• Energy Research
• 5. Gender equality close

AbstractClimate change is one of the major global health threats to the world's population. It is brought on by global warming due in large part to increasing levels of greenhouse gases resulting from human activity, including burning fossil fuels (carbon dioxide), animal husbandry (methane from manure), industry emissions (ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide), vehicle/factory exhaust, and chlorofluorocarbon aerosols that trap extra heat in the earth's atmosphere. Resulting extremes of weather give rise to wildfires, air pollution, changes in ecology, and floods. These in turn result in displacement of populations, family disruption, violence, and major impacts on water quality and availability, food security, public health and economic infrastructures, and limited abilities for civil society to maintain citizen safety. Climate change also has direct impacts on human health and well‐being. Particularly vulnerable populations are affected, including women, pregnant women, children, the disabled, and the elderly, who comprise the majority of the poor globally. Additionally, the effects of climate change disproportionally affect disadvantaged communities, including low income and communities of color, and lower‐income countries that are at highest risk of adverse impacts when disasters occur due to inequitable distribution of resources and their socioeconomic status. The climate crisis is tilting the risk balance unfavorably for women's sexual and reproductive health and rights as well as newborn and child health. Obstetrician/gynecologists have the unique opportunity to raise awareness, educate, and advocate for mitigation strategies to reverse climate change affecting our patients and their families. This article puts climate change in the context of women's reproductive health as a public health issue, a social justice issue, a human rights issue, an economic issue, a political issue, and a gender issue that needs our attention now for the health and well‐being of this and future generations. FIGO joins a broad coalition of international researchers and the medical community in stating that the current climate crisis presents an imminent health risk to pregnant people, developing fetuses, and reproductive health, and recognizing that we need society‐wide solutions, government policies, and global cooperation to address and reduce contributors, including fossil fuel production, to climate change.

Family and caregiving leave are increasingly important dimensions for careers in academic science, and for vital, sustainable institutional structures. These forms of leave are intended to support equity, and particularly gender equity. A key question is how the actual use of leave affects critical milestones of advancement for women—compared to men—in (1) time to tenure and (2) the odds of promotion to full professor. We address this question with descriptive statistics and event history analyses, based on responses to a survey of 3688 US faculty members in 4 scientific fields within a range of Carnegie institutional types. We find that leave that stops the tenure clock extends time to tenure for both men and women—the effect is gender neutral. Promotion to full professor is another matter. Being a woman has a strong negative effect on the likelihood of promotion to full professor, and women are especially disadvantaged in promotion when they used tenure leave years earlier. These findings have implications for a life-course perspective on gender and advancement in academic science, the roles of caretaking and leave, and the intended and unintended consequences of leave policies for equitable and sustainable university systems.

Over the last ten years the number of projects mainstreaming gender and energy has steadily increased. Improvements have been made and milestones passed, while the issue has gained in visibility and outreach. Nevertheless, the incidence of energy poverty is still such that many gender and energy initiatives, particularly “stand-alone” projects, have made little difference to the lives of millions of poor women and men across Africa [1] . This study will closely examine two projects in West Africa, one with a particular stress on gender, the other conducted with little or no gender emphasis. Both the Multifunctional Platform (MFP) and the “butanisation” programme have been devised in the context of socio-economic realities and have the aim of bringing about changes that would diversify energy consumption patterns and help reduce poverty. The paper explains why both projects have been successful in their own right and examines how good supporting policy, well-thought-out training and capacity-building could help in replicating such stories and create a much bigger impact on the lives of rural and peri-urban women. The experience of the “butanisation” programme in Senegal bears witness to the (amended) adage “Where there is 'political' will there is a way”. Likewise, the MFP has changed village dynamics and given women, whose roles and status have hitherto been invisible, the opportunity to become owners and managers of an apparatus that provides energy services, and has huge positive time- and cost-saving implications as well as provides a potential source of income. Constraints and limitations experienced in both projects will be highlighted and a number of critical interventions proposed that will translate the energies exerted at conferences into real implementation on the ground.

Tarihte toplumlar belli donemler anaerkil olabilmekle birlikte genellikle ataerkil bir toplum duzeni icinde orgutlenmislerdir. Ataerkil toplum duzeni icerisinde cogunlukla kadinlara bakis acisi erkek gozu ile olmustur. Turklerin ataerkil bir toplum duzenine sahip olmasiyla birlikte kadina bakis acisi daha insani ve daha olumlu yondedir. Buna karsi pek cok toplum duzeninde kadina bakis acisi olumsuz yondedir. Kadin bazen bir seytan bazen de yilan olarak adlandirilmakta, ama genellikle uclu bir olgu olarak gorulmektedir. En eski toplumlardan olan Sumer, Misir, Yunan, Hint mitolojilerinde ve muhtemelen buna bagli olarak Musevilik ve Hiristiyanlikta seytan genellikle yilan ile iliskilendirilmis ve kozmik dunyanin yaratilmasina neden olmustur. Seytan ve yilan ya da seytanin tezahuru olan yilan, kadini kandirmis ve belki de gunumuze ulasan mitsel bir uclu ittifaki ortaya cikmistir. Ozellikle Hint mitolojisinde ve devaminda Budizm’de seytan ve yilan kozmosun olusmasina neden olmustur. Kadin da bunlara bagli olarak yeniden dogum ve olum dongusunu olusturmustur. Cunku kadin cahil ve sehvet doludur. Seytan, yilan ve kadin Budizm’de hem kozmosun olusmasini ve yeniden dogum-olum dongusunu hem de bastan cikariciligi ifade eder. Budist Uygur metinlerinde de bu olgulari anlatan pek cok ifade vardir.

Attention to gender and equity has lagged behind in climate change research, programming, national policy-making and in the international negotiations. Studies on climate change and gender links with climate change have initially and by necessity been somewhat speculative in nature. While all societies are affected by climate change, the impacts also vary by location, exposure, and context specific social characteristics, identity, power relations and political economy. This draws attention to recognition of difference and sameness and the way in which common, confusing, contradictory results emerge across and within terrains. In its concern for gender-blindness, this paper specifically considers the way in which climate variability impacts on men and women in a given locale and captures the enriched narratives and voices of both rural women and men in two selected villages in Lambani, Limpopo Province, South Africa. To build women's participation in national climate change adaptation planning and to take heed of the multiple entanglements around this topic, participatory processes are required that enable diverse groups of disadvantaged women's as well as men's voices to be heard by policy-makers. We use participatory action research (PAR) to capture people's emotions and perceptions around climate change. In our context, difference is not positioned as the opposition to sameness. It is also incorporated into the self as difference within and is seen as a means of becoming. We consider climatic impacts to be moments where the human and non-human rub up against each other and where human affect becomes tangible. Here our attention to affect is twofold. Not only does it allow for a more realistic reflection of entanglements with nature but also we see affect as being more than emotion as it is a dynamic opening up to possibilities that can effectuate change.

In our research article, we expect that the job attitudes of men and women should converge, and their declared different preferences for job attributes should decrease. We also expect that the preference for job attributes aimed at comfortable working conditions should be closer between men and women due to the growing balance of men’s and women’s role distribution within the household. Therefore, the main goal of the research, using quantitative research methods and using data from the European Values Study (EVS), is to identify the gender differences, if any, in the preferences for external and internal job attributes across selected EU member states. In particular, we focus on the importance of work for men and women; gender differences in job attributes; the preference for external and internal job attributes; the inclination of gender stereotypes and attitudes toward gender roles division; and the comparison of gender equality and job attribute preference in the selected EU countries. Our conclusions confirmed parallels between gender stereotypes and equality among the Western, Eastern, and Southern EU member states.

The aim of this paper is to scrutinize smart biking in the context of gendered innovations and sustainable transport. Based on media representations, interviews, reports and surveys, the paper situates the establishment of the Chinese biking company Mobike in the landscapes of recent innovation strategies. What are the gendered implications of shared biking and Mobike design and technology? Does Mobike provide a challenge to the car-centric developments of urban mobility in China? What are the broader lessons to be learned in terms of sustainable urban transport? The Mobike company rolled out its first waves of bikes in the streets in Shanghai and Beijing in 2016, since when smart biking has spread like wildfire, particularly in China, but also in other countries around the globe. This paper contributes to situating and analyzing innovative practices related to gender and sustainability. Mobike was invented by a woman, Hu Weiwei, who set out to address the pressing needs of urban residents in respect of more convenient, sustainable and efficient modes of transport. It is argued that Mobike should be seen as an experimental case of disruptive gendered innovations that feeds into the challenges of sustainable urban transport and social equality.

Alcohol has been shown to play an important role in youthful unnatural deaths in one California county; its contribution was not limited to motor-vehicle fatalities. In contrast to existing approaches, several new prevention strategies imply that limiting the availability and consumption of alcohol may result in a reduction of the full range of alcohol-related injuries.