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The threats of climate change have become fundamental for the humanitarian sector. 305 million people—or every 26th person worldwide—will need humanitarian aid in 2025 comprising a funding requirement of USD 47.4 billion. Inserting climate change-related forecast information to compute sound economic decisions is a cutting-edge consideration for global humanitarian financing institutions, such as the United Nations and the European Union, to cope with the era of climate losses and damages. Thus, we asked an interdisciplinary question: How useful is climate change-related modelling for economic decision-making in humanitarian aid resource allocation? We ran an exploratory literature review on this specific question by taking a snapshot of 41 studies on the Web of Science, assessed to which extent the utility of the modelling for economic decision-making was examined, and ranked them based on their usefulness. The review indicates that there should be more efforts to improve the forecasting ability and the transformation of information from climate modelling fluidly to economic decision-making in the humanitarian sector to be actionable for effective resource allocation. We assessed that more than half (23/41) of our dataset had limited discussion on the utility or mostly challenges of further use for utility documented, the two least valuable ranks. By extension, similar allocation issues will exist in development and climate policy, where we adapt and build resilience before assistance is needed. To curb the problem, research on integrating the different communities is proposed. As part of the Springer Nature Content Sharing Initiative, a publicly shareable full-text access to a view-only version of the paper is available by using the following SharedIt link: https://rdcu.be/d5Vcp

During the next few decades, changes in rainfall frequency and magnitude are expected to have major impacts on landscape evolution, social, and economic aspects of human society.We focus on seasonal rainfall variations by the end of the 21st century to define affected landslide-prone areas, future landslide alerts and the impact of shllow and deep-seated landslides on landscape development in the juncture of the Alpine, Pannonian, and Mediterranean region. For this work, we selected the six regional climate models (RCMs) from the EURO-CORDEX project, with the global climate simulations from CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase) driven by the six global circulation models (GCMs).  Of the two available spatial resolutions, i.e., 0.11° (12.5 km) and 0.44° (50 km), we considered the 0.11° spatial resolution with a regular 12.5 km grid with spacing between computational points. Six models were selected from 14 combinations of GCMs and RCMs that differ as much as possible from each other while reflecting as closely as possible the measured values of past climate variables. For this study, we considered climate scenarios variable: the daily rainfall datasets of two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP), namely RCP4.5 (mid-way) and RCP8.5 (worst-case) for the time window from 1981 to 2100. Daily rainfall data were downscaled from 12.5 km resolution to 1 km. The downscaling of the data was performed daily for all six RCMs. To analyse future climate impact on landslides, the calculated models were divided into three 30-year projection periods: 1st period (near-term) between 2011-2040, 2nd period (mid-century) between 2041-2070, 3rd period (end of the century) between 2071-2100. To show the characteristics of seasonal variations, shorter periods within a year were considered, namely four meteorological seasons: winter (December, January, February), spring (March, April, May), summer (June, July, August), and autumn (September, October, November). Future projections represent a 30-year maximum rainfall from the 30-year baseline period in the past (1981-2010).The observed changes in the occurrence of shallow landslides are significant, especially in the winter months, where we can expect more landslide-prone areas compared to the baseline period. Shallow landslides will have a greater impact on the landscape in spring and summer than deep-seated landslides, especially in vineyards.FundingThis work was supported by the by the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (the research project J1-3024). Additional financial support was provided by the project “Development of research infrastructure for the international competitiveness of the Slovenian RRI space – RI-SI-EPOS” (co-financed by the Republic of Slovenia, Ministry of Education, Science and Sport and the European Union from the European Regional Development Fund).ReferenceJemec Auflič, M., Bezak, N., Šegina, E. et al. Climate change increases the number of landslides at the juncture of the Alpine, Pannonian and Mediterranean regions. Sci Rep 13, 23085 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50314-x

Abstract A novel multi-fluid heat exchanger deployed for simultaneous heating of water and space is experimentally investigated to predict its thermo-hydraulic, exergetic, and sustainability performance for distinct Al2O3, TiO2, and CuO nanofluid (NF) flow of 50 ppm concentration of each through the inserted brazed helix tube (BHT). The input parameters such as flowrates, helix tube diameters, and nanofluid types are varied throughout the experiments to evaluate their effect on output performance parameters i.e., Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor ( f), entropy generation number (Ns), JF factor (JF), exergy efficiency (ƐE), and sustainability index (SI). The NF flowing through the BHT is the heating fluid that simultaneously heated the cold water, and cold air flowing through the outer shell and inner conduit of the BHT respectively. A distinct Nusselt number correlation for turbulent nanofluid flow inside BHT was developed, compared, and validated reasonably with the current result. For Al2O3 NF at a Reynolds number of 5698 with a 1/2-in. diameter helix tube, the best results for JF, ƐE, and SI are found to be 0.009, 0.72, and 3.53, respectively. Furthermore, for Al2O3 and TiO2 NF at a Reynolds number of 14,250 and a helix tube diameter of 3/8 in. and 1/2 in., f, and Ns are found to be 0.0047 and 0.043, respectively are minimum. It is observed that the use of Al2O3 NF, higher helix tube diameters, and lower flowrates all make the proposed heating application more sustainable.