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  • Energy Research
  • 13. Climate action
  • 12. Responsible consumption
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ganiev, R. T.;

    В статье на основе современных климатических данных и письменных источников рассматриваются природные аномалии 534–545 гг., во время которых отмечалось сильное и продолжительное похолодание, повлекшее за собой глобальные этнополитические изменения в средневековом мире. Это время оказалось судьбоносным для Центральной Азии и населявших ее кочевников — восточных тюрков. Впервые выдвигается тезис о влиянии природно-климатических аномалий 534–545 гг. как главной предпосылки образования и возвышения государства древних тюрков — Тюркского каганата. The work analyses the natural anomalies of 534–545 with the help of modern climate data and written sources. The period in question was noted for its sharp and long lasting cooling that led to global ethno-political changes in the Medieval Ages. It exerted a strong influence on Central Asia and the nomads who peopled it — the Turks (Tujue). This work is the first to advance the thesis on the influence of natural and climatic anomalies of 534–545 as being the main prerequisite for the birth and rise of the ancient Turkic state – the Turkic Empire. The Turks took advantage of the complicated political situation in the region and set up a powerful and military efficient state. Thus, the Turkic Empire became a stronghold together with other powerful states of the time, namely: China, the Sasanian Empire and Byzantium, which grew weaker due to extreme climate, impact (starvation and plague).

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    Authors: V.M. Sushchikh; M.L. Sit; A.A. Juravliov; D.M. Suvorov;

    The work relates to the problems of using heat pumps in district heating systems. The aim of the study is to increase the energy economic efficiency of combined heat supply systems with heat pumps using natural refrigerants. This goal is achieved by developing a scheme of the system in which part of the building is heated centrally from the CHP, and the other part is from a heat pump installed in the building, and heat pump which receives low potential heat from the return network water leaving the part of the building, - centralized, and from outside air. The most significant results of the work are the developed scheme of a carbon dioxide heat pump, which combines both the possibilities of working in a quantitative heat supply system and when preparing hot water for buildings in a non-heating period. The significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the proposed technical solution allows to reduce significantly fuel consumption for thermal power plants and the costs of consumers when they pay for consumed energy. Heat pump circuits have also been established for the quantitative law of regulating the operation mode of the heat supply system. With the proposed scheme of operation, the heat pump for domestic hot water works only in the non-heating period, and domestic hot water is provided during the heating period from the CHP.

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    Authors: Shilin A. N.; Shilin A.A.; Dement’ev S. S.;

    Studying the problem of diagnosing high-voltage lines is the goal of this research. The high accident rate of overhead lines due to icing and current overloads makes this problem important. Current overloads during distributed power generation lead to overheating of the lines. The goal of the research is achieved due to the fact, that the article notes the relationship between icing and overloads. The necessity of joint solution of these problems and the development of the concept of a multifunctional measuring system is proved. For this, an analysis of the main parameters that determine the mode of operation of overhead lines is carried out. Technical solutions for the measurement of these quantities are considered. The detection of ice formation by comparing the values of dew points and desublimation is described. The calculation of the limiting current load taking into account weather conditions is given. The amount of sagging wires is selected as a universal characteristic of the state of the line. A significant result of the study is the optical method of icing control. This method consists in measuring the coordinates of the line wires through a weatherproof CCTV-camera. To do this, optical tags and a temperature sensor are placed on the wires. The optimal architecture of the measuring system for assessing the climatic impact is given. The significance of the results is that a multifunctional and high-precision system without expensive load sensors is proposed. The conclusion about the importance of the results for building a smart grid is made.

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  • Объект исследования: морская стационарная платформа. Цели работы: - рассчитать устойчивость морской стационарной платформы с учетом требований нормальной эксплуатации в течение всего срока службы; - рассчитать остойчивость платформы при транспортировке и постановке на точку бурения. Ð’ данной бакалаврской работе произведен расчет морской стационарной платформы на действие внешних нагрузок; выполнена проверка устойчивости сооружения на опрокидывание и плоский сдвиг; рассчитана остойчивость сооружения при транспортировке и погружении. Object of study: the stationary offshore platform. The purposes of work: - to calculate sustainability of stationary offshore platform according to exploitation security during the entire service time; - to calculate stability of stationary offshore platform in the process of transportation. In this bachelor’s work, the stationary offshore platform was calculated for external loads; the check of sustainability was done for rollover and flat shearing; the platform stability for transportation and sinking was calculated.

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  • Цель данной работы - представить анализ методологий управления электроэнергией политехнического университета, используемых стратегий и проектов, ориентированных на качество и постоянное улучшение процессов управления. Проведение исследования привело к представлению предложений, направленных на выявление, характеристику и улучшение процессов Методологии энергоменеджмента, используемой в Университете. Кроме того, это позволило предложить еще один, который может быть использован в качестве альтернативы для университета и для любой корпорации, которая хочет внедрить Энергетический менеджмент, независимо от ее отрасли деятельности. Ð’ связи со стратегическим состоянием ввода электроэнергии, связанным с вопросами спроса и предложения, затратами и воздействием на окружающую среду, стоит подчеркнуть важность применения методологий управления, чтобы обеспечить наилучшие технические, экономические результаты и вносят эффективный вклад в решения по рациональному использованию энергии. Ð’ этом смысле было проведено исследование для определения моделей, доступных для этого приложения. Наиболее значимые результаты были получены при подготовке кейса по энергетическому менеджменту, разработанного проектом AREA21, частью которого является наш университет, и примененного главным энергетическим управлением СПБПУ, где на основе некоторых теоретических ссылок можно было идентифицировать Менеджмент Принята методология и предлагаются некоторые изменения в ее структуре, чтобы установить практику проведения цикла непрерывного совершенствования. Кроме того, в качестве альтернативы были указаны другие проекты, и они могут использоваться другими заинтересованными организациями, будь то государственные или частные, внося важный вклад в общество в целом. The objective of this work is to present an analysis of electric energy management methodologies from the polytechnic university, strategies and pro-jects used centered on the quality and continuous improvement of management processes. The conduct of the research led to the presentation of proposals aimed at identifying, characterizing, and improving the processes of the Energy Man-agement Methodology used at the University. In addition, it made it possible to propose another one, which can be used as an alternative for the university and for any corporation that wants to implement an Energy Management, regardless of its branch of activity. Due to the strategic condition of the electric energy in-put, linked to issues of supply and demand, costs and the impacts generated on the environment, it is worth emphasizing the importance of applying manage-ment methodology (s) in order to enable the best technical, economic results and contribute effectively to solutions for the rational use of energy. In this sense, research was carried out to identify the models available for this application. The most significant results were obtained when preparing the Energy Management case study developed by the AREA21 project of which our university is a part and applied by the chief energy department of SPBPU, where it was possible to identify, based on some theoretical references, the Management Methodology adopted and propose some changes in its structure, in order to es-tablish the practice of carrying out the cycle of continuous improvement. In addi-tion, other projects have been indicated as an alternative, and they can be used by other interested entities, be it public or private, generating important contribu-tions to society as a whole.

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  • The conversion of power plants to combustion of solid fuel mixtures based on coal and biomass can promote the reduction of the consumption of solid fossil fuels and improve the environmental performance of power units. The purpose of this study is the thermal analysis of brown coals, aspen sawdust and their mixtures in the air flow at a heating rate of 20 °C/min. The temperatures at which ignition of the coke residue of fuels occurs (360 °C for coal and 301 °C for biomass) and other combustion characteristics under conditions of nonisothermal heating have been determined. The addition of a sawdust to coal is shown to improve the combustion characteristics. With an increase in the sawdust mass fraction in the mixture, the temperature ranges of the main stages of combustion of volatile substances and coke residue are shifted towards lower temperatures thus reducing the temperature at which the combustion of mixtures is completed. Перевод энергетических установок на сжигание твердотопливных смесей на основе угля и биомассы может способствовать снижению потребления твердого ископаемого топлива, а также улучшению их экологических характеристики. Цель работы — термический анализ бурого угля, опилок осины и их смесей в потоке воздуха со скоростью нагрева 20 °С/мин. Установлены температуры, при которых происходит воспламенение коксового остатка топлив (360 °С для угля и 301 °С для биомассы), и другие характеристики горения в условиях неизотермического нагрева. Показано, что добавление опилок к углю улучшает характеристики горения. При увеличении массовой доли опилок в смеси диапазоны температур основных стадий горения летучих веществ и коксового остатка смещаются в область более низких температур, снижая температуру, при которой завершается процесс горения смесей. Промышленная энергетика, Выпуск 7 2023, Pages 37-43

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    Authors: Sokolskaya E., V.; Kochurov B., I.; Dolgov Yu., A.; Lobkovsky V., A.;

    The article considers mathematical approach to environmental quality management to improve the ecological comfort of living for the population. The problem of environmental management is described using a multi-factor model of quality of the environment with the weight coefficients of the importance of its components: atmospheric air, acoustic impact, soil, water resources, and green spaces, accessibility of natural and recreational areas. The values of weight coefficients of importance of influencing factors for environmentally comfortable living are determined by the method of expert assessment. A multi-factor model is used for detailed assessment of the ecological quality of the urban environment. The proposed quantitative approach also allows to compare the environmental comfort of the different residential districts or to study the dynamics of environmental comfort of specific urban area. Much attention is paid to scientific and methodological principles of management and the formation of the concept of «environmental quality». The strategy of environmental management with ecological foundation of various practical solution is shown. The plan of measures on organization of optimal management of quality of the environment to improve comfort of living for the population of the residential microdistrict of Tiraspol is presented. Graphical scheme of the results of integral analysis of various environmental indicators and assessments for improving the comfort of the environment is given. Realization of environmental quality management of the urban areas on the basis of a multi-factor model contributes to the gradual change of dangerous ecological conditions of environmental factors, to increase a comfort of the territory taking into account the real preferences and needs of the population.

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    Theoretical and Applied Ecology
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Theoretical and Applied Ecology
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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Оценка экономического эффекта от реализации программы энергосбережения и повышения энергетической эффективности ПАО «Транснефть». Данная работа посвящается оценке эффективности мероприятий и технологий, включенных в программу энергосбережения и повышения энергетической эффективности ПАО «Транснефть». Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: - классификация методов, направленных на повышение энергоэффективности оборудования и технологий, используемых при осуществлении деятельности компании; - оценка влияния данных подходов на показатели энергосбережения; - расчет комплексного показателя энергетической эффективности; - выявление перспектив развития программы энергосбережения компании. Работа проведена на базе ПАО «Транснефть». Все данные были собраны на основе открытых источников: годовых отчетов, отчетов об устойчивом развитии, бухгалтерской отчетности (бухгалтерского баланса, отчета о финансовых результатах, аудиторских заключениях по бухгалтерской отчетности), публикациях СМИ. Был проведен анализ используемых топливно-энергетических ресурсов, а также анализ удельной величины потерь электроэнергии при транспортировке нефти и нефтепродуктов. С помощью методики по оценке энергетической эффективности и безопасности нефтяной компании был проведен расчет комплексного показателя энергетической эффективности и безопасности. Результаты анализа использования топливно-энергетических ресурсов показали, что при увеличении масштаба деятельности компании объем многих используемых ресурсов сократился, но затраты выросли за счет увеличения тарифа. Снижение показателя удельной величины потерь электроэнергии является следствием мероприятий по энергосбережению и повышению энергетической эффективности. Комплексный показатель указывает на то, что энергетическая эффективность компании находится на среднем уровне. The subject of the graduate qualification work is «Evaluation of the economic effect of implementation of the energy saving program and enhancement of energy efficiency of Transneft JSC» This work is devoted to assessing the effectiveness of measures and technologies included in the program of energy conservation and improving energy efficiency of Transneft. Tasks that were solved during the study: - systematization of approaches aimed at improving the energy efficiency of equipment and technologies used in oil transportation; - assessment of the impact of these approaches on energy conservation indicators; - calculation of a comprehensive indicator of energy efficiency; - providing prospects for the development of the company’s energy conservation program. The work was carried out on the basis of PJSC Transneft. All data was collected on the basis of open sources: annual reports, reports on sustainable development, financial statements (balance sheet, statement of financial results, audit reports on financial statements), media publications. An analysis of the fuel and energy resources used was carried out, as well as an analysis of the specific magnitude of energy losses during the transportation of oil and oil products. Using a methodology for assessing the energy efficiency and safety of an oil company, a comprehensive indicator of energy efficiency and safety was calculated. The results of the analysis of the use of fuel and energy resources showed that with an increase in the scale of the company’s activities, the volume of many resources used decreased, but the costs increased due to an increase in the tariff. The decrease in the indicator of the specific value of electric energy losses during transportation of oil and oil products is a consequence of measures aimed at saving energy and increasing energy efficiency. A comprehensive indicator shows that the company's energy efficiency is at an average level.

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  • The results of the development of renewable energy in Russia in 2021 are presented: the installed capacity of renewable energy facilities was 51.2 GW, electricity generation was 216 TWh/year; including hydroelectric power plants, including small ones (MPPS) – 51.2 GW, 210 TWh/year; wind power plants – 2.035 GW, 3.622 TWh/yearyear; SES – 1,961 GW, 2,254 TWh/year; GEOS – 0.084 GW, 0.422 TWh/year. Manufacturers of equipment for renewable energy facilities are represented by two plants that produce equipment for photovoltaic facilities, six plants that produce equipment for wind power plants, plants for the manufacture of equipment for hydroelectric power plants, MGES and GeoES. The data on scientific support for the development of renewable energy in 16 universities and two institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences are presented. Five university scientific schools have been identified in Moscow (NRU MEI and MSU), St. Petersburg (SPbPU), Yekaterinburg (URFU), Chelyabinsk (SUSU). For each of the scientific schools, the main areas of work and their leaders are indicated, the topics of scientific publications over the past five years, the number of dissertations on renewable energy, scientific achievements. The cooperation of the NRU MEI and SPbPU with the parent organization of the Russian Federation for renewable energy – PJSC RusHydro, their leading scientific positions on hydropower, including in Arctic conditions, was noted. An example of interdisciplinary research is the activity of the NIL RES of Moscow State University, the country's leading scientific organization engaged in the study of biofuel production based on the use of seaweed, as well as the development of wave power plants. Представлены результаты развития возобновляемой энергетики России в 2021 г.: установленная мощность объектов возобновляемой энергетики составила 55,29 ГВт, выработка электроэнергии — 216 ТВт·ч/год; в том числе ГЭС, включая малые (МГЭС) — 51,22 ГВт, 210 ТВт·ч/год; ВЭС — 2,035 ГВт, 3,622 ТВт·ч/год; СЭС — 1,961 ГВт, 2,254 ТВт·ч/год; ГеоЭС — 0,074 ГВт, 0,422 ТВт·ч/год. Производители оборудования для объектов возобновляемой энергетики представлены двумя заводами, выпускающими оборудование для объектов фотоэнергетики, шестью заводами, выпускающими оборудование для ветроэнергетических установок, заводами по изготовлению оборудования для ГЭС, МГЭС и ГеоЭС. Приведены данные о научном обеспечении развития возобновляемой энергетики в 16 вузах и двух учреждениях РАН. Выделены пять вузовских научных школ в Москве (НИУ МЭИ и МГУ), Санкт-Петербурге (СПбПУ), Екатеринбурге (УРФУ), Челябинске (ЮУрГУ). Для каждой из научных школ указаны основные направления работы и их лидеры, тематика научных публикаций за последние пять лет, число диссертаций по возобновляемой энергетике, научные достижения. Отмечено сотрудничество НИУ МЭИ и СПбПУ с головной организацией РФ по возобновляемой энергетике — ПАО «РусГидро», их ведущие научные позиции по гидроэнергетике, в том числе в арктических условиях. Примером междисциплинарных исследований представляется деятельность НИЛ ВИЭ МГУ, ведущей научной организации страны, занимающейся изучением производства биотоплива на основе использования морских водорослей, а также разработкой волновых электростанций. Энергетик, Выпуск 8 2023, Pages 43-47

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  • Целью данного исследования является проведение анализа особенностей энергетической политики Великобритании и определение преимуществ и недостатков данной страны в области энергетики, а также выявление перспектив и вызовов, стоящих перед ней в этой области. Объектом данного исследования является энергетическая политика и стратегия Великобритании в сравнении с другими странами Европы. Предметом исследования являются особенности энергетической политики и стратегии страны в области энергетической политики, а также факторы, определяющие ее положение на мировом рынке энергоресурсов. The purpose of this study is to analyze the UK's national energy policy and identify the advantages and disadvantages of countries in this area of energy, as well as to identify the prospects and challenges facing it in this area. The subject of this study is UK energy policy and strategy from the perspective of other European countries. The subject of the study is the features of the country's energy policy and strategy in the field of energy policy, as well as the factors that determine its position in the world energy market.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ganiev, R. T.;

    В статье на основе современных климатических данных и письменных источников рассматриваются природные аномалии 534–545 гг., во время которых отмечалось сильное и продолжительное похолодание, повлекшее за собой глобальные этнополитические изменения в средневековом мире. Это время оказалось судьбоносным для Центральной Азии и населявших ее кочевников — восточных тюрков. Впервые выдвигается тезис о влиянии природно-климатических аномалий 534–545 гг. как главной предпосылки образования и возвышения государства древних тюрков — Тюркского каганата. The work analyses the natural anomalies of 534–545 with the help of modern climate data and written sources. The period in question was noted for its sharp and long lasting cooling that led to global ethno-political changes in the Medieval Ages. It exerted a strong influence on Central Asia and the nomads who peopled it — the Turks (Tujue). This work is the first to advance the thesis on the influence of natural and climatic anomalies of 534–545 as being the main prerequisite for the birth and rise of the ancient Turkic state – the Turkic Empire. The Turks took advantage of the complicated political situation in the region and set up a powerful and military efficient state. Thus, the Turkic Empire became a stronghold together with other powerful states of the time, namely: China, the Sasanian Empire and Byzantium, which grew weaker due to extreme climate, impact (starvation and plague).

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: V.M. Sushchikh; M.L. Sit; A.A. Juravliov; D.M. Suvorov;

    The work relates to the problems of using heat pumps in district heating systems. The aim of the study is to increase the energy economic efficiency of combined heat supply systems with heat pumps using natural refrigerants. This goal is achieved by developing a scheme of the system in which part of the building is heated centrally from the CHP, and the other part is from a heat pump installed in the building, and heat pump which receives low potential heat from the return network water leaving the part of the building, - centralized, and from outside air. The most significant results of the work are the developed scheme of a carbon dioxide heat pump, which combines both the possibilities of working in a quantitative heat supply system and when preparing hot water for buildings in a non-heating period. The significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the proposed technical solution allows to reduce significantly fuel consumption for thermal power plants and the costs of consumers when they pay for consumed energy. Heat pump circuits have also been established for the quantitative law of regulating the operation mode of the heat supply system. With the proposed scheme of operation, the heat pump for domestic hot water works only in the non-heating period, and domestic hot water is provided during the heating period from the CHP.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Shilin A. N.; Shilin A.A.; Dement’ev S. S.;

    Studying the problem of diagnosing high-voltage lines is the goal of this research. The high accident rate of overhead lines due to icing and current overloads makes this problem important. Current overloads during distributed power generation lead to overheating of the lines. The goal of the research is achieved due to the fact, that the article notes the relationship between icing and overloads. The necessity of joint solution of these problems and the development of the concept of a multifunctional measuring system is proved. For this, an analysis of the main parameters that determine the mode of operation of overhead lines is carried out. Technical solutions for the measurement of these quantities are considered. The detection of ice formation by comparing the values of dew points and desublimation is described. The calculation of the limiting current load taking into account weather conditions is given. The amount of sagging wires is selected as a universal characteristic of the state of the line. A significant result of the study is the optical method of icing control. This method consists in measuring the coordinates of the line wires through a weatherproof CCTV-camera. To do this, optical tags and a temperature sensor are placed on the wires. The optimal architecture of the measuring system for assessing the climatic impact is given. The significance of the results is that a multifunctional and high-precision system without expensive load sensors is proposed. The conclusion about the importance of the results for building a smart grid is made.

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  • Объект исследования: морская стационарная платформа. Цели работы: - рассчитать устойчивость морской стационарной платформы с учетом требований нормальной эксплуатации в течение всего срока службы; - рассчитать остойчивость платформы при транспортировке и постановке на точку бурения. Ð’ данной бакалаврской работе произведен расчет морской стационарной платформы на действие внешних нагрузок; выполнена проверка устойчивости сооружения на опрокидывание и плоский сдвиг; рассчитана остойчивость сооружения при транспортировке и погружении. Object of study: the stationary offshore platform. The purposes of work: - to calculate sustainability of stationary offshore platform according to exploitation security during the entire service time; - to calculate stability of stationary offshore platform in the process of transportation. In this bachelor’s work, the stationary offshore platform was calculated for external loads; the check of sustainability was done for rollover and flat shearing; the platform stability for transportation and sinking was calculated.

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  • Цель данной работы - представить анализ методологий управления электроэнергией политехнического университета, используемых стратегий и проектов, ориентированных на качество и постоянное улучшение процессов управления. Проведение исследования привело к представлению предложений, направленных на выявление, характеристику и улучшение процессов Методологии энергоменеджмента, используемой в Университете. Кроме того, это позволило предложить еще один, который может быть использован в качестве альтернативы для университета и для любой корпорации, которая хочет внедрить Энергетический менеджмент, независимо от ее отрасли деятельности. Ð’ связи со стратегическим состоянием ввода электроэнергии, связанным с вопросами спроса и предложения, затратами и воздействием на окружающую среду, стоит подчеркнуть важность применения методологий управления, чтобы обеспечить наилучшие технические, экономические результаты и вносят эффективный вклад в решения по рациональному использованию энергии. Ð’ этом смысле было проведено исследование для определения моделей, доступных для этого приложения. Наиболее значимые результаты были получены при подготовке кейса по энергетическому менеджменту, разработанного проектом AREA21, частью которого является наш университет, и примененного главным энергетическим управлением СПБПУ, где на основе некоторых теоретических ссылок можно было идентифицировать Менеджмент Принята методология и предлагаются некоторые изменения в ее структуре, чтобы установить практику проведения цикла непрерывного совершенствования. Кроме того, в качестве альтернативы были указаны другие проекты, и они могут использоваться другими заинтересованными организациями, будь то государственные или частные, внося важный вклад в общество в целом. The objective of this work is to present an analysis of electric energy management methodologies from the polytechnic university, strategies and pro-jects used centered on the quality and continuous improvement of management processes. The conduct of the research led to the presentation of proposals aimed at identifying, characterizing, and improving the processes of the Energy Man-agement Methodology used at the University. In addition, it made it possible to propose another one, which can be used as an alternative for the university and for any corporation that wants to implement an Energy Management, regardless of its branch of activity. Due to the strategic condition of the electric energy in-put, linked to issues of supply and demand, costs and the impacts generated on the environment, it is worth emphasizing the importance of applying manage-ment methodology (s) in order to enable the best technical, economic results and contribute effectively to solutions for the rational use of energy. In this sense, research was carried out to identify the models available for this application. The most significant results were obtained when preparing the Energy Management case study developed by the AREA21 project of which our university is a part and applied by the chief energy department of SPBPU, where it was possible to identify, based on some theoretical references, the Management Methodology adopted and propose some changes in its structure, in order to es-tablish the practice of carrying out the cycle of continuous improvement. In addi-tion, other projects have been indicated as an alternative, and they can be used by other interested entities, be it public or private, generating important contribu-tions to society as a whole.

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  • The conversion of power plants to combustion of solid fuel mixtures based on coal and biomass can promote the reduction of the consumption of solid fossil fuels and improve the environmental performance of power units. The purpose of this study is the thermal analysis of brown coals, aspen sawdust and their mixtures in the air flow at a heating rate of 20 °C/min. The temperatures at which ignition of the coke residue of fuels occurs (360 °C for coal and 301 °C for biomass) and other combustion characteristics under conditions of nonisothermal heating have been determined. The addition of a sawdust to coal is shown to improve the combustion characteristics. With an increase in the sawdust mass fraction in the mixture, the temperature ranges of the main stages of combustion of volatile substances and coke residue are shifted towards lower temperatures thus reducing the temperature at which the combustion of mixtures is completed. Перевод энергетических установок на сжигание твердотопливных смесей на основе угля и биомассы может способствовать снижению потребления твердого ископаемого топлива, а также улучшению их экологических характеристики. Цель работы — термический анализ бурого угля, опилок осины и их смесей в потоке воздуха со скоростью нагрева 20 °С/мин. Установлены температуры, при которых происходит воспламенение коксового остатка топлив (360 °С для угля и 301 °С для биомассы), и другие характеристики горения в условиях неизотермического нагрева. Показано, что добавление опилок к углю улучшает характеристики горения. При увеличении массовой доли опилок в смеси диапазоны температур основных стадий горения летучих веществ и коксового остатка смещаются в область более низких температур, снижая температуру, при которой завершается процесс горения смесей. Промышленная энергетика, Выпуск 7 2023, Pages 37-43

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sokolskaya E., V.; Kochurov B., I.; Dolgov Yu., A.; Lobkovsky V., A.;

    The article considers mathematical approach to environmental quality management to improve the ecological comfort of living for the population. The problem of environmental management is described using a multi-factor model of quality of the environment with the weight coefficients of the importance of its components: atmospheric air, acoustic impact, soil, water resources, and green spaces, accessibility of natural and recreational areas. The values of weight coefficients of importance of influencing factors for environmentally comfortable living are determined by the method of expert assessment. A multi-factor model is used for detailed assessment of the ecological quality of the urban environment. The proposed quantitative approach also allows to compare the environmental comfort of the different residential districts or to study the dynamics of environmental comfort of specific urban area. Much attention is paid to scientific and methodological principles of management and the formation of the concept of «environmental quality». The strategy of environmental management with ecological foundation of various practical solution is shown. The plan of measures on organization of optimal management of quality of the environment to improve comfort of living for the population of the residential microdistrict of Tiraspol is presented. Graphical scheme of the results of integral analysis of various environmental indicators and assessments for improving the comfort of the environment is given. Realization of environmental quality management of the urban areas on the basis of a multi-factor model contributes to the gradual change of dangerous ecological conditions of environmental factors, to increase a comfort of the territory taking into account the real preferences and needs of the population.

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    Theoretical and Applied Ecology
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  • Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Оценка экономического эффекта от реализации программы энергосбережения и повышения энергетической эффективности ПАО «Транснефть». Данная работа посвящается оценке эффективности мероприятий и технологий, включенных в программу энергосбережения и повышения энергетической эффективности ПАО «Транснефть». Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: - классификация методов, направленных на повышение энергоэффективности оборудования и технологий, используемых при осуществлении деятельности компании; - оценка влияния данных подходов на показатели энергосбережения; - расчет комплексного показателя энергетической эффективности; - выявление перспектив развития программы энергосбережения компании. Работа проведена на базе ПАО «Транснефть». Все данные были собраны на основе открытых источников: годовых отчетов, отчетов об устойчивом развитии, бухгалтерской отчетности (бухгалтерского баланса, отчета о финансовых результатах, аудиторских заключениях по бухгалтерской отчетности), публикациях СМИ. Был проведен анализ используемых топливно-энергетических ресурсов, а также анализ удельной величины потерь электроэнергии при транспортировке нефти и нефтепродуктов. С помощью методики по оценке энергетической эффективности и безопасности нефтяной компании был проведен расчет комплексного показателя энергетической эффективности и безопасности. Результаты анализа использования топливно-энергетических ресурсов показали, что при увеличении масштаба деятельности компании объем многих используемых ресурсов сократился, но затраты выросли за счет увеличения тарифа. Снижение показателя удельной величины потерь электроэнергии является следствием мероприятий по энергосбережению и повышению энергетической эффективности. Комплексный показатель указывает на то, что энергетическая эффективность компании находится на среднем уровне. The subject of the graduate qualification work is «Evaluation of the economic effect of implementation of the energy saving program and enhancement of energy efficiency of Transneft JSC» This work is devoted to assessing the effectiveness of measures and technologies included in the program of energy conservation and improving energy efficiency of Transneft. Tasks that were solved during the study: - systematization of approaches aimed at improving the energy efficiency of equipment and technologies used in oil transportation; - assessment of the impact of these approaches on energy conservation indicators; - calculation of a comprehensive indicator of energy efficiency; - providing prospects for the development of the company’s energy conservation program. The work was carried out on the basis of PJSC Transneft. All data was collected on the basis of open sources: annual reports, reports on sustainable development, financial statements (balance sheet, statement of financial results, audit reports on financial statements), media publications. An analysis of the fuel and energy resources used was carried out, as well as an analysis of the specific magnitude of energy losses during the transportation of oil and oil products. Using a methodology for assessing the energy efficiency and safety of an oil company, a comprehensive indicator of energy efficiency and safety was calculated. The results of the analysis of the use of fuel and energy resources showed that with an increase in the scale of the company’s activities, the volume of many resources used decreased, but the costs increased due to an increase in the tariff. The decrease in the indicator of the specific value of electric energy losses during transportation of oil and oil products is a consequence of measures aimed at saving energy and increasing energy efficiency. A comprehensive indicator shows that the company's energy efficiency is at an average level.

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  • The results of the development of renewable energy in Russia in 2021 are presented: the installed capacity of renewable energy facilities was 51.2 GW, electricity generation was 216 TWh/year; including hydroelectric power plants, including small ones (MPPS) – 51.2 GW, 210 TWh/year; wind power plants – 2.035 GW, 3.622 TWh/yearyear; SES – 1,961 GW, 2,254 TWh/year; GEOS – 0.084 GW, 0.422 TWh/year. Manufacturers of equipment for renewable energy facilities are represented by two plants that produce equipment for photovoltaic facilities, six plants that produce equipment for wind power plants, plants for the manufacture of equipment for hydroelectric power plants, MGES and GeoES. The data on scientific support for the development of renewable energy in 16 universities and two institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences are presented. Five university scientific schools have been identified in Moscow (NRU MEI and MSU), St. Petersburg (SPbPU), Yekaterinburg (URFU), Chelyabinsk (SUSU). For each of the scientific schools, the main areas of work and their leaders are indicated, the topics of scientific publications over the past five years, the number of dissertations on renewable energy, scientific achievements. The cooperation of the NRU MEI and SPbPU with the parent organization of the Russian Federation for renewable energy – PJSC RusHydro, their leading scientific positions on hydropower, including in Arctic conditions, was noted. An example of interdisciplinary research is the activity of the NIL RES of Moscow State University, the country's leading scientific organization engaged in the study of biofuel production based on the use of seaweed, as well as the development of wave power plants. Представлены результаты развития возобновляемой энергетики России в 2021 г.: установленная мощность объектов возобновляемой энергетики составила 55,29 ГВт, выработка электроэнергии — 216 ТВт·ч/год; в том числе ГЭС, включая малые (МГЭС) — 51,22 ГВт, 210 ТВт·ч/год; ВЭС — 2,035 ГВт, 3,622 ТВт·ч/год; СЭС — 1,961 ГВт, 2,254 ТВт·ч/год; ГеоЭС — 0,074 ГВт, 0,422 ТВт·ч/год. Производители оборудования для объектов возобновляемой энергетики представлены двумя заводами, выпускающими оборудование для объектов фотоэнергетики, шестью заводами, выпускающими оборудование для ветроэнергетических установок, заводами по изготовлению оборудования для ГЭС, МГЭС и ГеоЭС. Приведены данные о научном обеспечении развития возобновляемой энергетики в 16 вузах и двух учреждениях РАН. Выделены пять вузовских научных школ в Москве (НИУ МЭИ и МГУ), Санкт-Петербурге (СПбПУ), Екатеринбурге (УРФУ), Челябинске (ЮУрГУ). Для каждой из научных школ указаны основные направления работы и их лидеры, тематика научных публикаций за последние пять лет, число диссертаций по возобновляемой энергетике, научные достижения. Отмечено сотрудничество НИУ МЭИ и СПбПУ с головной организацией РФ по возобновляемой энергетике — ПАО «РусГидро», их ведущие научные позиции по гидроэнергетике, в том числе в арктических условиях. Примером междисциплинарных исследований представляется деятельность НИЛ ВИЭ МГУ, ведущей научной организации страны, занимающейся изучением производства биотоплива на основе использования морских водорослей, а также разработкой волновых электростанций. Энергетик, Выпуск 8 2023, Pages 43-47

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  • Целью данного исследования является проведение анализа особенностей энергетической политики Великобритании и определение преимуществ и недостатков данной страны в области энергетики, а также выявление перспектив и вызовов, стоящих перед ней в этой области. Объектом данного исследования является энергетическая политика и стратегия Великобритании в сравнении с другими странами Европы. Предметом исследования являются особенности энергетической политики и стратегии страны в области энергетической политики, а также факторы, определяющие ее положение на мировом рынке энергоресурсов. The purpose of this study is to analyze the UK's national energy policy and identify the advantages and disadvantages of countries in this area of energy, as well as to identify the prospects and challenges facing it in this area. The subject of this study is UK energy policy and strategy from the perspective of other European countries. The subject of the study is the features of the country's energy policy and strategy in the field of energy policy, as well as the factors that determine its position in the world energy market.

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