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  • Energy Research
  • 7. Clean energy
  • 15. Life on land
  • 6. Clean water
  • 16. Peace & justice
  • Russian

  • Authors: Korniyenko, Sergey; Popova, Ekaterina;

    Считается, что основной причиной глобального потепления является технический прогресс. Техносферная деятельность человека приводит к росту содержания в атмосфере парниковых газов за счет все большего сжигания топлива, что является фактором, повышающим температуру. Климатические аномалии провоцируют социальные катаклизмы. Важнейшей задачей на современном этапе является снижение глобальных рисков и повышение безопасности людей. Эффективным инструментом повышения устойчивости среды обитания является строительства «зеленых» зданий. В данной статье выполнен аналитический обзор современной направленности работ в области «зеленого» строительства в России и в зарубежных странах. Рассмотрены основные принципы «зеленого» строительства, концептуальные основы зданий с низким энергопотреблением. Показано, что «зеленые» крыши и «зеленые» фасады являются важными элементами формирования экологически устойчивой архитектуры и энергосберегающего строительства. Рассмотрены проблемы повышения энергоэффективности при термореновации фасадов зданий. Рассмотрены принципы рейтинговой оценки в «зеленом» строительстве. Полученные результаты имеют важное практическое значение. Систематизация и обобщение данных по «зеленому» строительству позволяют наметить дальнейшие пути повышения энергоэффективности и экологической безопасности зданий и сооружений при решении актуальной проблемы повышения устойчивости среды обитания в градостроительстве и архитектуре. It is considered that technical progress is a basic reason of global warming. Activities of the person lead to growth of content in the atmosphere of greenhouse gases due to the increasing combustion of fuel that is the factor of increasing temperature. Climatic anomalies provoke social cataclysms. The major task at the present stage is decrease in global risks and increase in safety of people. The effective instrument of increase in sustainability is constructions of green buildings. In this article the analytical review of a modern direction of the green construction problem in Russia and in foreign countries is executed. The basic principles of a green construction, conceptual bases of buildings with low energy consumption are considered. It is specified that green roofs and green facades are important elements of ecologically steady architecture and energy-saving construction. Problems of increase in energy efficiency in case of thermorenovation of facades are considered. The principles of rating in a green construction are indicated. The received results have important practical value. Systematization and generalization of data on a green construction allow to plan further ways of increase in energy efficiency and ecological safety of buildings and structures in case of the solution of an urgent problem of increase in sustainability in town planning and architecture.

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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Проектирование зданий и сооружений с использованием энергомоделирования». Данная работа посвящена исследованию возможности строительства «пассивного» детского образовательного учреждения на территории Ленинградской области с использованием энергомоделирования. Задачи: 1) Анализ практического и теоретического опыта в области энергомоделирования на различных стадиях строительства. 2) Расчет энергоэффективности детского образовательного учреждения по СП 50.13330.2012 Тепловая защита зданий. 3) Расчет энергоэффективности с помощью программы энергомоделирования Autodesk Insight, подбор наиболее эффективных ограждающих конструкций и инженерных систем, анализ полученных результатов. 4) Внедрение «пассивных» детских образовательных учреждений на территории Ленинградской области. Ð’ ходе данной работы предложен подбор оптимальных архитектурных и технологических мероприятий с помощью применения энергомоделирования, снижающих потребление энергетических ресурсов зданием. The topic of the final qualifying work: "Design of buildings and structures using energy modeling". This work is devoted to study the possibility of building a "passive" children's educational institution on the territory of the Leningrad region using energy modeling. Tasks: 1) Analysis of practical and theoretical experience in the field of energy modeling at various stages of construction. 2) Calculation of the energy efficiency of a children's educational institution according to SP 50.13330.2012 Thermal protection of buildings. 3) Calculation of energy efficiency using the Autodesk Insight energy modeling program, selection of the most effective enclosing structures and engineering systems, analysis of the results obtained. 4) The introduction of "passive" children's educational institutions in the Leningrad region. In the course of this work, the selection of optimal architectural and technological measures with the use of energy modeling, reducing the consumption of energy resources by the building, is proposed.

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    Authors: Назариков Кирилл Анатольевич; ФГБOУ ВО «Петрозаводский государственный университет»; Kirill A. Nazarikov; FSBEI of HE \\"Petrozavodsk State University\\"; Хюннинен Иван Андреевич; ФГБOУ ВО «Петрозаводский государственный университет»; Ivan A. Khiunninen; FSBEI of HE \\"Petrozavodsk State University\\";

    В статье раскрывается характеристика лесосечных отходов. При анализе выявлено, что на заготовку, храненние и направление использования лесосечных отходов оказывают существенное влияние объём, размер, прочность и загрязненность. The article contains characteristics of forest residues. In the analysis it was found that the billet, chernivsti and usage of logging residues has a significant influence the volume, size, strength and contamination.

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  • Данная работа посвящена исследованию паровых утилизационных турбин. Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: 1) Определение основных характеристик дизельного двигателя. 2) Расчет основных параметров тепловой схемы ГПУ. 3) Гидравлический расчет котла-утилизатора. Ð’ работе собирался материал по применению котлов-утилизаторов, о двигателях внутреннего сгорания, применяемых в дизель-генераторах, о потребителях энергии, утилизационных системах. Проводились расчеты параметров тепловой схемы, гидравлический и компоновочный расчет котла-утилизатора. Ð’ результате был выбран двигатель для расчета, выбрана тепловая схема, определены значения максимальной электрической мощности паровой турбины и абсолютный электрический КПД установки, рассчитаны габариты компонентов котла-утилизатора. The topic of the final qualification work: "Development of low-power turbine plants for heat recovery from exhaust gases of internal combustion engines." This work is devoted to the study of steam utilization turbines. The tasks that were solved during the study: 1) Determination of the main characteristics of the diesel engine. 2) Calculation of the main parameters of the thermal circuit of the GPU. 3) Hydraulic calculation of the waste heat boiler. In the work, material was collected on the use of waste heat boilers, on internal combustion engines used in diesel generators, on energy consumers, and on utilization systems. The calculations of the parameters of the thermal circuit, hydraulic and layout calculations of the waste heat boiler were carried out. As a result, an engine was selected for the calculation, a thermal scheme was selected, the values of the maximum electrical power of the steam turbine and the absolute electrical efficiency of the installation were determined, and the dimensions of the waste heat boiler components were calculated.

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    Authors: orcid bw Chekarev, Konstantin;
    Chekarev, Konstantin
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    orcid bw Zalikhanov, Alim;
    Zalikhanov, Alim
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    Installations that convert the kinetic energy of wind into electricity are large due to the low air density. A variant of a sailing power plant is known that converts the energy of a wind flow into the energy of a water flow, which makes it possible to reduce the size of the energy converter, but its efficiency decreases, since part of the energy of the wind flow is spent on moving the sail installation, and there are also difficulties in transferring the generated energy to an external consumer . A variant of a ground-based sailing power plant is proposed, in which these problems are removed. The conducted experimental studies of models of ground-based sailing power plants have shown the operability of the elements included in the experimental installation, structural elements have been found that can be used in the implementation of a ground-based sailing installation. In order to determine the power that land-based sailing installations can develop, studies were carried out on the developed experimental installation to determine the magnitude of the forces on which the speed of movement of the sailing installation models depends. The results of these studies are presented in this article.

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    Authors: Sit M.L.; Juravliov A.A.; orcid Suvorov D.M.;
    Suvorov D.M.
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    The paper discusses options for district heating systems, including thermal power plants and heat pumps installed in individual heating centers of multi-story buildings. The aim of the work is to evaluate the energy efficiency of the options under consideration and the method of connecting piping to high-temperature return network water with a carbon dioxide heat pump. The goal is achieved due to the fact that one of the evaporators of the heat pump heating the new building or half of the existing building uses heat from return network water or from the first half of the building or from the whole building, and the second evaporator uses the heat of the outdoor air. Moreover, for high-temperature heating schedules, heat is taken out through a two-stage intermediate circuit containing two pumps, 2 heat exchangers and two expansion vessels. Significant results of the work are the developed scheme of the intermediate circuit of the carbon dioxide heat pump, which combines both the possibilities of working in a quantitative heat supply system and in the preparation of hot water for buildings during the non-heating period. The significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the proposed technical solution allows to reduce fuel consumption for thermal power plants, consumers' expenses when paying for their consumed energy resources, increase the number of heat consumers connected to the thermal power plants through the use of heat pumps. The schemes of intermediate circuits of heat pumps for the quantitative law of regulating the operation mode of the heat supply system are also considered.

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  • На основе математического анализа экспериментальных данных показателей качества углей и угольных концентратов и выхода химических продуктов коксования методами корреляционного, регрессионного, канонического и кластерного анализов разработаны нейросетевые математические модели для прогноза исследуемых параметров. Полученные результаты в дальнейшем планируется использовать при составлении оптимальных шихт для коксования в реальных производственных условиях. On the basis of mathematical analysis of experimental data of coal and coal concentrates quality indicators and coking chemical products yield by the methods of correlation, regression, canonical and cluster analysis, neural network mathematical models for the forecast of the studied parameters have been developed. The obtained results are planned to be used in the future in the preparation of optimal charge for coking in real production conditions. №4(24) (2019)

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    Authors: M E Rakhmetov; B Z Kenzhegulov; A N Muratkaliev; T B Gapuova;

    На основе энергетических принципов ориентированный на минимизации полной тепловой энергии упругих деформации в сочетании применении квадратичного конечного элемента с тремя узлами разработан вичислительный алгоритм и численно исследована термо-напряженно-деформированное состояние защемленного двумя концами стержня, постоянного поперечного сечения в зависимости наличия частичной теплоизоляции, теплового потока и теплообменов. The computational algorithm is developed and the thermo-stress-strain state of a rod fixed at two ends with a constant cross section depending on the presence of partial thermal insulation, heat flux and heat exchanges is numerically investigated, based on energy principles, focused on minimization of total thermal energy of elastic deformations combined with the use of a quadratic finite element with three nodes. №2(92) (2020)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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  • В первой из двух частей статьи предложены подходы к организации управления выполнением и внедрением разработок сложных проектов по созданию инновационных средств и технологий, обеспечивающих энергоэффективность железнодорожного транспорта. Рассмотрены методы оценки и классификации проектов по степени реализуемости и эффективности. Представлены модель и алгоритм планирования ресурсного обеспечения для комплекса проектов. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, we propose approaches for implementation of complex projects development to create innovative tools and technologies that ensure the energy efficiency at rail transport. We consider methods for evaluating and classifying projects according to their degree of feasibility and efficiency. We present the model and algorithm of resource planning for a set of projects. №74 (2018)

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  • По состоянию на 2018 г. мировое потребление первичных энергетических ресурсов составило 13 млрд т нефтяного эквивалента. Распределение по видам топлива: нефть 32,9 , твердое топливо 30,1 , газ 23,7 , атомная энергия 4,4 , гидроэнергетика 6,7 , возобновляемые и другие виды ресурсов 2,2 . Исследования в области развития возобновляемых источников энергии осуществляются большим числом ученых теоретиков и практиков, как за рубежом, так и в России. В связи с этим методология данного исследования строилась на системном подходе и использовании комплекса взаимодополняющих методов: сравнительный анализ источников энергии, ситуационный и стратегический анализ возможностей использования возобновляемой энергетики, нормативный и позитивный анализ использования применительно к различным странам и их регионам, метод кейс-стади для исследования реализованных проектов в сфере возобновляемой энергетики, нормативно-правовой анализ принятых законодательных актов и стратегий. Оценка роли возобновляемых источников энергии в социально-экономическом развитии регионов предполагала: сопоставление традиционных и альтернативных источников энергии, выявление их сравнительных преимуществ и недостатков определение качественных и количественных эффектов от проектов, реализованных на рынке возобновляемой энергетики. Потенциал развития возобновляемой энергетики оценивался как через возможные объемы выработки энергии, так и через их долю в общем объеме потребления. Особенностью проводимой оценки и новизной исследования стали, во-первых, ориентация на интересы регионов северо-запада России и, в частности, Республики Карелии и, во-вторых, междисциплинарный подход к анализу эффектов от использования возобновляемых источников энергии: оценивалось снижение затрат, сохранение окружающей среды и т. д. Формализация имеющихся эффектов и анализ факторов развития возобновляемой энергетики позволили определить перспективы и потенциал роста соответствующего рынка в российских регионах, выработать сценарии перехода к возобновляемой энергетике. Полученные результаты позволили сделать вывод о текущем и перспективном влиянии возобновляемой энергетики на социально-экономическое развитие территорий. As of 2018, the world consumption of primary energy resources amounted to 13 billion tons of oil equivalent. Fuel distribution: oil 32.9, solid fuel-30.1 , gas-23.7 , nuclear energy 4.4 , hydropower 6.7 , renewable and other resources 2.2 . Research in the field of renewable energy sources is carried out by a large number of scientists-theorists and practitioners, both abroad and in Russia. In this regard, the methodology of this study was based on a systematic approach and the use of a set of complementary methods: comparative analysis of energy sources situational and strategic analysis of the possibilities of using renewable energy, regulatory and positive analysis of the use in relation to different countries and their regions case-study method for the study of implemented projects in the field of renewable energy regulatory analysis of adopted legislation and strategies. Assessment of the role of renewable energy sources in the socio-economic development of the regions assumed: comparison of traditional and alternative energy sources, identification of their comparative advantages and disadvantages determination of qualitative and quantitative effects of the projects implemented at the renewable energy market. The potential of renewable energy development was assessed both through the possible volumes of energy production and their share in total consumption. Feature evaluation and novelty of the study were, firstly, focused on the interests of the regions of the North-West and, in particular, the Republic of Karelia, and, second, an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the effects of using renewable energy sources: estimated cost reduction, environmental preservation, etc. Formalizing the available effects and the analysis of factors of development of renewable energy allowed determining the prospects and growth potential of the relevant market in the Russian regions to develop scenarios of transition to renewable energy. The results made it possible to draw a conclusion about the current and future impact of renewable energy on the socio-economic development of the territories.

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