости региональной транспортно-логистической инфраструктуры. В статье указывается, что наиболее важное значение при организации транспортно-логистического обеспечения будет иметь показатель его уровня устойчивости. Также акцентируется проблематика транспортно-логистической устойчивости связанная с особенностями совершенствования региональной социально-экономической инфраструктуры, в том числе при реализации региональных инфраструктурных проектов. Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 10 (159) 2023, Pages 672-675

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  • The uneven production and consumption of oil in the world economy continues to grow, with demand and supply for products increasingly shifting to developing countries. The Asia-Pacific region and the countries of Southeast Asia, in the medium term, will become a key center in world oil refining, which is associated with high rates of economic growth, population growth and the fleet of vehicles in the countries of the region. Under the influence of the main trends in the development of the world oil market, as well as due to the policies of developed countries aimed at the application of environmental and energy-efficient technologies, the structure of production of oil products in the world is gradually changing. So, in this regard, the demand for light and medium distillates and LNG is growing in the Asia-Pacific countries, and the demand for heavy is falling. According to experts, gas demand will grow faster than oil. The key drivers of this growth are environmental friendliness and low cost in comparison to other fossil fuels. In Asia and the Middle East, gas generation will replace coal and oil, respectively. Gas consumption will grow, another driver of the growth of generating gas capacities is the fears of many countries about the safety and reliability of the nuclear power industry. In addition to the electric power industry, due to population growth, gas consumption in the housing sector and industry will increase. The Middle East, the only major producer of low-cost oil, will remain the center of global oil production in the long run. Неравномерность производства и потребления нефти в мировой экономике продолжает нарастать, спрос и предложение на продукцию всё более смещается в развивающиеся страны. Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион и страны Юго-Восточной Азии, в среднесрочной перспективе, станут ключевым центром в мировой нефтепереработке, что связано с высокими темпами роста экономики, прироста населения и парка транспортных средств в странах региона. Под влиянием основных тенденций развития мирового рынка нефти, а также вследствие политики развитых стран, направленных на применение экологических и энергоэффективных технологий, структура производства потребления продукции нефтепереработки в мире постепенно изменяется. Так, в связи с этим в странах АТР растёт спрос на легкие и средние дистилляты и СПГ, а спрос на тяжелые падает. По оценкам экспертов спрос на газ будет расти быстрее, чем на нефть. Ключевыми факторами этого роста стали экологичность и низкая стоимость относительно других ископаемых видов топлива. В Азии и на Ближнем Востоке газовая генерация будет заменять угольную и нефтяную соответственно. Потребление газа будет расти, еще один драйвер роста генерирующих газовых мощностей - опасения многих стран по поводу безопасности и надежности атомной электроэнергетики. Помимо электроэнергетики, в связи с ростом населения будут расти объемы потребления газа в секторе ЖКХ и промышленности. Ближний Восток, единственный крупный производитель недорогой нефти, в долгосрочной перспективе останется центром мировой нефтедобычи ВОПРОСЫ СТРУКТУРИЗАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ, Выпуск 4 (79) 2020, Pages 102-106

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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Научно-исследовательский институт с энергоэффективными ограждающими конструкциями». Цель выпускной квалификационной работы: разработать проект геологического научно-исследовательского института, подобрать наиболее оптимальную с энергетической и экономической точки зрения ограждающую конструкцию. Задачи, решаемые в ходе работы: 1. Разработка разделов проектной документации в соответствии с Постановлением Правительства РФ от 16 февраля 2008 г. â„– 87 «О составе разделов проектной документации и требованиях к их содержанию»; 2. Разработка энергетической модели здания (BEM) с ограждающими конструкциями â„–1; 3. Разработка энергетической модели здания (BEM) с ограждающими конструкциями â„–2; 4. Разработка энергетической модели здания (BEM) с ограждающими конструкциями â„–3; 5. Теплотехнический расчет и расчет теплопотерь; 6. Экономический анализ; Поставленные задачи решались при помощи информационного и энергетического моделирования в ПК Revit. Разработана документация на проектируемый объект, а также энергетическая модель здания (BEM) с разными ограждающими конструкциями, подобрана оптимальная с точки зрения энергетической эффективности и экономической целесообразности использования ограждающая конструкция для здания НИИ – ограждающая стена «мокрый фасад». Theme of final qualification work: "Research Institute with energy-efficient building envelopes." The purpose of the final qualification work: to develop a project of a geological research institute, to select the most optimal building envelope from an energy and economic point of view. Tasks solved in the course of work: 1. Development of sections of project documentation in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87 «On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content»; 2. Development of the energy model of the building (BEM) with building envelope No.1; 3. Development of the energy model of the building (BEM) with building envelope No.2; 4. Development of the energy model of the building (BEM) with building envelope No.3; 5. Thermotechnical calculation and calculation of heat loss; 6. Economic analysis. The tasks were solved using information and energy modeling in Revit PC. The documentation for the projected object, as well as the energy model of the building (BEM) with various building envelopes, was developed, and the optimal building envelope for the building of the research institute, the “wet facade” wall, was selected in terms of energy efficiency and economic feasibility.

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  • Authors: Gorshkova, Ludmila; Sandulyak, Svetlana;

    In the current situation associated with the onset of the widespread economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, when production, financial markets, consumer demand for goods and services stopped at the same time, the concept of maintaining and developing business sustainability is becoming increasingly relevant. With fewer losses, those enterprises that can build viable business models in a timely manner have a chance to overcome the crisis. Orientation of organizations’ development strategies to the global sustainable development goals adopted by the global business community provides significant benefits for companies and increases business stability. Studies by international consultants show that Russian companies have not yet developed a full understanding of the importance and necessity of using sustainable development goals in their strategic and operational plans. The authors of the article consider five determinants that form, according to the authors, a complex system: intellectual; financial, informational, environmental and situational sustainability. The paper presents a brief description of the identified determinants and analyzes the research results of foreign and domestic scientists. It provides individual indicators, criteria, tools and methods for assessing the stability of each determinant and identifies problem areas. In practice, the assessment of the sustainability of different elements of a business is most often carried out separately from each other without taking into account their interdependence and mutual influence, which has negative consequences for balancing the strategic goals of the enterprise. The article proposes the use of a “cross-cutting” approach in assessing the sustainability of basic determinants and their integration with the global goals of sustainable development. The authors propose an element-by-element composition of the complex system of determinants (CSD), as well as describe and illustrate the three-level scheme of the relationship between the CSD and the global sustainable development goals in a structured way. The first and second levels represent global goals of sustainable development, grouped by their focus (economic, environmental, social). The third internal level (core) of the scheme is an economic entity with a set of determinants to be evaluated for their resistance to external and internal influences. The article lists the advantages of the integration of sustainable development goals in the business strategy of enterprises, which ensure the success of the business entity. В текущей ситуации, связанной с наступлением широкомасштабного экономического кризиса, вызванного коронавирусной пандемией, когда одновременно остановились производство, финансовые рынки, потребительский спрос на товары и услуги, концепция сохранения и развития устойчивости бизнеса становится все более актуальной. С меньшими потерями имеют шанс выйти из кризиса те предприятия, которые смогут своевременно выстроить модели жизнеспособного бизнеса. Ориентация стратегий развития организаций на глобальные цели устойчивого развития, принятые мировым бизнес-сообществом, дает существенные преимущества для компаний и повышает стабильность бизнеса. Исследования международных консультантов показывают, что у российских компаний еще не сформировано полноценного понимания важности и необходимости использования целей устойчивого развития в своих стратегических и операционных планах. Авторами статьи рассматривается пять детерминант, образующих, по мнению авторов, комплексную систему: интеллектуальная; финансовая, информационная, экологическая и ситуационная устойчивость. Дается краткая характеристика выделенных детерминант, анализируются результаты исследований зарубежных и отечественных ученых, приводятся отдельные показатели, критерии, инструменты и методы для оценки устойчивости каждой детерминанты, а также идентифицируются проблемные области. На практике оценка устойчивости разных элементов бизнеса чаще всего проводится обособленно друг от друга, без учета их взаимозависимости и взаимного влияния, что имеет негативные последствия для сбалансированности стратегических целей развития предприятия. В статье предложено использование «сквозного» подхода при оценке устойчивости базовых детерминант и их интеграции с глобальными целями устойчивого развития. Структурированно описан и проиллюстрирован поэлементный состав предлагаемой авторами комплексной системы детерминант (КСД) и трехуровневой схемы связи КСД с глобальными целями устойчивого развития. На первом и втором уровнях — глобальные цели устойчивого развития, сгруппированные по их направленности (экономические, экологические, социальные). Третьим внутренним уровнем (ядром) схемы является хозяйствующий субъект с набором детерминант, подлежащих оценке их устойчивости к внешним и внутренним воздействиям. Сформулированы преимущества интеграции целей устойчивого развития в бизнес-стратегии предприятий, обеспечивающие успешность деятельности хозяйствующего субъекта.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: MARGARITA Melnik;

    The article describes the major stages and the evolution of the research in the sphere of sustainability of economic entities (units), defines the relationship between sustainable development and changes in the key elements of an organization’s business processes, identifies the peculiarities of sustainable development of economic units belonging to different levels and their interdependence. The author analyses the basic approaches to giving definitions of sustainability in political economy, system analysis and in applied economics, singles out their similarities and objective differences. The article mainly focuses on defining sustainability ofa business entity as a primary element of national economy. It compares major features and factors of ensuring the sustainability including the consistency of strategic changes in different elements of production and business processes, monitoring of changes in close and distant environment of an economic entity, using the best practices of business partners, the analysis of support of long-term innovations by current changes which ensure the elimination of losses and sustainable cost reduction on the basis of resource-efficient development. Special emphasis is put on integration factors of ensuring the sustainability. The author proves that to ensure the sustainability consistent changes resulting in a synergistic effect are required.

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  • Развитие китайской экономики за последние 20 лет обусловлено ростом промышленности «Поднебесной», что сразу повлекло за собой рост потребности Китая в энергетических ресурсах. В 2003 г. по объемам потребляемой энергии Китайская Народная Республика вышла на второе место в мире, заняв позицию между США и Японией [1]. Собственных топливных ресурсов КНР уже недостаточно для запросов его развивающейся промышленности; поэтому с 1993 г. Китай начал импортировать нефть. Основными источниками оставался уголь и собственные ограниченные ресурсы углеводород, которые не способны покрыть местный спрос. В 2014 г. объем импорта нефти в КНР составил примерно 310 млн. тонн, а к 2030 г. удельный вес импортируемой нефти увеличится с нынешних на 80% [2]. Китайский импорт сырой нефти после США, занимает второе место в мире. Зависимость Китая от иностранной нефти достигла 59% в 2013 году, в то время как зависимость США не превышает 46,3%. Таким образом, в 2014 году импорт и экспорт ситуации из-за неочищенной нефти в Китае, особенно во второй половине обуславливает падение цен на нефть. Поэтому развитие торговых связей с КНР в топливно-энергетическом аспекте является ключевой ролью развития как самого Китая, так стран экспортеров. Количество последних, в условиях современных геополитических реалиях, будет очень сильно колебаться. Over the past 20 years, China’s economic growth is associated with the expansion of the industrial sector with the resultant increase in energy demand. In 2003, the Peoples Republic of China ranked second in terms of energy consumption behind the United States and ahead of Japan [1]. Domestic fuel supplies are no longer sufficient to satisfy the rising demand of the industrial sector; hence, in 1993, China began to import crude petroleum. Major energy sources are coal and scarce domestic hydrocarbon resources, which cannot meet the local demand. In 2014, China imported about 310 million tons of oil. By 2030, crude oil imports will rise by 80% [2]. China is now the second-largest importer of crude oil in the world after the United States. China's oil import dependence has reached 59% in 2013 while US import dependence does not exceed 46.3%. Therefore, the development of energy relations with China will contribute significantly to the economic growth of China and oil exporting countries. Contemporary geopolitical environment will lead to substantial fluctuations in the number of oil exporting countries.

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    Authors: I. S. Glushankova; E. V. Kalinina; E. N. Demina;

    The purification of industrial and surface wastewater from heavy metal ions (HMI) to requirements for the discharge of treated wastewater into natural waters is one of the most complicated environmental and technological problems. For the deep purification of waste water from the HMI, the use of cheap sorbents obtained from production waste is the most promising. One of the many-tonnage wastes of technology of inorganic substances is the sludge formed in the production of soda by the ammonia Solvay, s method. Currently, sludge is stored in sludge accumulators and is a long-term source of pollution of environmental objects. Scientific developments in the utilization of slimes with the production of building materials, etc., have not found wide practical use, which is due to the heterogeneity of the granulometric and chemical composition of the waste. Carried out X-ray phase analysis and studies of the physicochemical and chemical properties of waste samples showed that its main components are calcium carbonate (calcite) and calcium hydroxide (portlandite). It is known that the natural mineral limestone efficiently extracts HMI from aqueous solutions with the formation of less soluble basic salts, carbonates, and hydroxy carbonates of HM. It has been established that sludge samples have high sorption activity when copper(II) and zinc ions are extracted from low concentrated solutions (sorption capacity for copper ions is 35.0 mg/g, sorption capacity for zinc ions is 40 mg/g). To increase the operational properties, a method has been developed for the production of a modified granular sorbent based on the sludge of soda production, consisting in treating with sodium silicate. The effect of a dose of sodium silicate in the sorbent composition on the mechanical strength and sorption properties of the obtained samples was studied. It has been established that the introduction of 8,6% SiO2 into the sludge leads to an increase in the mechanical strength by 50–80%, and does not have a significant effect on the sorption activity of the material. The kinetic and sorption regularities of extraction of copper(II) ions and zinc on modified sorbents are revealed. Based on the analysis of the adsorption isotherms obtained, the adsorption equilibrium constants and maximum adsorption values (Amax (Cu2+) = 50.8 mg/g; Amax (Zn2+) = 97.1 mg/g) were determined. Obtained sorption materials can be recommended for wastewater treatment from HMI.

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    Theoretical and Applied Ecology
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Theoretical and Applied Ecology
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  • Environment is a generalized concept that characterizes the natural conditions of a certain area and its ecological state. In order to assess the harm from greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of their impact on the environment. Currently, greenhouse gas emissions and their regulation are one of the global problems of industrial enterprises that undertake and implement various approaches and mechanisms to address the negative impact of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Окружающая среда - обобщённое понятие, характеризующее природные условия некоторой местности и её экологическое состояние. Для того чтобы оценить вред от эмиссии парниковых газов, необходимо разобраться в самом механизме воздействия их на окружающую среду. В настоящее время выбросы парниковых газов и их регулирование являются одной из глобальных проблем промышленных предприятий, которые предпринимают и внедряют различные подходы и механизмы для решения негативного влияния выбросов в атмосферу. Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 6 (155) 2023, Pages 260-267

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    В статье обоснована необходимость развития возобновляемых источников энергии, где наиболее перспективным направлением определено строительство солнечных электростанций. Проведен анализ существующих мощностей на основе возобновляемой энергии в рамках всего Мирового хозяйства за последние годы, при этом установлены основные направления инновационного развития солнечной энергетики. По результатам исследования было выявлено наличие активной инновационной деятельности в области солнечной энергетики, определены основные ее преимущества как относительно традиционных способов выработки энергии, так и прочих возобновляемых источников энергии. Данное исследование позволило сделать вывод, что регулярному использованию экологически чистых источников энергии препятствуют существенные материальные затраты. The article substantiates the necessity in developing renewable energy sources, where the construction of solar power plants are considered the most promising direction. The study conducts an analysis of the existing capacities based on renewable energy in the entire world economy in recent years, while also establishing the main directions of innovative development of solar energy. The results of the study determine the presence of active innovative activities in the field of solar energy, identifies its main advantages both in relation to traditional methods of energy generation and other renewable energy sources. This study allowed the authors to conclude that the regular use of environmentally friendly energy sources is hindered by significant material costs. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 6 (108) 2021, Pages 129-131

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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  • Данная работа посвящена разработке концепции энергоснабжения индивидуального дома с нулевым потреблением энергии, учитывающей климатические показатели района строительства. Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: 1. Систематизация и анализ существующих исследований в области объектов энергоэффективного жилищного строительства. 2. Оценка возобновляемых источников энергии, таких как солнечная, ветровая, воздушная и геотермальная энергетика. 3. Разработка процедуры подбора эффективной системы энергоснабжения пассивного дома. 4. Проверка алгоритма подбора эффективной системы энергоснабжения пассивного дома в России. 5. Определение экономических показателей системы энергоснабжения индивидуального дома с нулевым потреблением энергии для каждого из трех выбранных регионов. Проанализировав существующие концепции энергоэффективных домов и использование возобновляемых источников энергии на территории России, было решено, что необходимо предложить такую концепцию энергоснабжения пассивного дома, которая включает в себя совместную работу геотермального насоса и солнечных панелей. На основании оценки эффективности солнечной и геотермальной энергетики был разработан алгоритм побора эффективной системы энергоснабжения дома с нулевым потреблением энергии. Далее была произведена проверка алгоритма побора эффективной системы энергоснабжения пассивного дома для трех выбранных регионов, расположенных в России. С помощью сайта Photovoltaic geographical information system были выбраны три города, где наиболее оптимально устанавливать солнечные панели: Владивосток, Иркутск и Петропавловск-Камчатский. Для частных домов c площадью отапливаемых помещений 90 м2, расположенных во Владивостоке, Иркутске и Петропавловске-Камчатском была подобрана геотермальная и солнечная установка, а также рассчитана стоимость данного оборудования и его сроки окупаемости. Кроме того, было определено экономически оптимальное количество солнечных панелей для трех рассматриваемых городов. This work is devoted to the development of the concept of energy supply for an individual house with zero energy consumption, taking into account the climatic indicators of the construction area. The research set the following goals: 1. Systematization and analysis of existing research in the field of energy efficient housing construction. 2. Assessment of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, air and geothermal energy. 3. Development of a procedure for selecting an efficient power supply system for a passive house. 4. Checking the algorithm for selecting an efficient power supply system for a passive house in Russia. 5. Determination of economic indicators of the energy supply system of an individual house with zero energy consumption for each of the three selected regions. After analyzing the existing concepts of energy efficient houses and the use of renewable energy sources in Russia, it was decided to propose such a concept for the energy supply of a passive house, which includes the combined work of a geothermal pump and solar panels. Based on the evaluation of the efficiency of solar and geothermal energy, an algorithm for selecting an efficient energy supply system for a house with zero energy consumption was developed. Next, the algorithm for selecting an efficient power supply system for a passive house was tested for three selected regions located in Russia. With the Photovoltaic geographical information system website, three cities were selected where it is most optimal to install solar panels: Vladivostok, Irkutsk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. For private houses with a heated area of 90 m2, located in Vladivostok, Irkutsk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, a geothermal and solar installation was selected, and the cost of this equipment and its payback period were calculated. In addition, the economically optimal number of solar panels for the three cities under consideration was determined.

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  • The article conducts research and development of methodological apparatus, assessing the level of sustainability of the regional transport and logistics infrastructure. The article indicates that the most important indicator when organizing transport and logistics support will be the indicator of its level of sustainability. The issue of transport and logistics sustainability related to the peculiarities of improving regional socio-economic infrastructure, including the implementation of regional infrastructure projects, is also emphasized. В статье проводятся исследования и разработка методического аппарата, оценки уровня устойчивости региональной транспортно-логистической инфраструктуры. В статье указывается, что наиболее важное значение при организации транспортно-логистического обеспечения будет иметь показатель его уровня устойчивости. Также акцентируется проблематика транспортно-логистической устойчивости связанная с особенностями совершенствования региональной социально-экономической инфраструктуры, в том числе при реализации региональных инфраструктурных проектов. Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 10 (159) 2023, Pages 672-675

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  • The uneven production and consumption of oil in the world economy continues to grow, with demand and supply for products increasingly shifting to developing countries. The Asia-Pacific region and the countries of Southeast Asia, in the medium term, will become a key center in world oil refining, which is associated with high rates of economic growth, population growth and the fleet of vehicles in the countries of the region. Under the influence of the main trends in the development of the world oil market, as well as due to the policies of developed countries aimed at the application of environmental and energy-efficient technologies, the structure of production of oil products in the world is gradually changing. So, in this regard, the demand for light and medium distillates and LNG is growing in the Asia-Pacific countries, and the demand for heavy is falling. According to experts, gas demand will grow faster than oil. The key drivers of this growth are environmental friendliness and low cost in comparison to other fossil fuels. In Asia and the Middle East, gas generation will replace coal and oil, respectively. Gas consumption will grow, another driver of the growth of generating gas capacities is the fears of many countries about the safety and reliability of the nuclear power industry. In addition to the electric power industry, due to population growth, gas consumption in the housing sector and industry will increase. The Middle East, the only major producer of low-cost oil, will remain the center of global oil production in the long run. Неравномерность производства и потребления нефти в мировой экономике продолжает нарастать, спрос и предложение на продукцию всё более смещается в развивающиеся страны. Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион и страны Юго-Восточной Азии, в среднесрочной перспективе, станут ключевым центром в мировой нефтепереработке, что связано с высокими темпами роста экономики, прироста населения и парка транспортных средств в странах региона. Под влиянием основных тенденций развития мирового рынка нефти, а также вследствие политики развитых стран, направленных на применение экологических и энергоэффективных технологий, структура производства потребления продукции нефтепереработки в мире постепенно изменяется. Так, в связи с этим в странах АТР растёт спрос на легкие и средние дистилляты и СПГ, а спрос на тяжелые падает. По оценкам экспертов спрос на газ будет расти быстрее, чем на нефть. Ключевыми факторами этого роста стали экологичность и низкая стоимость относительно других ископаемых видов топлива. В Азии и на Ближнем Востоке газовая генерация будет заменять угольную и нефтяную соответственно. Потребление газа будет расти, еще один драйвер роста генерирующих газовых мощностей - опасения многих стран по поводу безопасности и надежности атомной электроэнергетики. Помимо электроэнергетики, в связи с ростом населения будут расти объемы потребления газа в секторе ЖКХ и промышленности. Ближний Восток, единственный крупный производитель недорогой нефти, в долгосрочной перспективе останется центром мировой нефтедобычи ВОПРОСЫ СТРУКТУРИЗАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ, Выпуск 4 (79) 2020, Pages 102-106

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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Научно-исследовательский институт с энергоэффективными ограждающими конструкциями». Цель выпускной квалификационной работы: разработать проект геологического научно-исследовательского института, подобрать наиболее оптимальную с энергетической и экономической точки зрения ограждающую конструкцию. Задачи, решаемые в ходе работы: 1. Разработка разделов проектной документации в соответствии с Постановлением Правительства РФ от 16 февраля 2008 г. â„– 87 «О составе разделов проектной документации и требованиях к их содержанию»; 2. Разработка энергетической модели здания (BEM) с ограждающими конструкциями â„–1; 3. Разработка энергетической модели здания (BEM) с ограждающими конструкциями â„–2; 4. Разработка энергетической модели здания (BEM) с ограждающими конструкциями â„–3; 5. Теплотехнический расчет и расчет теплопотерь; 6. Экономический анализ; Поставленные задачи решались при помощи информационного и энергетического моделирования в ПК Revit. Разработана документация на проектируемый объект, а также энергетическая модель здания (BEM) с разными ограждающими конструкциями, подобрана оптимальная с точки зрения энергетической эффективности и экономической целесообразности использования ограждающая конструкция для здания НИИ – ограждающая стена «мокрый фасад». Theme of final qualification work: "Research Institute with energy-efficient building envelopes." The purpose of the final qualification work: to develop a project of a geological research institute, to select the most optimal building envelope from an energy and economic point of view. Tasks solved in the course of work: 1. Development of sections of project documentation in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87 «On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content»; 2. Development of the energy model of the building (BEM) with building envelope No.1; 3. Development of the energy model of the building (BEM) with building envelope No.2; 4. Development of the energy model of the building (BEM) with building envelope No.3; 5. Thermotechnical calculation and calculation of heat loss; 6. Economic analysis. The tasks were solved using information and energy modeling in Revit PC. The documentation for the projected object, as well as the energy model of the building (BEM) with various building envelopes, was developed, and the optimal building envelope for the building of the research institute, the “wet facade” wall, was selected in terms of energy efficiency and economic feasibility.

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  • Authors: Gorshkova, Ludmila; Sandulyak, Svetlana;

    In the current situation associated with the onset of the widespread economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, when production, financial markets, consumer demand for goods and services stopped at the same time, the concept of maintaining and developing business sustainability is becoming increasingly relevant. With fewer losses, those enterprises that can build viable business models in a timely manner have a chance to overcome the crisis. Orientation of organizations’ development strategies to the global sustainable development goals adopted by the global business community provides significant benefits for companies and increases business stability. Studies by international consultants show that Russian companies have not yet developed a full understanding of the importance and necessity of using sustainable development goals in their strategic and operational plans. The authors of the article consider five determinants that form, according to the authors, a complex system: intellectual; financial, informational, environmental and situational sustainability. The paper presents a brief description of the identified determinants and analyzes the research results of foreign and domestic scientists. It provides individual indicators, criteria, tools and methods for assessing the stability of each determinant and identifies problem areas. In practice, the assessment of the sustainability of different elements of a business is most often carried out separately from each other without taking into account their interdependence and mutual influence, which has negative consequences for balancing the strategic goals of the enterprise. The article proposes the use of a “cross-cutting” approach in assessing the sustainability of basic determinants and their integration with the global goals of sustainable development. The authors propose an element-by-element composition of the complex system of determinants (CSD), as well as describe and illustrate the three-level scheme of the relationship between the CSD and the global sustainable development goals in a structured way. The first and second levels represent global goals of sustainable development, grouped by their focus (economic, environmental, social). The third internal level (core) of the scheme is an economic entity with a set of determinants to be evaluated for their resistance to external and internal influences. The article lists the advantages of the integration of sustainable development goals in the business strategy of enterprises, which ensure the success of the business entity. В текущей ситуации, связанной с наступлением широкомасштабного экономического кризиса, вызванного коронавирусной пандемией, когда одновременно остановились производство, финансовые рынки, потребительский спрос на товары и услуги, концепция сохранения и развития устойчивости бизнеса становится все более актуальной. С меньшими потерями имеют шанс выйти из кризиса те предприятия, которые смогут своевременно выстроить модели жизнеспособного бизнеса. Ориентация стратегий развития организаций на глобальные цели устойчивого развития, принятые мировым бизнес-сообществом, дает существенные преимущества для компаний и повышает стабильность бизнеса. Исследования международных консультантов показывают, что у российских компаний еще не сформировано полноценного понимания важности и необходимости использования целей устойчивого развития в своих стратегических и операционных планах. Авторами статьи рассматривается пять детерминант, образующих, по мнению авторов, комплексную систему: интеллектуальная; финансовая, информационная, экологическая и ситуационная устойчивость. Дается краткая характеристика выделенных детерминант, анализируются результаты исследований зарубежных и отечественных ученых, приводятся отдельные показатели, критерии, инструменты и методы для оценки устойчивости каждой детерминанты, а также идентифицируются проблемные области. На практике оценка устойчивости разных элементов бизнеса чаще всего проводится обособленно друг от друга, без учета их взаимозависимости и взаимного влияния, что имеет негативные последствия для сбалансированности стратегических целей развития предприятия. В статье предложено использование «сквозного» подхода при оценке устойчивости базовых детерминант и их интеграции с глобальными целями устойчивого развития. Структурированно описан и проиллюстрирован поэлементный состав предлагаемой авторами комплексной системы детерминант (КСД) и трехуровневой схемы связи КСД с глобальными целями устойчивого развития. На первом и втором уровнях — глобальные цели устойчивого развития, сгруппированные по их направленности (экономические, экологические, социальные). Третьим внутренним уровнем (ядром) схемы является хозяйствующий субъект с набором детерминант, подлежащих оценке их устойчивости к внешним и внутренним воздействиям. Сформулированы преимущества интеграции целей устойчивого развития в бизнес-стратегии предприятий, обеспечивающие успешность деятельности хозяйствующего субъекта.

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    Authors: MARGARITA Melnik;

    The article describes the major stages and the evolution of the research in the sphere of sustainability of economic entities (units), defines the relationship between sustainable development and changes in the key elements of an organization’s business processes, identifies the peculiarities of sustainable development of economic units belonging to different levels and their interdependence. The author analyses the basic approaches to giving definitions of sustainability in political economy, system analysis and in applied economics, singles out their similarities and objective differences. The article mainly focuses on defining sustainability ofa business entity as a primary element of national economy. It compares major features and factors of ensuring the sustainability including the consistency of strategic changes in different elements of production and business processes, monitoring of changes in close and distant environment of an economic entity, using the best practices of business partners, the analysis of support of long-term innovations by current changes which ensure the elimination of losses and sustainable cost reduction on the basis of resource-efficient development. Special emphasis is put on integration factors of ensuring the sustainability. The author proves that to ensure the sustainability consistent changes resulting in a synergistic effect are required.

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  • Развитие китайской экономики за последние 20 лет обусловлено ростом промышленности «Поднебесной», что сразу повлекло за собой рост потребности Китая в энергетических ресурсах. В 2003 г. по объемам потребляемой энергии Китайская Народная Республика вышла на второе место в мире, заняв позицию между США и Японией [1]. Собственных топливных ресурсов КНР уже недостаточно для запросов его развивающейся промышленности; поэтому с 1993 г. Китай начал импортировать нефть. Основными источниками оставался уголь и собственные ограниченные ресурсы углеводород, которые не способны покрыть местный спрос. В 2014 г. объем импорта нефти в КНР составил примерно 310 млн. тонн, а к 2030 г. удельный вес импортируемой нефти увеличится с нынешних на 80% [2]. Китайский импорт сырой нефти после США, занимает второе место в мире. Зависимость Китая от иностранной нефти достигла 59% в 2013 году, в то время как зависимость США не превышает 46,3%. Таким образом, в 2014 году импорт и экспорт ситуации из-за неочищенной нефти в Китае, особенно во второй половине обуславливает падение цен на нефть. Поэтому развитие торговых связей с КНР в топливно-энергетическом аспекте является ключевой ролью развития как самого Китая, так стран экспортеров. Количество последних, в условиях современных геополитических реалиях, будет очень сильно колебаться. Over the past 20 years, China’s economic growth is associated with the expansion of the industrial sector with the resultant increase in energy demand. In 2003, the Peoples Republic of China ranked second in terms of energy consumption behind the United States and ahead of Japan [1]. Domestic fuel supplies are no longer sufficient to satisfy the rising demand of the industrial sector; hence, in 1993, China began to import crude petroleum. Major energy sources are coal and scarce domestic hydrocarbon resources, which cannot meet the local demand. In 2014, China imported about 310 million tons of oil. By 2030, crude oil imports will rise by 80% [2]. China is now the second-largest importer of crude oil in the world after the United States. China's oil import dependence has reached 59% in 2013 while US import dependence does not exceed 46.3%. Therefore, the development of energy relations with China will contribute significantly to the economic growth of China and oil exporting countries. Contemporary geopolitical environment will lead to substantial fluctuations in the number of oil exporting countries.

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    Authors: I. S. Glushankova; E. V. Kalinina; E. N. Demina;

    The purification of industrial and surface wastewater from heavy metal ions (HMI) to requirements for the discharge of treated wastewater into natural waters is one of the most complicated environmental and technological problems. For the deep purification of waste water from the HMI, the use of cheap sorbents obtained from production waste is the most promising. One of the many-tonnage wastes of technology of inorganic substances is the sludge formed in the production of soda by the ammonia Solvay, s method. Currently, sludge is stored in sludge accumulators and is a long-term source of pollution of environmental objects. Scientific developments in the utilization of slimes with the production of building materials, etc., have not found wide practical use, which is due to the heterogeneity of the granulometric and chemical composition of the waste. Carried out X-ray phase analysis and studies of the physicochemical and chemical properties of waste samples showed that its main components are calcium carbonate (calcite) and calcium hydroxide (portlandite). It is known that the natural mineral limestone efficiently extracts HMI from aqueous solutions with the formation of less soluble basic salts, carbonates, and hydroxy carbonates of HM. It has been established that sludge samples have high sorption activity when copper(II) and zinc ions are extracted from low concentrated solutions (sorption capacity for copper ions is 35.0 mg/g, sorption capacity for zinc ions is 40 mg/g). To increase the operational properties, a method has been developed for the production of a modified granular sorbent based on the sludge of soda production, consisting in treating with sodium silicate. The effect of a dose of sodium silicate in the sorbent composition on the mechanical strength and sorption properties of the obtained samples was studied. It has been established that the introduction of 8,6% SiO2 into the sludge leads to an increase in the mechanical strength by 50–80%, and does not have a significant effect on the sorption activity of the material. The kinetic and sorption regularities of extraction of copper(II) ions and zinc on modified sorbents are revealed. Based on the analysis of the adsorption isotherms obtained, the adsorption equilibrium constants and maximum adsorption values (Amax (Cu2+) = 50.8 mg/g; Amax (Zn2+) = 97.1 mg/g) were determined. Obtained sorption materials can be recommended for wastewater treatment from HMI.

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    Theoretical and Applied Ecology
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Theoretical and Applied Ecology
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  • Environment is a generalized concept that characterizes the natural conditions of a certain area and its ecological state. In order to assess the harm from greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of their impact on the environment. Currently, greenhouse gas emissions and their regulation are one of the global problems of industrial enterprises that undertake and implement various approaches and mechanisms to address the negative impact of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Окружающая среда - обобщённое понятие, характеризующее природные условия некоторой местности и её экологическое состояние. Для того чтобы оценить вред от эмиссии парниковых газов, необходимо разобраться в самом механизме воздействия их на окружающую среду. В настоящее время выбросы парниковых газов и их регулирование являются одной из глобальных проблем промышленных предприятий, которые предпринимают и внедряют различные подходы и механизмы для решения негативного влияния выбросов в атмосферу. Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 6 (155) 2023, Pages 260-267

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    В статье обоснована необходимость развития возобновляемых источников энергии, где наиболее перспективным направлением определено строительство солнечных электростанций. Проведен анализ существующих мощностей на основе возобновляемой энергии в рамках всего Мирового хозяйства за последние годы, при этом установлены основные направления инновационного развития солнечной энергетики. По результатам исследования было выявлено наличие активной инновационной деятельности в области солнечной энергетики, определены основные ее преимущества как относительно традиционных способов выработки энергии, так и прочих возобновляемых источников энергии. Данное исследование позволило сделать вывод, что регулярному использованию экологически чистых источников энергии препятствуют существенные материальные затраты. The article substantiates the necessity in developing renewable energy sources, where the construction of solar power plants are considered the most promising direction. The study conducts an analysis of the existing capacities based on renewable energy in the entire world economy in recent years, while also establishing the main directions of innovative development of solar energy. The results of the study determine the presence of active innovative activities in the field of solar energy, identifies its main advantages both in relation to traditional methods of energy generation and other renewable energy sources. This study allowed the authors to conclude that the regular use of environmentally friendly energy sources is hindered by significant material costs. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 6 (108) 2021, Pages 129-131

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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