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  • Energy Research
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Manusov V.Z.; Pavlyuchenko D.A.; Ahyoev J.S.;

    An important advantage of transformers with high-temperature superconducting winding is their ability to limit the short-circuit currents. The article discusses a physico-mathematical model that analyses transient processes at short-circuit currents in electrical networks containing transformers with a high-temperature superconducting winding. One of the main ideas and objectives of this work is to investigate the process of short-circuit currents limiting by means of a transformer with a high-temperature superconductor winding, which makes it possible to combine two series-connected elements in one device: transformer and a reactor. The effectiveness of this method is due to the fact that when the short-circuit currents exceed the critical value of the temperature of the superconductor winding, it goes to the normal state with high winding resistance for short-circuit currents. It is important to know when a superconductor should go over to a normal state with the loss of superconductivity. For this purpose, a program was developed to determine the amount of heat generated by a short-circuit current flowing before it is disconnected. For a transformer with high-temperature superconducting winding with a capacity of 40 MVA, a short circuit must be eliminated after 0.1 seconds, without switching off the transformer. To limit the short-circuit current; it is intended to use a hybrid winding. The performed assessment showed that the return of the winding to the superconducting state, first, depends on the ratio of the short-circuit currents to the operating current. This is the criterion for the return/non-return to the superconducting state.

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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Правовое обеспечение развития солнечной энергетики». Настоящая выпускная квалификационная работа посвящена всестороннему анализу обеспечения развития солнечной энергетики, а также выявлению проблем правового регулирования использования солнечной энергетики и определению перспектив дальнейшего развития этой отрасли. Задачи, которые решались в ходе проведения данной работы: • Раскрытие понятия термина «энергии» с точки зрения юриспруденции; • Анализ действующих основ правового регулирования отношений в сфере энергетики в Российской Федерации; • Изучение энергетической стратегии Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года и анализ ее правового обеспечения; • Исследование международного опыта развития солнечной энергетики и использования других возобновляемых источников энергии; • Выявление проблем правового регулирования развития и использования солнечной энергетики; • Определение перспектив для развития солнечной энергетики. Ð’ ходе проведения изучения теоретического и нормативного материала, а также при решении поставленных задач было дано определение «энергии», а также изучены правовое регулирование развития солнечной энергетики в Российской Федерации и международный опыт в данной сфере. Результаты проделанной работы и отдельные рекомендации могут быть использованы для изменения действующего законодательства Российской Федерации с целью совершенствования развития правового обеспечения солнечной энергетики. The subject of the graduate qualification work is: “Legal support for the development of solar energy”. This final qualification work is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the development of solar energy, as well as identifying the problems of legal regulation of the use of solar energy and determining the prospects for further development of this industry. Tasks that were solved in the course of this work: • Disclosure of the concept of the term “energy” from the point of view of jurisprudence; • Analysis of the current foundations of legal regulation of relations in the energy sector in the Russian Federation; • Study of the energy strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030 and analysis of its legal support; • Study of international experience in the development of solar energy and the use of other renewable energy sources; • Identification of problems of legal regulation of the development and use of solar energy; • Identification of prospects for the development of solar energy. In the course of the study of theoretical and regulatory material, as well as in solving the tasks, the definition of “energy” was given, as well as the legal regulation of the development of solar energy in the Russian Federation and international experience in this field were studied. The results of the work done and individual recommendations can be used to amend the current legislation of the Russian Federation in order to improve the development of legal support for solar energy.

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  • Потребление энергии во всем мире по ряду причин: рост численности населения, индустриализация и быстрый экономический рост развивающихся стран постоянно увеличивается. Наиболее распространенное газовое топливо природный газ имеет низкую себестоимость добычи. Она меньше аналогичного показателя для жидкого топлива в 2-3 раза, а для каменного угля в 6-12 раз. При передаче природного газа по трубопроводу на расстояние 1,5-2,5 тыс. км его себестоимость с учетом транспортных издержек в 1,5-2 раза ниже себестоимости каменного угля, при этом не нужны топливные склады. Установки, работающие на газовом топливе, обладают более высоким КПД по сравнению с установками, использующими другие виды топлива, они проще и дешевле в эксплуатации, сравнительно легко автоматизируются, что повышает безопасность и улучшает ведение технологического процесса, не требуют сложных устройств топливоподачи и золоудаления. Сгорает газ с минимальным количеством вредных выбросов, что улучшает санитарные условия и экологию. Однако в связи с истощением запасов основных источников энергии многие специалисты связывают будущее мировой энергетики с возможностями применения твердых энергоносителей. С экологической точки зрения наиболее предпочтительной является технология газификации твердого топлива. Внедрил и популяризовал применение искусственного газа английский механик Вильям Мёрдок. Он получил светильный газ, произведя сухую перегонку каменного угля. После изобретения немецким химиком Робертом Бунзеном газовой горелки светильный газ начал применяться в качестве бытового топлива. С изобретением в 1861 г. братьями Сименс промышленного газогенератора появилась возможность получать более дешевый генераторный газ, на который стали переводить промышленные печи. Так как теплота сгорания получаемого в результате газификации генераторного газа относительно мала по сравнению с природным газом, то в Горном университете были проведены исследования возможности использования различных видов низкосортного технологического топлива на глиноземных заводах России в качестве альтернативы природному газу, доступ к которому имеется не во всех регионах. Power consumption across the globe is constantly increasing for a variety of reasons: growing population, industrialization and fast economic growth. The most widespread gaseous fuel natural gas has the low production cost. It is 2-3 times cheaper than liquid fuel production and 6-12 times cheaper than coal production. When natural gas is transported to distances from 1.5 to 2.5 thousand km by the pipeline, its cost with account of transportation is 1.5-2 times less than the cost of coal and the fuel storage facilities are not needed. Plants powered by natural gas have the higher efficiency as compared to the plants operating on other types of fuel. They are easier and cheaper to maintain and are relatively simple in automation, thus enhancing safety and improving the production process flow, do not require complicated fuel feeding or ash handling systems. Gas is combusted with a minimum amount of polluting emissions, which adds to better sanitary conditions and environment protection. But due to depletion of major energy resources many experts see the future of the global energy industry in opportunities associated with the use of solid energy carriers. From the environmental perspective solid fuel gasification is a preferred technology. The use of synthetic gas was first offered and then put to mass scale by English mechanical engineer William Murdoch. He discovered a possibility to use gas for illumination by destructive distillation of bituminous coal. After invention of the gas burner by Robert Bunsen, the illumination gas began to be used as a household fuel. The invention of an industrial gas generator by Siemens brothers made it possible to produce a cheaper generator gas which became a fuel for industrial furnaces. As the calorific value of generator gas produced through gasification is relatively low compared to natural gas, the Mining University studied possibilities to use different types of low grade process fuel at the Russian alumina refineries as an alternative to natural gas, access to which is restricted for some of the regions. №4 (220) (2017)

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    На первых этапах трудовой деятельности молодые инженеры (вчерашние выпускники-бакалавры) испытывают трудности в решении профессиональных задач из-за отсутствия практического опыта работ на производстве. Разработка модели формирования практико-ориентированных компетенций у бакалавров-инженеров позволит разработать основную образовательную программу с учетом требований, предъявляемых федеральными государственными образовательными и профессиональными стандартами. В данной работе на примере подготовки бакалавров по направлению 15.03.04 «Автоматизация технологических процессов и производств» приведено сопоставление соответствующих обобщенных трудовых функций профессиональных стандартов (ПС) и видов профессиональной деятельности федерального государственного образовательного стандарта (ФГОС). В результате проведенного сопоставления выявлена необходимость участия потенциальных работодателей при разработке основной образовательной программы при ее реализации, приведены рекомендации для формирования практико-ориентированных компетенций у бакалавров-инженеров, что приведет к повышению качества образования. At the beginning of their work professional career young engineers (graduates with a Bachelor’s degree) face difficulties in professional tasks solving due to the lack of practical experience. The development of a practically oriented competences formation model for the engineers with a Bachelor’s degree will allow the creation of principal educational program taking into account Federal state educational and occupational standards requirements. A comparison of the corresponding generalized labour functions in occupational standards and the types of professional activity in the Federal state educational standard is given in this paper in the context of 15.03.04 “Technological processes and production automation” concerning Bachelors’ training. As a result, the necessity of potential employers’ participation in principal educational program development and implementation is revealed. Some recommendations are given about how to develop practically oriented competences in engineers with a Bachelor’s so as to improve the quality of education.

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    The work solves the problem of assessing the operation modes of the Integrated Power System (IPS) of Ukraine taking into account the power flows increase to the states borders for integration into the ENTSO-E power system. The Transmission System Development Plan for 2021-2030 is considered, in which the construction of southern transit power lines is planned. The issue of the redistribution of power flows in the electric network with the possibility of transferring power from the eastern regions of Ukraine to the western ones is considered. The analysis of the optimal increase in the connection cross-section into ENTSO-E networks by introducing southern transit. The purpose of the work is to analyze and evaluate the introduction of southern transit power lines by a high voltage direct current network based on voltage source converters in the electric network of the Ukraine power system. This problem was solved with creating a model of an electric network of 750 and 330 kV of the Ukraine IPS, analyzing the simulation results and comparing the network operation modes when introducing southern transit by an alternating and direct current. The most significant results of the work are the proof of the technical feasibility of introducing southern transit on direct current with the ability to influence the capacities flow distribution. Significance of the obtained results consists in the development of the Ukraine IPS model with the direct current lines introduction, which allows to analyze the electric network operating modes while introduction of southern transit by direct current.

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    Authors: Alexander Shuravin; Sergey Vologdin; Maxim Gorokhov; Grigory Blagodatsky;

    The article substantiates the relevance of optimization algorithms research as for solving various applied problems as for the science of artificial intelligence. The need to solve problems of optimizing the thermal and hydraulic modes of buildings as part of the project "Smart City" explains. The article presents a mathematical formulation of the problem of optimizing the temperature mode of rooms using adjustable devices, as well as two methods for solving the posed problem: the coordinates search method and the genetic algorithm. A description of the above algorithms, including the mathematical apparatus used, is given. The objective function is described as the standard deviation of the temperature of the heated rooms. A method for calculating the temperature of air in a heated indoor area is given by solving the heat balance equation, including a method for calculating incoming heat fluxes from a radiator and outgoing heat fluxes through enclosing structures. Calculation formulas are given. The idea of improving these methods through preliminary insulation measures, which consists in installing additional sections of radiators in “cold” rooms, is considered. An algorithm for automatically issuing recommendations on the installation of additional sections of radiators is described. This algorithm consists in reading information from the database and comparing the calculated heat input from radiators with their rated power. In the event of a power lack, recommendations are issued on the installation of additional radiator sections. The results of the computational experiment for the considered optimization methods are presented. In conclusion, it was shown that the genetic algorithm shows better optimization results than the coordinates search method, but it has a large computational cost. The hypothesis was confirmed that in order to increase the efficiency of solving the considered class of problems, it is necessary to combine the genetic algorithm and gradient methods.

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  • В статье всесторонне рассматривается вопрос актуальности оценки перекрёстного субсидирования в тепловой энергетике и их прямого влияния на тарифы для конечных потребителей тепловой энергии. Вопрос рассмотрен как с теоретической так и практической стороны, для создания наиболее объективной оценки. На основание полученных результатов проведена экономическая оценка результатов субсидирование. The article comprehensively examines the issue of the relevance of the assessment of cross-subsidization in thermal energy and their direct impact on tariffs for final consumers of thermal energy. The question is considered both from the theoretical and practical side, in order to create the most objective assessment. Based on the results obtained, an economic assessment of the results of subsidization was carried out.

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    В статье рассмотрены наиболее распространение типы накопителей энергии, используемые для транспортных средств. Показано, что существующие критерии не могут дать полную оценку накопителей энергии для автономных транспортных средств, т.к. не учитывают транспортную составляющую. Предложено дополнить существующие критерии тремя новыми (доработанными) показателями, которые учитывают затраты на транспортировку накопителей энергии. Выполнен анализ накопителей энергии, которые используются на конкретных транспортных средствах, с учетом предложенной системы критериев. At present, in the majority of autonomous vehicles, the energy source is power units based on internal combustion engines. As known, such power units provide optimum economical operation in only one power, speed and temperature operating mode, and in other modes, their energy effi ciency (fuel consumption) is much, sometimes several times, lower than in the optimal mode. Therefore, the greatest prospectives in the fi eld of energy savings lie in the research that will allow the internal combustion engine work in the optimal mode under all motion modes of a vehicle. The coeffi cient of effi ciency of the transport system with non-autonomous vehicles that draw power from a contact network are largely dependent on the relative position of vehicles and traction substation. Being near substations or working in stopping mode and not regenerative braking, traction network losses are low, still in the other modes they can reduce the overall effi ciency of the system by tens of percent’s. One of the solutions to these problems is the use of energy storage devices that ensure economical operation of autonomous power plants, improve the dynamic performance of vehicles, and improve the effi ciency of their support systems. The paper presents the most common types of energy storage devices for vehicles: electrochemical, condensing, mechanical and pneumatic. The substantiation of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of energy storage for vehicles, taking into account the cost of transporting them. The criteria suggested for assessing the energy storage of vehicles allow conducting comparative analysis of different, at nominal parameters and principles of action, devices, according to their use on vehicles where transport costs can be signifi cant. The conducted analysis of specifi c examples of energy storage devices and vehicles has led to the following conclusions: for the most of considered vehicles, the best performance based on the criterion of specifi c energy costs are gel batteries AGM, and in terms of specifi c power ratings cost - the mechanical energy storage.

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  • The electricity cost increase in the energy system as a result of increase of the share of renewable energy sources (RES) use, creates economic preconditions for the transition of industrial consumers to use of their own generating sources. A system of discounts to the price of electricity has been developed for industrial consumers in the German power system. The surcharge for supporting the development of RES for basic consumers can be reduced by 95%, and the network charge by 80%. In this paper, we estimate the cost of electric energy in Autonomous and centralized power supply systems for the target structure of generating capacity, which provides an increase in the share of RES up to 65% in electricity consumption in the German power system. Рост цены электроэнергии в результате роста доли ВИЭ в энергосистеме создаёт экономические предпосылки для перехода промышленных потребителей на электроснабжение от собственных генерирующих источников. Для промышленных потребителей в энергосистеме Германии разработана система скидок к цене электроэнергии. Сбор на поддержку использования развития ВИЭ для базовых потребителей может быть снижен на 95%, а сетевая плата -- на 80%. В представленной работе выполнены оценки стоимости электрической энергии в системах автономного и централизованного электроснабжения для целевой структуры генерирующих мощностей, обеспечивающей рост доли ВИЭ до 65% в потреблении электроэнергии в энергосистеме Германии. Электрические станции, Выпуск 9 (1070) 2020

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    The aggravation of global problems of the mankind caused the contradictions in social development. Current social situation demands the professional activity of specially trained people social workers. Professional activity of social workers depends on the quality of their training in the system of continuing education. The consideration of the matter supposes the analysis of the theoretical approaches suggested by domestic scientists that describe the historical aspects of the creation of the training system of social workers, the quality of preparation, competence measurement criteria of social workers in continuing education. The presented article is a theoretical one as it is aimed at the search of scientific approaches and defines the prospects of their experimental confirmation. Обострение глобальных проблем человечества обусловило противоречия социального развития. Сложившаяся ситуация требует профессионального вмешательства специально подготовленных людей социальных работников. Профессиональная деятельность социальных работников зависит от качества их подготовки в системе непрерывного образования. Рассмотрение данного вопроса предполагает изучение теоретических подходов отечественных ученых, раскрывающих исторические аспекты создания системы подготовки специалистов социальной работы, качество подготовки, критерии измерения компетенции в системе непрерывной подготовки социальных работников. Представленная статья носит теоретический характер, так как предполагает поиск научных подходов и определяет перспективы их экспериментального подтверждения.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Manusov V.Z.; Pavlyuchenko D.A.; Ahyoev J.S.;

    An important advantage of transformers with high-temperature superconducting winding is their ability to limit the short-circuit currents. The article discusses a physico-mathematical model that analyses transient processes at short-circuit currents in electrical networks containing transformers with a high-temperature superconducting winding. One of the main ideas and objectives of this work is to investigate the process of short-circuit currents limiting by means of a transformer with a high-temperature superconductor winding, which makes it possible to combine two series-connected elements in one device: transformer and a reactor. The effectiveness of this method is due to the fact that when the short-circuit currents exceed the critical value of the temperature of the superconductor winding, it goes to the normal state with high winding resistance for short-circuit currents. It is important to know when a superconductor should go over to a normal state with the loss of superconductivity. For this purpose, a program was developed to determine the amount of heat generated by a short-circuit current flowing before it is disconnected. For a transformer with high-temperature superconducting winding with a capacity of 40 MVA, a short circuit must be eliminated after 0.1 seconds, without switching off the transformer. To limit the short-circuit current; it is intended to use a hybrid winding. The performed assessment showed that the return of the winding to the superconducting state, first, depends on the ratio of the short-circuit currents to the operating current. This is the criterion for the return/non-return to the superconducting state.

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    ZENODO
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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Правовое обеспечение развития солнечной энергетики». Настоящая выпускная квалификационная работа посвящена всестороннему анализу обеспечения развития солнечной энергетики, а также выявлению проблем правового регулирования использования солнечной энергетики и определению перспектив дальнейшего развития этой отрасли. Задачи, которые решались в ходе проведения данной работы: • Раскрытие понятия термина «энергии» с точки зрения юриспруденции; • Анализ действующих основ правового регулирования отношений в сфере энергетики в Российской Федерации; • Изучение энергетической стратегии Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года и анализ ее правового обеспечения; • Исследование международного опыта развития солнечной энергетики и использования других возобновляемых источников энергии; • Выявление проблем правового регулирования развития и использования солнечной энергетики; • Определение перспектив для развития солнечной энергетики. Ð’ ходе проведения изучения теоретического и нормативного материала, а также при решении поставленных задач было дано определение «энергии», а также изучены правовое регулирование развития солнечной энергетики в Российской Федерации и международный опыт в данной сфере. Результаты проделанной работы и отдельные рекомендации могут быть использованы для изменения действующего законодательства Российской Федерации с целью совершенствования развития правового обеспечения солнечной энергетики. The subject of the graduate qualification work is: “Legal support for the development of solar energy”. This final qualification work is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the development of solar energy, as well as identifying the problems of legal regulation of the use of solar energy and determining the prospects for further development of this industry. Tasks that were solved in the course of this work: • Disclosure of the concept of the term “energy” from the point of view of jurisprudence; • Analysis of the current foundations of legal regulation of relations in the energy sector in the Russian Federation; • Study of the energy strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030 and analysis of its legal support; • Study of international experience in the development of solar energy and the use of other renewable energy sources; • Identification of problems of legal regulation of the development and use of solar energy; • Identification of prospects for the development of solar energy. In the course of the study of theoretical and regulatory material, as well as in solving the tasks, the definition of “energy” was given, as well as the legal regulation of the development of solar energy in the Russian Federation and international experience in this field were studied. The results of the work done and individual recommendations can be used to amend the current legislation of the Russian Federation in order to improve the development of legal support for solar energy.

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  • Потребление энергии во всем мире по ряду причин: рост численности населения, индустриализация и быстрый экономический рост развивающихся стран постоянно увеличивается. Наиболее распространенное газовое топливо природный газ имеет низкую себестоимость добычи. Она меньше аналогичного показателя для жидкого топлива в 2-3 раза, а для каменного угля в 6-12 раз. При передаче природного газа по трубопроводу на расстояние 1,5-2,5 тыс. км его себестоимость с учетом транспортных издержек в 1,5-2 раза ниже себестоимости каменного угля, при этом не нужны топливные склады. Установки, работающие на газовом топливе, обладают более высоким КПД по сравнению с установками, использующими другие виды топлива, они проще и дешевле в эксплуатации, сравнительно легко автоматизируются, что повышает безопасность и улучшает ведение технологического процесса, не требуют сложных устройств топливоподачи и золоудаления. Сгорает газ с минимальным количеством вредных выбросов, что улучшает санитарные условия и экологию. Однако в связи с истощением запасов основных источников энергии многие специалисты связывают будущее мировой энергетики с возможностями применения твердых энергоносителей. С экологической точки зрения наиболее предпочтительной является технология газификации твердого топлива. Внедрил и популяризовал применение искусственного газа английский механик Вильям Мёрдок. Он получил светильный газ, произведя сухую перегонку каменного угля. После изобретения немецким химиком Робертом Бунзеном газовой горелки светильный газ начал применяться в качестве бытового топлива. С изобретением в 1861 г. братьями Сименс промышленного газогенератора появилась возможность получать более дешевый генераторный газ, на который стали переводить промышленные печи. Так как теплота сгорания получаемого в результате газификации генераторного газа относительно мала по сравнению с природным газом, то в Горном университете были проведены исследования возможности использования различных видов низкосортного технологического топлива на глиноземных заводах России в качестве альтернативы природному газу, доступ к которому имеется не во всех регионах. Power consumption across the globe is constantly increasing for a variety of reasons: growing population, industrialization and fast economic growth. The most widespread gaseous fuel natural gas has the low production cost. It is 2-3 times cheaper than liquid fuel production and 6-12 times cheaper than coal production. When natural gas is transported to distances from 1.5 to 2.5 thousand km by the pipeline, its cost with account of transportation is 1.5-2 times less than the cost of coal and the fuel storage facilities are not needed. Plants powered by natural gas have the higher efficiency as compared to the plants operating on other types of fuel. They are easier and cheaper to maintain and are relatively simple in automation, thus enhancing safety and improving the production process flow, do not require complicated fuel feeding or ash handling systems. Gas is combusted with a minimum amount of polluting emissions, which adds to better sanitary conditions and environment protection. But due to depletion of major energy resources many experts see the future of the global energy industry in opportunities associated with the use of solid energy carriers. From the environmental perspective solid fuel gasification is a preferred technology. The use of synthetic gas was first offered and then put to mass scale by English mechanical engineer William Murdoch. He discovered a possibility to use gas for illumination by destructive distillation of bituminous coal. After invention of the gas burner by Robert Bunsen, the illumination gas began to be used as a household fuel. The invention of an industrial gas generator by Siemens brothers made it possible to produce a cheaper generator gas which became a fuel for industrial furnaces. As the calorific value of generator gas produced through gasification is relatively low compared to natural gas, the Mining University studied possibilities to use different types of low grade process fuel at the Russian alumina refineries as an alternative to natural gas, access to which is restricted for some of the regions. №4 (220) (2017)

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    На первых этапах трудовой деятельности молодые инженеры (вчерашние выпускники-бакалавры) испытывают трудности в решении профессиональных задач из-за отсутствия практического опыта работ на производстве. Разработка модели формирования практико-ориентированных компетенций у бакалавров-инженеров позволит разработать основную образовательную программу с учетом требований, предъявляемых федеральными государственными образовательными и профессиональными стандартами. В данной работе на примере подготовки бакалавров по направлению 15.03.04 «Автоматизация технологических процессов и производств» приведено сопоставление соответствующих обобщенных трудовых функций профессиональных стандартов (ПС) и видов профессиональной деятельности федерального государственного образовательного стандарта (ФГОС). В результате проведенного сопоставления выявлена необходимость участия потенциальных работодателей при разработке основной образовательной программы при ее реализации, приведены рекомендации для формирования практико-ориентированных компетенций у бакалавров-инженеров, что приведет к повышению качества образования. At the beginning of their work professional career young engineers (graduates with a Bachelor’s degree) face difficulties in professional tasks solving due to the lack of practical experience. The development of a practically oriented competences formation model for the engineers with a Bachelor’s degree will allow the creation of principal educational program taking into account Federal state educational and occupational standards requirements. A comparison of the corresponding generalized labour functions in occupational standards and the types of professional activity in the Federal state educational standard is given in this paper in the context of 15.03.04 “Technological processes and production automation” concerning Bachelors’ training. As a result, the necessity of potential employers’ participation in principal educational program development and implementation is revealed. Some recommendations are given about how to develop practically oriented competences in engineers with a Bachelor’s so as to improve the quality of education.

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    The work solves the problem of assessing the operation modes of the Integrated Power System (IPS) of Ukraine taking into account the power flows increase to the states borders for integration into the ENTSO-E power system. The Transmission System Development Plan for 2021-2030 is considered, in which the construction of southern transit power lines is planned. The issue of the redistribution of power flows in the electric network with the possibility of transferring power from the eastern regions of Ukraine to the western ones is considered. The analysis of the optimal increase in the connection cross-section into ENTSO-E networks by introducing southern transit. The purpose of the work is to analyze and evaluate the introduction of southern transit power lines by a high voltage direct current network based on voltage source converters in the electric network of the Ukraine power system. This problem was solved with creating a model of an electric network of 750 and 330 kV of the Ukraine IPS, analyzing the simulation results and comparing the network operation modes when introducing southern transit by an alternating and direct current. The most significant results of the work are the proof of the technical feasibility of introducing southern transit on direct current with the ability to influence the capacities flow distribution. Significance of the obtained results consists in the development of the Ukraine IPS model with the direct current lines introduction, which allows to analyze the electric network operating modes while introduction of southern transit by direct current.

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    Authors: Alexander Shuravin; Sergey Vologdin; Maxim Gorokhov; Grigory Blagodatsky;

    The article substantiates the relevance of optimization algorithms research as for solving various applied problems as for the science of artificial intelligence. The need to solve problems of optimizing the thermal and hydraulic modes of buildings as part of the project "Smart City" explains. The article presents a mathematical formulation of the problem of optimizing the temperature mode of rooms using adjustable devices, as well as two methods for solving the posed problem: the coordinates search method and the genetic algorithm. A description of the above algorithms, including the mathematical apparatus used, is given. The objective function is described as the standard deviation of the temperature of the heated rooms. A method for calculating the temperature of air in a heated indoor area is given by solving the heat balance equation, including a method for calculating incoming heat fluxes from a radiator and outgoing heat fluxes through enclosing structures. Calculation formulas are given. The idea of improving these methods through preliminary insulation measures, which consists in installing additional sections of radiators in “cold” rooms, is considered. An algorithm for automatically issuing recommendations on the installation of additional sections of radiators is described. This algorithm consists in reading information from the database and comparing the calculated heat input from radiators with their rated power. In the event of a power lack, recommendations are issued on the installation of additional radiator sections. The results of the computational experiment for the considered optimization methods are presented. In conclusion, it was shown that the genetic algorithm shows better optimization results than the coordinates search method, but it has a large computational cost. The hypothesis was confirmed that in order to increase the efficiency of solving the considered class of problems, it is necessary to combine the genetic algorithm and gradient methods.

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  • В статье всесторонне рассматривается вопрос актуальности оценки перекрёстного субсидирования в тепловой энергетике и их прямого влияния на тарифы для конечных потребителей тепловой энергии. Вопрос рассмотрен как с теоретической так и практической стороны, для создания наиболее объективной оценки. На основание полученных результатов проведена экономическая оценка результатов субсидирование. The article comprehensively examines the issue of the relevance of the assessment of cross-subsidization in thermal energy and their direct impact on tariffs for final consumers of thermal energy. The question is considered both from the theoretical and practical side, in order to create the most objective assessment. Based on the results obtained, an economic assessment of the results of subsidization was carried out.

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    В статье рассмотрены наиболее распространение типы накопителей энергии, используемые для транспортных средств. Показано, что существующие критерии не могут дать полную оценку накопителей энергии для автономных транспортных средств, т.к. не учитывают транспортную составляющую. Предложено дополнить существующие критерии тремя новыми (доработанными) показателями, которые учитывают затраты на транспортировку накопителей энергии. Выполнен анализ накопителей энергии, которые используются на конкретных транспортных средствах, с учетом предложенной системы критериев. At present, in the majority of autonomous vehicles, the energy source is power units based on internal combustion engines. As known, such power units provide optimum economical operation in only one power, speed and temperature operating mode, and in other modes, their energy effi ciency (fuel consumption) is much, sometimes several times, lower than in the optimal mode. Therefore, the greatest prospectives in the fi eld of energy savings lie in the research that will allow the internal combustion engine work in the optimal mode under all motion modes of a vehicle. The coeffi cient of effi ciency of the transport system with non-autonomous vehicles that draw power from a contact network are largely dependent on the relative position of vehicles and traction substation. Being near substations or working in stopping mode and not regenerative braking, traction network losses are low, still in the other modes they can reduce the overall effi ciency of the system by tens of percent’s. One of the solutions to these problems is the use of energy storage devices that ensure economical operation of autonomous power plants, improve the dynamic performance of vehicles, and improve the effi ciency of their support systems. The paper presents the most common types of energy storage devices for vehicles: electrochemical, condensing, mechanical and pneumatic. The substantiation of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of energy storage for vehicles, taking into account the cost of transporting them. The criteria suggested for assessing the energy storage of vehicles allow conducting comparative analysis of different, at nominal parameters and principles of action, devices, according to their use on vehicles where transport costs can be signifi cant. The conducted analysis of specifi c examples of energy storage devices and vehicles has led to the following conclusions: for the most of considered vehicles, the best performance based on the criterion of specifi c energy costs are gel batteries AGM, and in terms of specifi c power ratings cost - the mechanical energy storage.

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  • The electricity cost increase in the energy system as a result of increase of the share of renewable energy sources (RES) use, creates economic preconditions for the transition of industrial consumers to use of their own generating sources. A system of discounts to the price of electricity has been developed for industrial consumers in the German power system. The surcharge for supporting the development of RES for basic consumers can be reduced by 95%, and the network charge by 80%. In this paper, we estimate the cost of electric energy in Autonomous and centralized power supply systems for the target structure of generating capacity, which provides an increase in the share of RES up to 65% in electricity consumption in the German power system. Рост цены электроэнергии в результате роста доли ВИЭ в энергосистеме создаёт экономические предпосылки для перехода промышленных потребителей на электроснабжение от собственных генерирующих источников. Для промышленных потребителей в энергосистеме Германии разработана система скидок к цене электроэнергии. Сбор на поддержку использования развития ВИЭ для базовых потребителей может быть снижен на 95%, а сетевая плата -- на 80%. В представленной работе выполнены оценки стоимости электрической энергии в системах автономного и централизованного электроснабжения для целевой структуры генерирующих мощностей, обеспечивающей рост доли ВИЭ до 65% в потреблении электроэнергии в энергосистеме Германии. Электрические станции, Выпуск 9 (1070) 2020

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    The aggravation of global problems of the mankind caused the contradictions in social development. Current social situation demands the professional activity of specially trained people social workers. Professional activity of social workers depends on the quality of their training in the system of continuing education. The consideration of the matter supposes the analysis of the theoretical approaches suggested by domestic scientists that describe the historical aspects of the creation of the training system of social workers, the quality of preparation, competence measurement criteria of social workers in continuing education. The presented article is a theoretical one as it is aimed at the search of scientific approaches and defines the prospects of their experimental confirmation. Обострение глобальных проблем человечества обусловило противоречия социального развития. Сложившаяся ситуация требует профессионального вмешательства специально подготовленных людей социальных работников. Профессиональная деятельность социальных работников зависит от качества их подготовки в системе непрерывного образования. Рассмотрение данного вопроса предполагает изучение теоретических подходов отечественных ученых, раскрывающих исторические аспекты создания системы подготовки специалистов социальной работы, качество подготовки, критерии измерения компетенции в системе непрерывной подготовки социальных работников. Представленная статья носит теоретический характер, так как предполагает поиск научных подходов и определяет перспективы их экспериментального подтверждения.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Bulletin of the Sout...arrow_drop_down
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