• Energy Research
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Green certificate is the green attribute of renewable energy generation. At present, voluntary green certificate purchase has been carried out in China. This paper firstly analyses the background and key points of green certificate policy in China. Secondly, it studies the implement situation and existing problems of green certificate transaction. Then, combining the new requirements of grid parity and renewables portfolio standards (RPS) policy, this paper proposes "2+2+2+3" green certificate trading mode in China, and establishes green certificate trading volume evaluation model. Evaluation result shows that the green certificate trading volume in State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) business area in 2019 is 4.8 TWh.

In this work, two heuristic techniques used to reduce the number of simulations of lightning-induced voltages, which are required to assess the lightning performance of distribution lines according to the Monte Carlo methodology, are presented. The first uses the Rusck Formula to discard the events that do not cause damage to the line. The second is based on a multi-nonlinear regression of the previously simulated events. Both techniques were applied to estimate the flashover rate of straight and complex lines above flat ground with finite conductivities. As a result, between 80 \% to 90 \% of the total number of simulations were eliminated with a reduced error.

Purpose This paper aims to study the corrosion inhibition behavior of imidazopyridine and its three derivatives on brass. Design/methodology/approach The authors performed weight loss experiments, electrochemical experiments including the polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectrum, corrosion morphology observation using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) and surface composition analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the corrosion inhibition behavior of imidazopyridine and its three derivatives on brass by using quantum chemical calculation (Gaussian 09), molecular dynamics simulation (M-S) and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Findings According to the results, imidazole-pyridine and its derivatives were found to be modest or moderately mixed corrosion inhibitors; moreover, they were spontaneously adsorbed on the metal surface in a single-layer, mixed adsorption mode. Originality/value The corrosion inhibition properties of pyrazolo-[1,2-a]pyridine and its derivatives on brass in sulfuric acid solution were analyzed through weight loss and electrochemical experiments. Moreover, SEM and AFM were simultaneously used to observe the corrosion appearance. Furthermore, XPS was used to analyze the surface. Then, Gaussian 09 and M-S were combined along with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm to investigate the corrosion inhibition mechanism of imidazole-[1,2-a]pyridine and its derivatives.

To determine the potential for improving biomass enzymolysis, a combined oxidization and liquid ammonia pretreatment (OD-LAT) was employed for bamboo. The effects of oxidant, bamboo ages, and species on the pretreatment effectiveness and subsequent enzymolysis were studied. Under the optimal OD-LAT pretreatment and enzymolysis of the B-NA bamboo Neosinocalamus affinis, the glucan and xylan conversion reached 83.85% and 78.66%, respectively, and approximately 59.7-68.5 g of fermentable sugars can be produced per 100 g of dry bamboo, which was an approximately 5-8 fold increase compared with untreated sample. The H2O2 loading of 1.0 was the optimal oxidant dosage for the OD-LAT process. The OD-LAT pretreatment was only suitable for bamboo under three-year-old, and it significantly improved the enzymolysis of B-NA and B-BM, while it was limited to B-DO and B-PP. The pretreatment effects of bamboo were not only related to composition but also to the bamboo age, species, macro-structures and micro-structures.