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  • Energy Research
  • 13. Climate action
  • 12. Responsible consumption
  • Russian

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dmitry Yu. Malyshev; Semen V. Syrodoy;

    One of the most pressing problems of our time is environmental safety. The pollution of the Earth’s atmosphere in recent decades is caused by work at thermal power plants burning coal in the territories of the most popular states (USA, China, India, etc.). The use of a new class of fuel – bio-water-coal – can significantly reduce emissions of man-made gases, generated during combustion of coal in the furnaces of steam and hot water boilers, into the Earth’s atmosphere, expand the raw materials base of the modern thermal power plants and increase the resource efficiency of coal-fired power systems. The aim of the research is to study the influence of the concentration composition on the integral characteristics of ignition of the drops of the biohydrocarbon fuels under high-temperature heating. Object: a water-coal suspension based on brand T coal, water and spruce needles. In the course of the experimental studies, the following mass concentrations of coal and biomass were considered 50/0 %, 45/5 %, 40/10 %, 35/15 %, respectively (50 % – water). Method: experimental determination using the high-speed Photron FASTCAM CA4 video camera of the temporal characteristics of ignition of drops of the bio-water-coal suspensions under conditions corresponding to the heating intensity of the combustion chambers of the steam and hot water boilers; registration of medium temperature using chromel-alumel thermocouples. Results. The effect of mass concentration of forest combustible material on ignition delay times (tign) of water-coal fuels has been established. It was shown that when the fuel composition contains 15 % of biomass, the ignition delay times are reduced by more than three times compared with water-coal fuel without adding biomass at relatively low temperatures of the combustion medium. The results of experimental studies are also the basis for development of combustion models of liquid composite fuels.

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    The modern urban policy sets rather complex challenges connected with simultaneous depreciation of finished goods, works acceleration, improvement of design decisions, and also with improvement of quality, reliability and availability of housing for construction branch. Standard constructive solutions of elements now in use of the building are rather well studied and have an application vast experience in housing construction. In the Republic of Bashkortostan the greatest distribution was gained by constructive solutions of elements of the building, classical for mass housing construction, in particular, standard options of overlappings and coverings from monolithic and precast concrete concern to them. Well-known shortcomings of these versions of decisions can be compensated, realizing overlappings from assembly and monolithic the keramzitobetonnykh of blocks, to conforming all requirements for reliability and the heat-shielding allowing to receive the qualitative bearing building element with an optimum level of expenses and time in climatic conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The proposed solutions will allow to reduce costs of 1 sq.m of overlapping to 1,5 2 times, to lose volume weight to 1,5-2 times of rather classical options from monolithic and precast concrete. The given results of the technical and economic analysis of the recommended options of overlappings (coverings) show their high efficiency and availability to projects of housing construction, including to the socially oriented housing financed from budgets of all levels. Современная градостроительная политика ставит перед строительной отраслью достаточно сложные задачи, связанные с одновременным снижением стоимости готовой продукции, ускорением производства работ, совершенствованием проектных решений, а также с повышением качества, надежности и доступности жилья. Используемые в настоящее время типовые конструктивные решения элементов здания достаточно хорошо изучены и имеют богатый опыт применения в жилищном строительстве. В Республике Башкортостан наибольшее распространение получили классические для массового жилищного строительства конструктивные решения элементов здания, в частности, к ним относятся типовые варианты перекрытий и покрытий из монолитного и сборного железобетона. Хорошо известные недостатки этих вариантов решений можно компенсировать, реализуя перекрытия из сборно-монолитных керамзитобетонных блоков, позволяющие получать качественный несущий элемент здания с оптимальным уровнем затрат и времени, соответствующие всем требованиям по надежности и теплозащиты в природно-климатических условиях Республики Башкортостан. Предлагаемые решения позволят сократить затраты на 1 м 2 перекрытия до 1,5 - 2 раз, снизить объемный вес до 1,5-2 раз относительно классических вариантов из монолитного и сборного железобетона. Приведенные результаты технико-экономического анализа рекомендованных вариантов перекрытий (покрытий) показывают их высокую эффективность и доступность для проектов жилищного строительства, в том числе для социально-ориентированного жилья, финансируемого из бюджетов всех уровней.

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  • Россия обладает огромными ресурсами для перехода к зеленой экономике: человеческими, материальными, технологическими и природными. Зеленая экономика рассматривается в контексте борьбы с глобальным изменением климата и перспективного направления выхода из финансово-экономического кризиса. Для зеленого экономического роста в России приоритетной является инновационная модернизация минерально-сырьевого и топливно-энергетического комплексов, сохраняющими ключевую роль в обеспечении устойчивости социально-экономического развития и национальной безопасности страны. Russia has huge resources for the transition to a green economy: human, material, technological and natural. The green economy is considered in the context of the fight against global climate change and a promising way out of the financial and economic crisis. For green economic growth in Russia, the priority is the innovative modernization of the mineral and fuel and energy complexes, which retain a key role in ensuring the sustainability of socio-economic development and national security of the country. №2 (2020)

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  • Целью работы является анализ текущего состояния энергетической ситуации Японии и предложение вариантов эффективного развития альтернативных источников энергии в целях уменьшения уровня зависимости страны от импорта природных ресурсов. Были решены следующие задачи: - Провести обзор текущего состояния альтернативных источников энергии в Японии и их вклада в общий энергетический баланс. - Оценить техническую и экономическую целесообразность различных альтернативных источников энергии в Японии. - Определить экологические и социальные преимущества альтернативных источников энергии в Японии. - Оценить политические рамки и механизмы поддержки развития альтернативной энергетики в Японии. - Предоставить рекомендации по будущему развитию и внедрению альтернативных источников энергии в Японии. Актуальность темы обусловлена отсутствием возможности обеспечивать энергосеть страны за счет внутренних природных источников энергии и сильная зависимость от импорта энергоносителей, значительно влияющей на экономику страны. Источниками информации выступили данные отечественной и зарубежной научно-исследовательской литературы, официальных Интернет-ресурсов и аналитических агентств. Результатом исследования стал анализ современного подхода к развитию систем альтернативной энергетики, оценка потенциальных выгод от внедрения аналогичных подходов в Японии и основных преимуществ координации между странами, развивающими альтернативную энергетику на своих территориях. Был представлен наиболее устойчивый способ реализации перехода к энергосистеме P2P. The purpose of the work is to analyze the current state of Japan’s energy situation and propose options for the effective development of alternative energy sources in order to reduce the country’s dependence on imports of natural resources. The following tasks were solved: - To review the current state of alternative energy sources in Japan and their contribution to the overall energy mix. - To evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of various alternative energy sources in Japan. - To identify the environmental and social benefits of alternative energy sources in Japan. - To assess the policy framework and support mechanisms for alternative energy development in Japan. - To provide recommendations for the future development and implementation of alternative energy sources in Japan. The relevance of the topic is due to the lack of the ability to provide the country’s energy grid at the expense of domestic natural energy sources and a strong dependence on energy imports, which significantly affects the country’s economy. The sources of information were data from domestic and foreign research literature, official Internet resources and analytical agencies. The study resulted in analysis of modern alternative energy systems development approach, estimation of potential benefits of implementation similar approaches in Japan and main benefits of coordination between nations developing alternative energy on their territories. Еhe most sustainable way of implementation ща P2P energy grid transition was presented.

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  • Данная выпускная квалификационная работа выполнена на тему: «Краткосрочные и среднесрочные температурные циклы, и их влияние на эффективность использования возобновляемых источников энергии» и посвящена изучению основных краткосрочных и среднесрочных температурных циклов. Изучены и рассмотрены циклы солнечной и ледовой активности, выяснены их причины и последствия, также более подробно изучены температурные циклы Эль-Ниньо и Ла-Нинья. Дана оценка влияния температурных циклов на эффективность использования возобновляемых источников энергии. Проведен анализ возможных решений для увеличения эффективности использования возобновляемых источников энергии при изменении температурных условий. Дана оценка и прогноз современной природной ситуации с позиций концепции природной температурной цикличности. Ð’ результате изучения и рассмотрения было выяснено, что температурные циклы оказывают значительное влияние на эффективность использования возобновляемых источников энергии, и в следствие чего, необходимо учитывать эти факторы и принимать меры для оптимизации работы системы при разработке новых проектов. Выяснено, что дальнейшие исследования в этой области могут способствовать развитию более эффективных и устойчивых источников энергии, что является важным шагом на пути к устойчивому развитию нашей планеты. Solar and ice activity cycles were studied and analyzed, their causes and consequences were determined, and the El Niño and La Niña temperature cycles were examined in more detail. An assessment was made of the impact of temperature cycles on the efficiency of using renewable energy sources. An analysis was conducted of possible solutions to increase the efficiency of using renewable energy sources when temperature conditions change. An evaluation and forecast of the current natural situation from the perspective of the concept of natural temperature cyclicality was given. As a result of the study, it was found that temperature cycles have a significant impact on the efficiency of using renewable energy sources, and as a result, these factors must be considered and measures taken to optimize system operation when developing new projects. It was found that further research in this area can contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable energy sources, which is an important step towards sustainable development of our planet.

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  • Цель исследования: Сформулировать предложения по совершенствованию системы управления устойчивым развитием электроэнергетики КНР. Исследование выполнялось на базе Государственной электросетевой корпорации КНР. Используемые данные обрабатывались с использованием MS Excel. Предмет исследования: управленческие процессы совершенствования системы управления развитием электроэнергетики КНР. Методы исследования: применялись общенаучные и специфические классификация, систематизация, сравнение, метод аналогий, прогнозирование. Основные результаты исследования: -Определено понятие системы управления развитием электроэнергетики и ее роль в обеспечении устойчивости экономики. в условиях новой экономики; -выявлены особенности существующей системы законодательно нормативных документов, определяющих развитие электроэнергетики КНР;-дана характеристика деятельности государственных регулирующих органов в электроэнергетике и текущих моделей управления отраслью; Область применения результатов ВКР: в деятельности энергетических компаний Китая. Научной новизной исследования является авторская формулировка рекомендаций по совершенствованию системы управления развитием электроэнергетики КНРдля обеспечения устойчивого функционирования электроэнергетики в условиях реформирования отрасли. Выводы. Задачи ВКРрешены, цель достигнута, определена область применения результатов. Полученные результаты обладают признаками научной новины. Обоснованы перспективы и направления дальнейшего исследования. The aim of the graduate qualification work: the develop recommendations for improving the management system for sustainable innovative development of the PRC electric power industry. The study was carried out on the materials of the State Electric Grid Corporation of the Peoples Republic of China. The data used was processed using MS Excel. Subject matter: management processes for improving the management system for the development of the PRC electric power industry. Research methods used: general scientific and specific classification, systematization, comparison, analogy method, forecasting were used. The main results of the graduate qualification work: - the essence of the concept of the management system for the development of the electric power industry and its role in ensuring the sustainable functioning of the PRC economy in the new economic conditions are defined;- the features of the existing system of legislative and regulatory documents that determine the development of the PRC electric power industry are revealed;- a description of the activities of state regulatory bodies in the electric power industry and current models of industry management is given;Application field: in the activities of energy companies in China. The scientific novelty of the study is the authors formulation of recommendations for improving the management system for the development of the PRC electric power industry to ensure the sustainable functioning of the electric power industry in the context of reforming the industry. Conclusions of graduate qualification work. The tasks of the WRC have been solved, the goal has been achieved, the scope of the results has been determined. The results obtained have signs of scientific novelty. Prospects and directions for further research are substantiated.

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    Authors: Stanislav O. Khomutov; Vladimir I. Polishchuk; Vasiliy I. Stashko;

    The relevance. Changes in geopolitics and conjuncture of the world energy markets, impact more and more the world economy, forcing not only to improve energy technologies, but also to determine the priorities of the state in the field of energy policy. One of these priorities is to increase generation from new types of renewable energy sources and rapid development of appropriate technologies, which, in their turn, provide cheaper production. At the same time, it is known that it is possible to increase the reliability of the power system and at the same time to increase the production of electricity at the expense of distributed energy, the basis of which is micro-generation from solar power plants. In this regard, additional research is needed to adapt the existing methods of calculation of photovoltaic systems to their use in development and construction of low-power solar power plants. The relevance is also caused by the fact that it is necessary to create the most effective and inexpensive system for converting solar energy into electrical energy, which would meet any given technical requirements, would be reliable and easy to operate. The main aim of the research is to develop an effective photovoltaic system and design an inexpensive microelectric solar power plant with specified parameters and technical characteristics for further experimental studies. The methods. When calculating and studying the main operation modes and structural elements of photovoltaic systems, the authors have used the results of numerous scientific studies, including applied research, and available experience in the field of solar energy, which was obtained in the performance of some theoretical and experimental work. DipTrace and EasyEDA systems were used in development and modeling of electronic circuits. The results. The authors substantiate the expediency of application of more simple methods to determine the probable or actual exposure with the use of the software PVsyst, with an error of no more than 10 %. They developed the technology for experimental production of photovoltaic modules of given geometric dimensions and nominal power and the reliable control system for a biaxial solar tracker due to the actuators, which increases the efficiency of photovoltaic systems in the latitudes of Western and South-Western Siberia. A block diagram for controling a micro-power solar power plant and electronic circuits of the MPPT solar controller, DC-DC Converter, DC-AC inverter, and the main control unit based on the ATmega326 microcontroller were designed.

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    Authors: Burdo O.G.; Gavrilov A.V.; Kashkano M.V.; Levtrynskaya Y.O.; +3 Authors

    The analysis of scientific works shows that the development of technology is ahead of the level of development of energy management. There are no clear comparisons of the energy efficiency of electrical technologies and heat technologies. Objective indicators of energy efficiency in various technologies of dehydration of raw materials not developed yet. In that article assumed that objective results for comparing energy efficiency in the processing of raw materials is obtained by the basis of system analysis of the entire energy conversion chain from fuel to finished product. The purpose of the work is experimentally proving the objectivity of this hypothesis. To achieve this goal, it is proposing to use the indicator of the energy share of fuel in the finished product and the amount of moisture removed when burning 1 kg of fuel, which does not depend on fluctuations in energy prices, which can vary and differ for different countries. The most important result of the work is the comparison of these parameters with the data for innovative equipment samples developed by the authors. The significance of the results obtained is that the evaporating devices developed by the authors are not inferior in efficiency to traditional ones, and make it possible to obtain concentrates up to 90 ° brix. Thus, for fuels with an oil equivalent of 40 MJ per 1 kg, traditional dryers can remove no more than 3 kg of moisture, cryoconcentrators – 20 kg.

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    �������������� ������������������������������ ����������������������, ������������������ ���� ��������������������������������������, �� ���������� �������������������� ������������������, ������������������������ �� �������������� ���������� ���������������������� ������������������ �� ���������������� ����������������������������, ������������ ���������� �������������������������� ���������� ������������. ���������� ���� ���������� ���������� ���������������� ���������������� ������������������������ �������������������������� �������������� ���������������������������� �������������������� �� ����������������������. �� ������������ ������������ ������������������������ �������������������� ������������������������ ���� ������������������������ ���������������� ������������ �������������������� ������������������������������ �������������������� (������������������), ���������������������� ���������������������������� �������������������� ������������������������������ �������������������������������������� ������������������ (������). �������� ���������������������� �������������� ������������������������������ �������������������������������������� ������������������. ���������������������� ��������������, ���������������� ���� ���������������������� �� ���������������� �������������������������� ������������������������������ ������ �� ������������������. ���������������������������� ����������������, �������������� �������������������� ������������������ ������ ����������������������������. ������ ������������������ ���������������������� �������������� ���������������� �������������������� ������������������������������ ��������������������, �������������������� �������������������������������� �� ���������������������������� �������������������� �������������� �� �������������������������������� ������ �� ������������������������������ ���������������� ��� ���� ���������������� �������������������������������� �� ����������������. The issues of environmental sustainability of architecture, increasing its energy efficiency, as well as global trends such as the format of a new circular economy and energy transition policy, pose new challenges to architects. One of such tasks is to study the possibilities of using alternative energy in architecture. This article presents the results of a study on the formation of a rating of buildings of various functional purposes (typology), reflecting the priority of using wind turbines. The article provides the definition of the concept of a wind turbine, examines the factors influencing the rationale and principles of the use of integrated wind turbines in construction, and formulates the criteria that must be taken into account during the design stage. As a result, the author forms a rating of objects of various functional purposes, reflecting the expediency and priority of using solutions with integrated wind turbines in the corresponding objects from the most preferred to the least. �������������������������� ������������-���������������������������������� ������������, ������������ 3 (117) 2022, Pages 81-85

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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  • Развиваются идеи о переводе экономики на новый (водородный) базис естественных производительных сил регионального развития в свете грядущей смены технологического уклада на основе прогресса в сфере наук о Земле и разработок инновационного транспорта и инфраструктуры второго уровня (на опорах). В пространственноэкономическом аспекте ведущая роль в этом отводится крупным (макрорегиональным) географическим системам с использованием их сравнительных преимуществ как естественных доминантных географических пространств с северным, а в целом меридиональным вектором освоения. С учетом ранее разработанного автором проекта Урарктика (УралАрктика) и природных ограничений в виде полигональных тундр и болот указывается на целесообразность развития на таких территориях природоподобных транспортных сетей типа Полярное кружево , а также связанных с ними мобильных поселений, адаптированных для нужд оленеводов, вахтовиков и других полевых работников. Особое внимание в плане построения перспективных экологоэнергетических экономических региональных стратегий озерных краев и углеводородных провинций уделяется появлению новых воззрений о дегазации недр Земли и связанного с этим повторного насыщения отработанных скважин, образования воронок и озоновых дыр, новых проявлений лимногенеза. Отмечена роль как перспективных природоподобных источников энергообеспечения соляных озер с парниковым эффектом. В плане своевременной научной проработки соответствующих перспективных технологий и систем предлагается ряд приоритетных академических мер для перевода экономики на новый технологический уклад. The article develops ideas of transition of economy to the new (hydrogen) basis of natural productive forces of regional development in the light of the future change of technological mode based on progress in the field of Earth sciences and the development of innovative transport and secondlevel infrastructure (on pillars). In the spatialeconomic aspect, the leading role is given to the large (macroregional) geographical systems using their comparative advantages as natural dominant geographical spaces with the northern, and in general, meridian vector. Taking into account the project Urarktika (UralArctic) preliminary elaborated by the author and natural restrictions in the form of polygonal tundra and marshes, it is feasible to develop transport networks on such territories of naturelike transport networks of Polar Lace type and related mobile settlements, adapted to the needs of reindeer herders, shiftmen, and other field workers. In regard to building forwardlooking ecologyenergy economic regional strategies of lake edges areas and hydrocarbon provinces, special attention is paid to new views of the Earths subsoil degassing and connected to it repeated saturation of the used wells, formation of craters and ozone holes, and new manifestations of limnogenesis.The role of both promising nature like energy sources of salt lakes with greenhouse effect is noted. For the timely development of such promising technologies and systems we have proposed a number of priority academic measures for transition of the economy to a new technological mode. №2 (2019)

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dmitry Yu. Malyshev; Semen V. Syrodoy;

    One of the most pressing problems of our time is environmental safety. The pollution of the Earth’s atmosphere in recent decades is caused by work at thermal power plants burning coal in the territories of the most popular states (USA, China, India, etc.). The use of a new class of fuel – bio-water-coal – can significantly reduce emissions of man-made gases, generated during combustion of coal in the furnaces of steam and hot water boilers, into the Earth’s atmosphere, expand the raw materials base of the modern thermal power plants and increase the resource efficiency of coal-fired power systems. The aim of the research is to study the influence of the concentration composition on the integral characteristics of ignition of the drops of the biohydrocarbon fuels under high-temperature heating. Object: a water-coal suspension based on brand T coal, water and spruce needles. In the course of the experimental studies, the following mass concentrations of coal and biomass were considered 50/0 %, 45/5 %, 40/10 %, 35/15 %, respectively (50 % – water). Method: experimental determination using the high-speed Photron FASTCAM CA4 video camera of the temporal characteristics of ignition of drops of the bio-water-coal suspensions under conditions corresponding to the heating intensity of the combustion chambers of the steam and hot water boilers; registration of medium temperature using chromel-alumel thermocouples. Results. The effect of mass concentration of forest combustible material on ignition delay times (tign) of water-coal fuels has been established. It was shown that when the fuel composition contains 15 % of biomass, the ignition delay times are reduced by more than three times compared with water-coal fuel without adding biomass at relatively low temperatures of the combustion medium. The results of experimental studies are also the basis for development of combustion models of liquid composite fuels.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    The modern urban policy sets rather complex challenges connected with simultaneous depreciation of finished goods, works acceleration, improvement of design decisions, and also with improvement of quality, reliability and availability of housing for construction branch. Standard constructive solutions of elements now in use of the building are rather well studied and have an application vast experience in housing construction. In the Republic of Bashkortostan the greatest distribution was gained by constructive solutions of elements of the building, classical for mass housing construction, in particular, standard options of overlappings and coverings from monolithic and precast concrete concern to them. Well-known shortcomings of these versions of decisions can be compensated, realizing overlappings from assembly and monolithic the keramzitobetonnykh of blocks, to conforming all requirements for reliability and the heat-shielding allowing to receive the qualitative bearing building element with an optimum level of expenses and time in climatic conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The proposed solutions will allow to reduce costs of 1 sq.m of overlapping to 1,5 2 times, to lose volume weight to 1,5-2 times of rather classical options from monolithic and precast concrete. The given results of the technical and economic analysis of the recommended options of overlappings (coverings) show their high efficiency and availability to projects of housing construction, including to the socially oriented housing financed from budgets of all levels. Современная градостроительная политика ставит перед строительной отраслью достаточно сложные задачи, связанные с одновременным снижением стоимости готовой продукции, ускорением производства работ, совершенствованием проектных решений, а также с повышением качества, надежности и доступности жилья. Используемые в настоящее время типовые конструктивные решения элементов здания достаточно хорошо изучены и имеют богатый опыт применения в жилищном строительстве. В Республике Башкортостан наибольшее распространение получили классические для массового жилищного строительства конструктивные решения элементов здания, в частности, к ним относятся типовые варианты перекрытий и покрытий из монолитного и сборного железобетона. Хорошо известные недостатки этих вариантов решений можно компенсировать, реализуя перекрытия из сборно-монолитных керамзитобетонных блоков, позволяющие получать качественный несущий элемент здания с оптимальным уровнем затрат и времени, соответствующие всем требованиям по надежности и теплозащиты в природно-климатических условиях Республики Башкортостан. Предлагаемые решения позволят сократить затраты на 1 м 2 перекрытия до 1,5 - 2 раз, снизить объемный вес до 1,5-2 раз относительно классических вариантов из монолитного и сборного железобетона. Приведенные результаты технико-экономического анализа рекомендованных вариантов перекрытий (покрытий) показывают их высокую эффективность и доступность для проектов жилищного строительства, в том числе для социально-ориентированного жилья, финансируемого из бюджетов всех уровней.

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  • Россия обладает огромными ресурсами для перехода к зеленой экономике: человеческими, материальными, технологическими и природными. Зеленая экономика рассматривается в контексте борьбы с глобальным изменением климата и перспективного направления выхода из финансово-экономического кризиса. Для зеленого экономического роста в России приоритетной является инновационная модернизация минерально-сырьевого и топливно-энергетического комплексов, сохраняющими ключевую роль в обеспечении устойчивости социально-экономического развития и национальной безопасности страны. Russia has huge resources for the transition to a green economy: human, material, technological and natural. The green economy is considered in the context of the fight against global climate change and a promising way out of the financial and economic crisis. For green economic growth in Russia, the priority is the innovative modernization of the mineral and fuel and energy complexes, which retain a key role in ensuring the sustainability of socio-economic development and national security of the country. №2 (2020)

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  • Целью работы является анализ текущего состояния энергетической ситуации Японии и предложение вариантов эффективного развития альтернативных источников энергии в целях уменьшения уровня зависимости страны от импорта природных ресурсов. Были решены следующие задачи: - Провести обзор текущего состояния альтернативных источников энергии в Японии и их вклада в общий энергетический баланс. - Оценить техническую и экономическую целесообразность различных альтернативных источников энергии в Японии. - Определить экологические и социальные преимущества альтернативных источников энергии в Японии. - Оценить политические рамки и механизмы поддержки развития альтернативной энергетики в Японии. - Предоставить рекомендации по будущему развитию и внедрению альтернативных источников энергии в Японии. Актуальность темы обусловлена отсутствием возможности обеспечивать энергосеть страны за счет внутренних природных источников энергии и сильная зависимость от импорта энергоносителей, значительно влияющей на экономику страны. Источниками информации выступили данные отечественной и зарубежной научно-исследовательской литературы, официальных Интернет-ресурсов и аналитических агентств. Результатом исследования стал анализ современного подхода к развитию систем альтернативной энергетики, оценка потенциальных выгод от внедрения аналогичных подходов в Японии и основных преимуществ координации между странами, развивающими альтернативную энергетику на своих территориях. Был представлен наиболее устойчивый способ реализации перехода к энергосистеме P2P. The purpose of the work is to analyze the current state of Japan’s energy situation and propose options for the effective development of alternative energy sources in order to reduce the country’s dependence on imports of natural resources. The following tasks were solved: - To review the current state of alternative energy sources in Japan and their contribution to the overall energy mix. - To evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of various alternative energy sources in Japan. - To identify the environmental and social benefits of alternative energy sources in Japan. - To assess the policy framework and support mechanisms for alternative energy development in Japan. - To provide recommendations for the future development and implementation of alternative energy sources in Japan. The relevance of the topic is due to the lack of the ability to provide the country’s energy grid at the expense of domestic natural energy sources and a strong dependence on energy imports, which significantly affects the country’s economy. The sources of information were data from domestic and foreign research literature, official Internet resources and analytical agencies. The study resulted in analysis of modern alternative energy systems development approach, estimation of potential benefits of implementation similar approaches in Japan and main benefits of coordination between nations developing alternative energy on their territories. Еhe most sustainable way of implementation ща P2P energy grid transition was presented.

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  • Данная выпускная квалификационная работа выполнена на тему: «Краткосрочные и среднесрочные температурные циклы, и их влияние на эффективность использования возобновляемых источников энергии» и посвящена изучению основных краткосрочных и среднесрочных температурных циклов. Изучены и рассмотрены циклы солнечной и ледовой активности, выяснены их причины и последствия, также более подробно изучены температурные циклы Эль-Ниньо и Ла-Нинья. Дана оценка влияния температурных циклов на эффективность использования возобновляемых источников энергии. Проведен анализ возможных решений для увеличения эффективности использования возобновляемых источников энергии при изменении температурных условий. Дана оценка и прогноз современной природной ситуации с позиций концепции природной температурной цикличности. Ð’ результате изучения и рассмотрения было выяснено, что температурные циклы оказывают значительное влияние на эффективность использования возобновляемых источников энергии, и в следствие чего, необходимо учитывать эти факторы и принимать меры для оптимизации работы системы при разработке новых проектов. Выяснено, что дальнейшие исследования в этой области могут способствовать развитию более эффективных и устойчивых источников энергии, что является важным шагом на пути к устойчивому развитию нашей планеты. Solar and ice activity cycles were studied and analyzed, their causes and consequences were determined, and the El Niño and La Niña temperature cycles were examined in more detail. An assessment was made of the impact of temperature cycles on the efficiency of using renewable energy sources. An analysis was conducted of possible solutions to increase the efficiency of using renewable energy sources when temperature conditions change. An evaluation and forecast of the current natural situation from the perspective of the concept of natural temperature cyclicality was given. As a result of the study, it was found that temperature cycles have a significant impact on the efficiency of using renewable energy sources, and as a result, these factors must be considered and measures taken to optimize system operation when developing new projects. It was found that further research in this area can contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable energy sources, which is an important step towards sustainable development of our planet.

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  • Цель исследования: Сформулировать предложения по совершенствованию системы управления устойчивым развитием электроэнергетики КНР. Исследование выполнялось на базе Государственной электросетевой корпорации КНР. Используемые данные обрабатывались с использованием MS Excel. Предмет исследования: управленческие процессы совершенствования системы управления развитием электроэнергетики КНР. Методы исследования: применялись общенаучные и специфические классификация, систематизация, сравнение, метод аналогий, прогнозирование. Основные результаты исследования: -Определено понятие системы управления развитием электроэнергетики и ее роль в обеспечении устойчивости экономики. в условиях новой экономики; -выявлены особенности существующей системы законодательно нормативных документов, определяющих развитие электроэнергетики КНР;-дана характеристика деятельности государственных регулирующих органов в электроэнергетике и текущих моделей управления отраслью; Область применения результатов ВКР: в деятельности энергетических компаний Китая. Научной новизной исследования является авторская формулировка рекомендаций по совершенствованию системы управления развитием электроэнергетики КНРдля обеспечения устойчивого функционирования электроэнергетики в условиях реформирования отрасли. Выводы. Задачи ВКРрешены, цель достигнута, определена область применения результатов. Полученные результаты обладают признаками научной новины. Обоснованы перспективы и направления дальнейшего исследования. The aim of the graduate qualification work: the develop recommendations for improving the management system for sustainable innovative development of the PRC electric power industry. The study was carried out on the materials of the State Electric Grid Corporation of the Peoples Republic of China. The data used was processed using MS Excel. Subject matter: management processes for improving the management system for the development of the PRC electric power industry. Research methods used: general scientific and specific classification, systematization, comparison, analogy method, forecasting were used. The main results of the graduate qualification work: - the essence of the concept of the management system for the development of the electric power industry and its role in ensuring the sustainable functioning of the PRC economy in the new economic conditions are defined;- the features of the existing system of legislative and regulatory documents that determine the development of the PRC electric power industry are revealed;- a description of the activities of state regulatory bodies in the electric power industry and current models of industry management is given;Application field: in the activities of energy companies in China. The scientific novelty of the study is the authors formulation of recommendations for improving the management system for the development of the PRC electric power industry to ensure the sustainable functioning of the electric power industry in the context of reforming the industry. Conclusions of graduate qualification work. The tasks of the WRC have been solved, the goal has been achieved, the scope of the results has been determined. The results obtained have signs of scientific novelty. Prospects and directions for further research are substantiated.

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    Authors: Stanislav O. Khomutov; Vladimir I. Polishchuk; Vasiliy I. Stashko;

    The relevance. Changes in geopolitics and conjuncture of the world energy markets, impact more and more the world economy, forcing not only to improve energy technologies, but also to determine the priorities of the state in the field of energy policy. One of these priorities is to increase generation from new types of renewable energy sources and rapid development of appropriate technologies, which, in their turn, provide cheaper production. At the same time, it is known that it is possible to increase the reliability of the power system and at the same time to increase the production of electricity at the expense of distributed energy, the basis of which is micro-generation from solar power plants. In this regard, additional research is needed to adapt the existing methods of calculation of photovoltaic systems to their use in development and construction of low-power solar power plants. The relevance is also caused by the fact that it is necessary to create the most effective and inexpensive system for converting solar energy into electrical energy, which would meet any given technical requirements, would be reliable and easy to operate. The main aim of the research is to develop an effective photovoltaic system and design an inexpensive microelectric solar power plant with specified parameters and technical characteristics for further experimental studies. The methods. When calculating and studying the main operation modes and structural elements of photovoltaic systems, the authors have used the results of numerous scientific studies, including applied research, and available experience in the field of solar energy, which was obtained in the performance of some theoretical and experimental work. DipTrace and EasyEDA systems were used in development and modeling of electronic circuits. The results. The authors substantiate the expediency of application of more simple methods to determine the probable or actual exposure with the use of the software PVsyst, with an error of no more than 10 %. They developed the technology for experimental production of photovoltaic modules of given geometric dimensions and nominal power and the reliable control system for a biaxial solar tracker due to the actuators, which increases the efficiency of photovoltaic systems in the latitudes of Western and South-Western Siberia. A block diagram for controling a micro-power solar power plant and electronic circuits of the MPPT solar controller, DC-DC Converter, DC-AC inverter, and the main control unit based on the ATmega326 microcontroller were designed.

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    Authors: Burdo O.G.; Gavrilov A.V.; Kashkano M.V.; Levtrynskaya Y.O.; +3 Authors

    The analysis of scientific works shows that the development of technology is ahead of the level of development of energy management. There are no clear comparisons of the energy efficiency of electrical technologies and heat technologies. Objective indicators of energy efficiency in various technologies of dehydration of raw materials not developed yet. In that article assumed that objective results for comparing energy efficiency in the processing of raw materials is obtained by the basis of system analysis of the entire energy conversion chain from fuel to finished product. The purpose of the work is experimentally proving the objectivity of this hypothesis. To achieve this goal, it is proposing to use the indicator of the energy share of fuel in the finished product and the amount of moisture removed when burning 1 kg of fuel, which does not depend on fluctuations in energy prices, which can vary and differ for different countries. The most important result of the work is the comparison of these parameters with the data for innovative equipment samples developed by the authors. The significance of the results obtained is that the evaporating devices developed by the authors are not inferior in efficiency to traditional ones, and make it possible to obtain concentrates up to 90 ° brix. Thus, for fuels with an oil equivalent of 40 MJ per 1 kg, traditional dryers can remove no more than 3 kg of moisture, cryoconcentrators – 20 kg.

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    �������������� ������������������������������ ����������������������, ������������������ ���� ��������������������������������������, �� ���������� �������������������� ������������������, ������������������������ �� �������������� ���������� ���������������������� ������������������ �� ���������������� ����������������������������, ������������ ���������� �������������������������� ���������� ������������. ���������� ���� ���������� ���������� ���������������� ���������������� ������������������������ �������������������������� �������������� ���������������������������� �������������������� �� ����������������������. �� ������������ ������������ ������������������������ �������������������� ������������������������ ���� ������������������������ ���������������� ������������ �������������������� ������������������������������ �������������������� (������������������), ���������������������� ���������������������������� �������������������� ������������������������������ �������������������������������������� ������������������ (������). �������� ���������������������� �������������� ������������������������������ �������������������������������������� ������������������. ���������������������� ��������������, ���������������� ���� ���������������������� �� ���������������� �������������������������� ������������������������������ ������ �� ������������������. ���������������������������� ����������������, �������������� �������������������� ������������������ ������ ����������������������������. ������ ������������������ ���������������������� �������������� ���������������� �������������������� ������������������������������ ��������������������, �������������������� �������������������������������� �� ���������������������������� �������������������� �������������� �� �������������������������������� ������ �� ������������������������������ ���������������� ��� ���� ���������������� �������������������������������� �� ����������������. The issues of environmental sustainability of architecture, increasing its energy efficiency, as well as global trends such as the format of a new circular economy and energy transition policy, pose new challenges to architects. One of such tasks is to study the possibilities of using alternative energy in architecture. This article presents the results of a study on the formation of a rating of buildings of various functional purposes (typology), reflecting the priority of using wind turbines. The article provides the definition of the concept of a wind turbine, examines the factors influencing the rationale and principles of the use of integrated wind turbines in construction, and formulates the criteria that must be taken into account during the design stage. As a result, the author forms a rating of objects of various functional purposes, reflecting the expediency and priority of using solutions with integrated wind turbines in the corresponding objects from the most preferred to the least. �������������������������� ������������-���������������������������������� ������������, ������������ 3 (117) 2022, Pages 81-85

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
    Article . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
      Article . 2022
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • Развиваются идеи о переводе экономики на новый (водородный) базис естественных производительных сил регионального развития в свете грядущей смены технологического уклада на основе прогресса в сфере наук о Земле и разработок инновационного транспорта и инфраструктуры второго уровня (на опорах). В пространственноэкономическом аспекте ведущая роль в этом отводится крупным (макрорегиональным) географическим системам с использованием их сравнительных преимуществ как естественных доминантных географических пространств с северным, а в целом меридиональным вектором освоения. С учетом ранее разработанного автором проекта Урарктика (УралАрктика) и природных ограничений в виде полигональных тундр и болот указывается на целесообразность развития на таких территориях природоподобных транспортных сетей типа Полярное кружево , а также связанных с ними мобильных поселений, адаптированных для нужд оленеводов, вахтовиков и других полевых работников. Особое внимание в плане построения перспективных экологоэнергетических экономических региональных стратегий озерных краев и углеводородных провинций уделяется появлению новых воззрений о дегазации недр Земли и связанного с этим повторного насыщения отработанных скважин, образования воронок и озоновых дыр, новых проявлений лимногенеза. Отмечена роль как перспективных природоподобных источников энергообеспечения соляных озер с парниковым эффектом. В плане своевременной научной проработки соответствующих перспективных технологий и систем предлагается ряд приоритетных академических мер для перевода экономики на новый технологический уклад. The article develops ideas of transition of economy to the new (hydrogen) basis of natural productive forces of regional development in the light of the future change of technological mode based on progress in the field of Earth sciences and the development of innovative transport and secondlevel infrastructure (on pillars). In the spatialeconomic aspect, the leading role is given to the large (macroregional) geographical systems using their comparative advantages as natural dominant geographical spaces with the northern, and in general, meridian vector. Taking into account the project Urarktika (UralArctic) preliminary elaborated by the author and natural restrictions in the form of polygonal tundra and marshes, it is feasible to develop transport networks on such territories of naturelike transport networks of Polar Lace type and related mobile settlements, adapted to the needs of reindeer herders, shiftmen, and other field workers. In regard to building forwardlooking ecologyenergy economic regional strategies of lake edges areas and hydrocarbon provinces, special attention is paid to new views of the Earths subsoil degassing and connected to it repeated saturation of the used wells, formation of craters and ozone holes, and new manifestations of limnogenesis.The role of both promising nature like energy sources of salt lakes with greenhouse effect is noted. For the timely development of such promising technologies and systems we have proposed a number of priority academic measures for transition of the economy to a new technological mode. №2 (2019)

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